GENERAL, PHYSICAL AND INORGANIC.
`3&2
`slowly collecting. Whatever the cause, however,
`the method advocated
`eliminates it; while in all other cases
`this method gives the same
`result
`as the regular one.
`In the next paper of this series will be considered the standardization
`from the drop weight, of surface tension
`of a tip, and the calculation,
`and the molecular weight; while in the succeeding ones, which will ap-
`pear in the immediate future, will be presented the results already ob-
`tained with the fifty or more
`liquids examined, using tips of various
`diameters.
`Laboratory
`
`of Physical
`
`Chemistry.
`
`iqio.
`
`SOLUBILITY OF OXYGEN IN SEA WATER.
`By George C. Whipple
`and Melville
`C. Whipple.
`Received December 19,
`that oxygen is less soluble in sea water
`It
`is a well recognized fact
`than in fresh water, and that in brackish water the solubility is interme-
`diate, varying with the amount of chlorine present.
`In studying the pollu-
`tion of the waters of harbors it
`is often desirable to express the amount
`of oxygen present in terms of “per cent, of saturation.”
`Inasmuch as
`the proportion of sea water varies considerably in different samples it is
`not easy to determin this percentage on account of the lack of convenient
`tables showing the amount of oxygen dissolved in saturated waters con-
`taining different amounts of chlorine. For this reason
`the authors have
`investigated the literature on the subject and have prepared a convenient
`table for use.
`the solubility of oxygen in sea
`investigations of
`One of
`the earliest
`water was made by Prof. William Ditmar, of Anderson’s College, Glas-
`in connection with the Challenger expedition.1 His method con-
`gow,
`sisted of boiling off the dissolved gases, collecting and analyzing them.
`His results have been much used. They show the variations in the
`of oxygen in “sea water” dissolved at different temperatures,
`amount
`but do not state fully the corresponding amounts of chlorine in the water
`used for the experiments.
`In connection with the study of the amount of dissolved oxygen in the
`Thames River, Clowes and Houston carried on some experiments on the
`solubility of oxygen in distilled water, sea water, and mixtures of the
`two in different proportions, at
`temperatures between 13.8o and 16° C.2
`The data thus secured, taken in connection -with the known variations
`1 “Report on Composition of Sea Water,” by William Dittmar, Challenger Report,
`See also page 58 of the Report of Letts and Adeney
`Physics and Chemistry, 1, 168.
`the “Pollution of Estuaries and Tidal Waters,” Appendix 6 of the “Report of the
`on
`Royal Commission on Sewage Disposal, 1908.”
`2 Report to the London County Council by Dr. F. Clowes and Dr. A. C. Houston
`on “The Experimental Bacterial Treatment of London Sewage, 1892-1903,” page 225.
`
`Downloaded via REPRINTS DESK INC on May 11, 2020 at 12:52:33 (UTC).
`
`See https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles.
`
`Eton Ex. 1072
`1 of 4
`
`

`

`SOLUBILITY OF OXYGEN IN SEA WATER.
`363
`in the amount of oxygen dissolved in distilled water at different tem-
`peratures, have been used as the basis of determining the per cent, of
`saturation in brackish waters.
`the subject demanded further in-
`the importance of
`Believing that
`the authors undertook some
`careful experiments to deter-
`vestigation,
`min the solubility of dissolved oxygen in sea water of known chlorine
`temperatures of o°, 10 °, 20 °, and 30 °. Winkler’s method
`content at
`was used. Saturation was obtained by forcing a current of air through
`three liters of water
`in a bottle so jacketed that a constant
`temperature
`intervals and continued
`was obtained. Determinations were made at
`Until a constant result was
`reached. This sometimes took several hours.
`in progress we
`While these experiments were
`received, through the
`courtesy of Dr. Howard T. Barnes, of McGill University, a paper by Dr.
`“The Coefficients of Absorption of Nitrogen and
`Charles J. J. Fox, on
`Oxygen in Distilled Water and Sea Water and of Atmospheric Carbonic
`Acid in Sea Water,”1 which covered the ground so completely that
`it
`seemed unnecessary for us to continue our work, especially as the results
`obtained by Fox agreed with our own, as far as they had been carried.
`Fox’s results were obtained by exposing the water
`to an atmosphere
`of pure dry oxygen and measuring the quantity of gas dissolved. For
`the practical use of water analysts it is necessary to transform the data
`thus obtained into the units commonly used, namely, milligrams per
`liter, or parts per million. Fox himself has given a table in which the
`results are expressed in terms of cubic centimeters of oxygen absorbed
`per liter from a dry free atmosphere containing 20.9 per cent, of oxygen at
`760 mm. pressure, as follows:
`from a Free Dry
`Number of
`cc. of Oxygen Absorbed by
`cc. of Sea Water
`1000
`Atmosphere Containing 20.9 Per cent,
`of Oxygen
`of 760 mm. Pressure.
`0.28091 + 0.006009Í2 + 0.0000632Í8 — Cl (0.1161 —
`0.0000631Í2).
`Chlorine, parts
`per million.
`¿=0°.
`20°.
`28°.
`4°.
`16°.
`12°.
`8<\
`24°·
`9.26
`8.40
`6.14
`7.68
`7.08
`IO.29
`5-75
`6-57
`O
`6.80
`9-83
`8.04
`8.85
`7-36 _
`6-33
`4,000
`5-53
`5-91
`9·36
`7.68
`8,000
`6.07
`5-3i
`6.52
`7.04
`8-45
`5-67
`8. go
`8.04
`6.74
`6.24
`5.82
`. 5-o8
`12,000
`7-33
`5-44
`4.86
`7.64
`6.97
`5.20
`6-43
`8-43
`5-56
`5-96
`16,000
`6.62
`6.11
`4.62
`7-23
`5-3i
`4-95
`7-97
`20,000
`5-69
`For convenient use we have corrected these figures for vapor pressure
`and have transformed them into parts per million. These results are
`herewith presented with the hope that they may be of service to sanitary
`engineers and water analysts.
`1 Trans. Faraday Soc., Sept., 1909, p. 68.
`
`0.003922Í +
`
`10.291 —
`
`1,000 
`
`=
`
`Eton Ex. 1072
`2 of 4
`
`

`

`364
`
`GENERAL, PHYSICAL AND INORGANIC.
`
`Dissolved Oxygen in Distilled Water
`
`and
`
`in Sea Water oe Different Degrees
`Atmosphere Containing
`
`(Calculated by G. C. Whipple and M. C.
`
`<1
`
`E y
`v u
`t-,
`
`0
`
`1
`2
`3
`4
`5
`
`6
`7
`8
`9
`10
`
`11
`12
`13
`'4
`15
`
`16
`
`17
`18
`19
`20
`
`21
`22
`23
`24
`-’5
`
`26
`-’7
`28
`29
`30
`
`·£
`
`tfi
`
`(parts per million).
`Chlorine in Sea Water
`8000.
`6000.
`1000.
`2000.
`0.
`7000.
`3000.
`5000.
`4000.
`13.96 13-79  3·63 13.46  3·30
`14.70 14.62
`14.29 14.12
`14-45
`14.06 13.90 13-73 13-57
`13.09 12.93
`14.28 14-23
`13.25
`13-41
` 3·36 13.20 13-05 12.90 12.74 12-59
`13.88 13.84 13.68 13.52
`12.58 12-43 12.28
` 3·48 13-32
`I3'50
`13.02
`12.72
`12.87
`13-17
`12.26 12.12
` 3· 3
`12.84 12.70 12-55
`12.99
`11.98
`13.14.
`12.41
`12.80 12.80
`11.81
`12.09   ·95
`11.67
`12.37
`12.23
`12.65 12.51
`
`12.47
`12.16
`11.86
`1 i. 58
`11.31
`
`11.05
`10.80
`10.57
`10.35
`10.14
`
`9.94
`9-75
`9'5C
`9-37
`9. 19
`
`9.01
`8.84
`8.67
`8.51
`8-35
`
`8.19
`8.03
`7.86
`7-74
`7.60
`
`11.79 11.66 11.52
`12.06 n-93
`  ·39
`12.48 12.34 12.20
`11.77 11.64 II-5I
`  ·37
`11.24 11 . 11
`12.03 II.90
`12.17
`10.86
`11.74 11.62
`10.99
`11.87
`11.49 11-37
`11.24 I
`I
`. 12
`10-73 10.60
`  ·59
`11.46 11-34 11.22
`11.09 10.97
`10.85
`  .48 10.37
`10.60
`11.08 10.97
`n-33
`10.85
`10-73
`11.20
`
`11.08
`10.83
`10.60
`10.37
`10.15
`
`10.38 10.26
`10.96 10.84 10-73 10.61
`10.49
`10.50 10.39 10.28 10.17
`10.61
`IO.OÓ
`10.72
`10.16 10.05
`9.84
`10.49 10.38 10.27
`9-95
`10.06
`10.16
`9-63
`9-95
`9-85
`9-74
`10.27
`9-85
`9-45
`9-95
`9-75
`9-65
`9-55
`10.05
`
`10.15
`9-94
`9-73
`9-53
`9-35
`
`9-95
`9-74
`9-54
`9-35
`9,17
`
`8.99
`8.83
`8.68
`8-53
`8.38
`
`8.22
`8.07
`7.92
`7· 77
`7-63
`
`9-85
`9.64
`9-44
`9.26
`9.08
`
`8.91
`8-75
`8.60
`8-45
`8.29
`
`8.14
`7-99
`7.84
`7.69
`7-55
`
`9-75
`9-55
`9-35
`9.17
`9.00
`
`8.83
`8.67
`8.52
`8-37
`8.21
`
`8.06
`7-9i
`7.76
`7.62
`7.48
`
`9-65
`9-45
`9-25
`9.08
`8.91
`
`8.74
`8-59
`8-44
`8.29
`8.12
`
`7-98
`7-83
`7.68
`7-54
`7.40
`
`9-56
`9-36
`9.16
`8.99
`8.82
`
`8.65
`8.50
`8-35
`8.20
`8.04
`
`7.90
`7-75
`7.61
`7-47
`7-33
`
`9-46
`9.26
`9.07
`8.89
`8-73
`
`8-57
`8.42
`8.27
`8.12
`7 .96
`
`7.81
`7.67
`7-53
`7-39
`7.25
`
`9-36
`9.16
`8-99
`8.80
`8.65
`
`8.48
`8-33
`8. 18
`8.04
`7.88
`
`7-73
`7.60
`7-45
`7 · 31
`7-17
`
`9.26
`9-°7
`8.90
`8.71
`8.56
`
`8.40
`8.25
`8.10
`7.96
`7.80
`
`765
`7-52
`7-37
`7-23
`7.09
`
`9.16
`8.97
`8.80
`8.63
`8-47
`
`8- 3i
`8.16
`8.02
`7-87
`7-72
`
`7-57
`7-44
`7 - SO
`7- '5
`7.01
`
`9000.
`13.13
`12.77
`12-43
`12.13
`11.84
`11 -53
`
`11.25
`10.98
`10.73
`10.48
`10.25
`
`10.03
`9-83
`9-63
`9.42
`9-25
`
`9.06
`8.88
`8.71
`8-54
`8.38
`
`8.23
`8.08
`7-93
`7-79
`7.64
`
`7-50
`7-36
`7..2
`7.07
`0   93
`
`1 The figures in this column are those of
`
`the Committee on Standard Methods
`
`Eton Ex. 1072
`3 of 4
`
`

`

`SOLUBILITY OB OXYGEN IN SEA WATER.
`
`365
`
`of Salinity when Saturated at Different Temperatures and Exposed to an
`20.9 Per cent. Oxygen.
`Whipple from measurements of C. J. J. Fox.)
`
`parts
`
`IOOOO.
`
`l6000.
`20000.
`12000.
`iSOOO.
`XIOOO.
`13000.
`17000.
`14000.
`19000.
`15000.
`12.97 12.80 12.64 12.47 12.31 12.14 11.98 11.81 11.65 11.48 11.32 0.0165
`. 19 11.03 0.0160
`12.61 12.46 12.30 12.14 11.98 11.82 11.67 II.51
`11-35 II
`12.28 12.13 11.98 n.83 11.67 11.52 n-37
`11.06 10.91 10.76 0.0154
`11.22
`11.39 11.24 11.09 10-95 10.80 10.65 10.50 0.0149
`11.98 11.83 11.68   ·54
`11.69 11-55 11.40 11.26 II
`10.97 10.83 IO.69, 10.54 10.40 10.25 0.0144
`. II
`.26 II
`0.0140
`. 12 10.98" 10.84 10.70 10-57 10-43 10.29 10.15 10.01
`11.39 II
`
`too
`
`million chlorine.
`
`Difference
`
`l8 10.05
`. 12 10.99 10.85 10.72 10.58 10.45 10.32   .
`II
`M O 00 01 10.73 10.60 10-47 10.34 10.21
`9.96
`9-83
`10.09
`10.61 10.48 10.36 10.23 10.
`9.98
`9.86
`9.61
`9-73
`II
`9.64
`9.40
`9.88
`9.76
`10.36 10.24 10.12
`9-52
`10.00
`9.66
`9.90 9.78
`9-44
`9-33
`9.21
`9-55
`10.13 10.02
`
`9.92
`9.72
`9-52
`9-32
`9-i4
`
`9.81 9.69 9-58
`9-5°
`9-39
`9.61
`9-30 9-19
`9.41
`9.22
`9.01
`9.II
`8.93 8.83
`9-°3
`
`8.96 8.86
`8.77
`8.78 8.68
`8.59
`8.62
`8.43
`8.52
`8-45 8.36 8.27
`8.12
`8.30 8.21
`
`8.67
`8-49
`8-33
`8.18
`8.03
`
`8.14 8.05
`7.88
`7-97
`7-83 7-74
`7.91
`7-99
`7.85 7.76 7.68 7.60
`7.46
`7-54
`7.71
`7-$3
`7-5$ 7.48 7.40
`7-3i
`
`9.46
`9.28
`9.09
`8.90
`8.73
`
`8.57
`8.40
`8.24
`8.09
`7-95
`
`7.80
`7.66
`7-5i
`7-38
`7·23
`
`9-35
`9.17
`8.98
`8.80
`8.63
`
`8-47
`8.30
`8.15
`8.00
`7.86
`
`7.71
`7-57
`7-43
`7-30
`7-15
`
`9-24
`9.06
`8.87
`8.70
`8-53
`
`8.38
`8.20
`8.07
`7.91
`7-77
`
`7.62
`7.48
`7 -34
`7.21
`7.07
`
`9.13
`8-95
`8.76
`8.60
`8-43
`
`8.28
`8.11
`7.98
`7.82
`7.68
`
`7-54
`7.40
`7-25
`7-13
`6.99
`
`9.02
`8.84
`8.66
`8.50
`8-33
`
`8.18
`8.02
`7.88
`7-74
`7.60
`
`7-45
`7-3i
`7.17
`7-05
`6.90
`
`9.91
`9.70
`9.48
`9.28
`9.09
`
`8.91
`8.73
`8.56
`8.40
`8.23
`
`8.08
`7-93
`7-79
`7-$5
`7·5 
`
`7-37
`7-23
`7.08
`6.96
`6.82
`
`9.78 0.0135
`9-57 0.0130
`9-3$ 0.0125
`9.17 0.0121
`8.98 0.0118
`
`8.80 0.0114
`8.62 0.0110
`8.46 0.0107
`8.30 0.0104
`8.14 0.0100
`
`7-99 0.0096
`7.84 0.0095
`7.70 0.0092
`7-5$ 0.0089
`7.42 0.0086
`
`7.28 0.0086
`7.14 0.0085
`7.00 0.0083
`6.87 0.0083
`6.74 0.0082
`
`7-34 7-2Ó 7.18
`7.42
`7.28 7.20
`7.04
`7.12
`7.06 6.99 6.91
`7.14
`6.92 6.83 6.77
`7.00
`6.86
`6.79 6.72 6.64
`
`7.10
`6.96
`6.83
`6.70
`6.56
`
`7.02
`6.88
`6-75
`6.62
`$•49
`
`6.61 0.0080
`6.86
`6.70
`6.78
`$•49 0.0079
`6.65
`6-73
`6-57
`6.60
`6.44
`6-37 0.0078
`6.52
`6.40
`6.25 0.0076
`6.47
`6.32
`6.20
`6.28
`6.13 0.0075
`$-35
`103 Park Ave,, New York City.
`of Water Analysis of the American Public Health Association.
`
`6.94
`6.81
`6.68
`$-55
`6.43
`
`Eton Ex. 1072
`4 of 4
`
`