— 264 —
`
`62368-1 © EEC:2014
`
`- Reverse charging of a rechargeable battery. Check whether the equipment containing a
`battery has such construction design that the battery may be placed into the equipment in
`the manner causing reverse charging. Also it will be checked if the electrical connection is
`made.
`if a reverse charging is judged possible by the inspection,
`the following test is
`applied. However, when relevant
`lEC battery standards cover this requirement in the
`Annex, the test is considered to be performed.
`
`The battery is installed in the reverse orientation and then the charging circuit is subject
`to simulation of any single component failure. To minimize testing time,
`the failure is
`chosen that causes the highest reverse charging current. The battery is then reverse
`charged for a single period of 7 h with the simulated failure in place.
`
`- Unintentional charging of a nonnrechargeable battery. The battery is charged while briefly
`subjected to the simulation of any single component failure that is likely to occur in the
`charging circuit and that would result in unintentional charging of the battery. To minimize
`testing time. the failure is chosen that causes the highest charging current. The battery is
`then charged for a single period of 7 h with the simulated failure in place.
`
`M.3.3
`
`Compiiance criteria
`
`These tests shall not result in any of the following:
`
`— chemical leakage caused by cracking, rupturing or bursting of the battery jacket,
`leakage could adversely affect a safeguard; or
`
`if such
`
`— spillage of liquid from any pressure relief device in the battery, unless such spillage is
`contained by the equipment without risk of damage to a safeguard or harm to an ordinary
`person or an instructed person; or
`
`w explosion of the battery, if such explosion could result in injury to an ordinary person or
`an instructed person; or
`
`e emission of flame or expulsion of molten metal to the outside of the equipment enclosure.
`
`Throughout the tests:
`
`m the battery temperature shall not exceed the allowable temperature of the battery as
`specified by the battery manufacturer; and
`
`— the maximum current drawn from the battery shall be within the range of the specification
`of the battery.
`
`M.4 Additionai safeguards for equipment containing a secondary lithium
`battery
`
`M.4.1
`
`General
`
`incorporating one or more portabte sealed
`Equipment designed to be operated whiEe
`secondary lithium batteries are subject to the requirements in this clause.
`
`M.4.2
`
`Charging safeguards
`
`M.4.2.1
`
`Requirements
`
`Under normal operating conditions, abnormal operating conditions or single fauit
`conditions the charging voltage per secondary lithium battery and the charging current per
`secondary lithium battery shali not exceed the maximum specified charging voltage and
`maximum specified charging current.
`
`The battery charging circuit shall stop charging when the temperature of the battery exceeds
`the highest specified charging temperature. The battery charging circuit shall
`limit the
`current to the value specified by the battery manufacturer when the battery temperature is
`
`Page 266 of 680
`
`VOLTSERVER EXHIBIT 1021 (part 2 of 3)
`
`

`

`62368-1 © |EC:2014
`
`— 265 —
`
`M.4.2.2
`
`Comptiance criteria
`
`the charging current and the
`Compliance is checked by measuring the charging voltage,
`temperature of each individual cell of the secondary lithium battery under normal
`operating conditions, abnormal operating conditions and single fault conditions. The
`cell
`temperature shall be measured at the points specified by the battery manufacturer.
`Single fault conditions that may affect the charging voltage or charging current or the
`temperature shall be applied in accordance with Clause 3.4.
`
`NOTE 1
`
`For potted assemblies, thermocouples could be attached to the cell suttace before potting.
`
`A higher charging voltage than the maximum specified charging voltage or a higher
`charging current than the maximum specified charging current, that occurs Jlust after the
`introduction of an abnormal operating condition or a single fault condition, may be
`ignored if the operation of a protective device or circuitry, provided in addition to the normal
`regulating circuitry, prevents an unsafe condition of the battery.
`
`Where appropriate, for the purpose of the measurement, the battery may be replaced by a
`circuit simulating the battery load.
`
`The charging voltage shall be measured when the secondary lithium battery becomes fully
`charged. The charging current shall be measured during the entire charging cycle up to the
`maximum specified charging voltage.
`
`During and after the test, no fire or explosion (other than venting) of secondary lithium
`battery shall occur. The charging voltage shall not exceed maximum specified charging
`voltage. The charging current shall not exceed maximum specified charging current. The
`charging of the battery shall be stopped when the temperature of the battery exceeds the
`highest specified charging temperature. The battery charging circuit shall limit the current
`to the value specified by the battery manufacturer when the battery temperature is lower
`than the lowest specified charging temperature.
`
`NOTE 2 Venting without flame,
`battery.
`
`fire or expulsion of solid materials is a safeguard of a secondary lithium
`
`for equipment where the battery can be removed from the equipment by an
`in addition,
`ordinary person, compliance is checked by measuring the charging voltage and the charging
`current, and by evaluating the temperature control function of the equipment under normal
`operating conditions, abnormal operating conditions and single fault conditions.
`
`All parameters controlled by the protection circuit for the battery shall be within those
`specified in the relevant lEC battery standard, and shall cover the following:
`
`e the maximum current drawn from the battery shall be within the range of the specification
`of the battery; and
`
`— throughout the tests, the battery temperature shall not exceed the allowable temperature
`of the battery as specified by the battery manufacturer.
`
`NOTE 3 The controlling elements are voltage. current. and temperature.
`
`M.4.3
`
`Fire enclosure
`
`Secondary lithium battery shall be provided with a fire enclosure according to 6.4.8. The
`fire enclosure may be that of the secondary lithium battery itself or that of the equipment
`containing the secondary lithium battery.
`
`Equipment with batteries are exempted from the above requirement, provided that:
`
`...
`
`the battery complies with PS1 circuit limits; or
`
`Page 267 of 680
`
`

`

`— 266 —
`
`62368-1 © EEC:2014
`
`—
`
`equipment with
`the
`requirements of 6.4.5.2.
`
`the battery complies with
`
`the
`
`supplementary safeguard
`
`Compliance is checked by inspection of the relevant material or by evaluation of the
`secondary lithium battery datasheet.
`
`M.4.4
`
`Drop test of equipment containing a secondary lithium battery
`
`M.4.4.1
`
`General
`
`and transportable
`for direct piug-in equipment, hand-held equipment
`The tests
`equipment that contain a secondary lithium battery are specified below. These test are
`specified to verify that mechanical shock wiil not compromise a safeguard within the battery
`or the equipment.
`
`M.4.4.2
`
`Preparation and procedure for the drop test
`
`The drop test is conducted in the following order.-
`
`— Step 1: drop of the equipment containing a battery as specified in M.4.4,3
`
`— Step 2: check the charge and discharge function of the dropped equipment as specified in
`M.4.4.4
`
`m Step 3: conduct a charge and discharge cycle test of the dropped battery as specified in
`M. 4.4.5
`
`As a preparation of the drop test, two batteries are fully charged at the same time under the
`same charging conditions. The open circuit voltages of both batteries are measured to
`confirm the initial voltages are the same. One battery is used for the drop test and the other
`is used as a reference.
`
`M.4.4.3
`
`Drop
`
`The equipment with a fully charged battery installed shall be subjected to the drop test of
`Clause T. 7.
`
`After the drop test, the battery is removed from the equipment. The open circuit voltages of
`the dropped battery and the reference (undropped) battery are periodically monitored during
`the following 24 hour period. The voltage difference shall not exceed 5%.
`
`M.4.4.4
`
`Check of the chargeldischarge function
`
`The charging/discharging circuit functions (charging— control voltage, charging control current,
`and temperature control) are checked to determine that they continue to operate and that all
`safeguards are effective. A dummy battery or appropriate measurement tool that represents
`the battery characteristics may be used for this examination in order to differentiate between
`battery damage and equipment malfunctions.
`
`the test is terminated, continuation with
`if the charge/discharge function does not operate,
`step 3 is not necessary and compliance is determined by M.4.4.6.
`
`M.4.4.5
`
`Charge l discharge cycle test
`
`if the dropped equipment is still functioning, the dropped equipment with the dropped battery
`installed is subject to three complete discharge and charge cycles under normal operating
`conditions.
`
`Page 268 of 680
`
`

`

`62368—1 © IEC:2014
`
`w- 267 w
`
`M.4.4.6
`
`Compliance criteria
`
`fire or explosion of the battery shall not occur unless an appropriate
`During the tests,
`safeguard is provided that contains the explosion or fire.
`if venting occurs, any electrolyte
`leakage shall not defeat a safeguard.
`
`When a protection circuitry for charging or discharging in the equipment or the battery
`detects an abnormality in the battery and stops charging or discharging,
`the re5ult
`is
`considered to be acceptable.
`
`M.5 Risk of burn due to short-circuit during carrying
`
`M.5.1
`
`Requirements
`
`Battery terminals shall be protected from the possible burn that may occur to an ordinary
`person or an instructed person during the carrying of a battery with exposed bare
`conductive terminals (such as in the user's carrying bag) due to a short—circuit caused by
`metal objects, such as clips, keys and necklaces.
`
`M.5.2
`
`Test method and compliance criteria
`
`if the battery is designed to be carried with bare conductive terminals,
`comply with the test of P.2.3.
`
`the battery shall
`
`The compliance criteria of M33 apply.
`
`M.6
`
`Prevention of short-circuits and protection from other effects of electric
`current
`
`M.6.'i
`
`Short-circuits
`
`M.6.'l.1
`
`General requirements
`
`The electric energy stored in cells or batteries may be reieased in an inadvertent and
`uncontrolled manner due to external short-circuiting of the terminals or an internal safeguard
`failure, such as a metal contaminant bridging the insulation. As a result, the considerable
`amount of energy, heat and pressure generated by the high current can produce molten
`metal, sparks, expiosion and vaporisation of electrolyte.
`
`To address external fauits, the main connections from the battery terminals shall either:
`
`—
`
`——
`
`be provided with a sufficient overcurrent protective device to prevent any accidentai short—
`circuit inducing conditions as mentioned above; or
`
`the battery connections up to the first overcurrent protective device shalt be constructed
`so that a short-circuit is not likely to occur and connections shall be designed to withstand
`the electromagnetic forces experienced during a short-circuit.
`
`NOTE‘I Where terminals and conductors are not
`insutaied tools are to be used in that area.
`
`insulated, by design or
`
`for maintenance purposes, only
`
`Unless internal fault testing has been conducted on the battery as part of compliance with an
`IEC battery standard in M.2.1, the internal fault testing as described below is required.
`
`NOTE 2 Not all battery standards in M.2.1 contain a similar internal fault test.
`
`in a battery shalt be faulted to ensure that each celi vents safely without
`Each cell
`introducing an explosion or
`fire. Where a cell
`is
`incorporated into a battery or
`the
`
`Page 269 of 680
`
`

`

`— 268 —
`
`62368-1 © |EC:2014
`
`M.6.1.2
`
`Compliance criteria
`
`For external faults, compliance may be checked by inspection.
`
`The sample shall not explode or emit molten material at any time during any of the tests.
`
`NE.6.2
`
`Leakage currents
`
`influences like temperature, dampness, dust,
`To be resistant against effects of ambient
`gasses, steam, mechanical stress, and to avoid the risk of fire or corrosion, batteries shall be
`kept clean and dry.
`
`The battery system should be isolated from the fixed installation before this measurement is
`carried out.
`
`NOTE Before carrying out any test, consider the presence of E82 or £53 voltages between the battery and the
`associated rack or enciosure.
`
`Compliance is checked by measuring the insulation resistance between the battery's circuit
`and other local conductive parts. The insulation resistance shall be greater than 700 (2 per
`volt (of battery nominal voltage), corresponding to a leakage current less than 10 mA.
`
`M.7 Risk of explosion from lead acid and NiCd batteries
`
`M.7.1
`
`Ventilation preventing an explosive gas concentration
`
`Where batteries are provided within an equipment such that emitted gases may concentrate
`in a confined equipment space, the battery construction, airflow or ventilation shall be such
`that the atmosphere within the equipment does not reach an explosive concentration.
`
`Clause M] is applied for open type batteries and valve regulated type batteries. Sealed type
`batteries with a mechanism of reducing gas are considered to comply with this requirement.
`
`M.7.2
`
`Test method and compliance criteria
`
`The purpose of ventilating a battery location or enclosure is to maintain the hydrogen
`concentration below the explosive 4 %Vol hydrogen LEl.
`threshold. The hydrogen
`concentration in the battery location shall not exceed 1 0/3“); hydrogen.
`
`NOTE 1 When a coil reaches its fulty charged state. water electrolysis occurs according to the Faraday's law.
`
`standard conditions
`Under
`P = i 013 hPa:
`
`of normal
`
`temperature
`
`and pressure where T=273 K,
`
`— 1 Ah decomposes H20 into 0,142le + 0,27 log,
`
`— decomposition of 1 cm3 (i g) H20 requires 3 Ah,
`
`, 26,8 Ah decomposes H20 into lg H2 + 6‘ g 02
`
`When the charging operation is stopped, the emission of gas from the cells can be regarded
`as having come to an end 1 h after having switched off the charging current.
`
`The minimum air flow rate for ventilation of a battery location or compartment shall be
`calculated by the following formula:
`
`Q=vxq><s><n xlgasx Crtx 10—3
`
`[m3lhl
`
`Page 270 of 680
`
`

`

`62368—1 © |EC:2014
`
`« 269 m-
`
`where
`
`Q
`
`v
`
`q
`5
`n
`
`is the ventilation air flow in m3/h;
`
`is the necessary dilution of hydrogen:
`
`(100~4)% ; 24,-
`4 %
`
`[m3iAhJ generated hydrogen;
`= 0.42 x 10—3
`"—- 5, general safety factor,-
`is the number of cells;
`
`[gas
`
`is the current producing gas in mA / Ah rated capacity for the float charge current
`[float or the boost charge current Ibo“);
`
`Crt
`
`is the capacity C10 tor tead acid cetls (Ah) or capacity 05 for NiCd cells (Ah)
`
`NOTE 2 C10 is the 10 3'; rate with current 110 for lead acid cells: (Ah) to Ufinal = 1.80 Vlcell at 20 “C
`
`C5 is the 5h tale with current 15 for NiCd cells: (Ah) to Utinal = 1,00 Vicell at 20 ”C
`
`with v x q x s = 0.05 lm3lAhJ the ventilation air flow calculation formula is:
`
`Q: 0,05xnx1gasx Crt x ”HT3 [msl h]
`
`The currentigas in mA producing gas is determined by one of the following formulas:
`
`193s:
`
`Ifloalx fgx fs [FHA/Ah] 01’
`
`[gas = Incest)< fg X f5 {FHA/Ah]
`
`Where
`
`[gas
`
`[float
`
`is the current producing gas in mA / Ah rated capacity for the float charge current
`[float or the boost charge currenttboost;
`
`is the float charge current under fully charged condition at a defined float charge
`voltage at 20 ”C;
`
`[boost
`
`is the boost charge current under fully charged condition at a defined boost charge
`voftage at 20 “C;
`
`fg
`
`)23
`
`is the gas emission factor, proportion of current at fully charged state producing
`hydrogen (see Table M1),-
`
`is the safety factor,
`(see Tabée M.’l).
`
`to accommodate faulty cells in a battery and an aged battery
`
`Table MA — Values offg and f5
`
`
` Lead—acid
`Lead-acid
`
`.
`NiCd batteries
`batteries
`
`
`
`
`VRLA cells
`vented ceils
`vented CEHS
`halterles
`
`
`
`Sb < 3 V0
`
`
`0,2
`
`
`
`
`
`gas emission factor
`
`f9
`gas emission safety factor
`f5
`(including 10 "/u faulty cells and ageing)
`
`1
`
`
`Page 271 of 680
`
`

`

`— 270 —
`
`623684 © “502014
`
`For outdoor equipment, Clause 11 of lEC 60950-222095 applies.
`
`NLB
`
`Protection against internal ignition from external spark sources of
`batteries with aqueous electrolyte
`
`M.8.1
`
`General
`
`The requirements specified below appiy to rechargeable batteries providing a venting
`system.
`
`NOTE For example, a battery used in a UPS.
`
`The level of air ventilation rate shall ensure that a risk of explosion does not exist by keeping
`the hydrogen content in air below 1 %Vol at the PIS.
`
`The use of an effective flame arrester in the battery venting system wili prevent an external
`explosion propagating into the battery.
`
`Clause MB is applied for open type batteries and valve regulated type batteries. Sealed type
`batteries with a mechanism of reducing gas are considered to comply with this requirement.
`
`M.8.2
`
`Test method
`
`M.8.2.1
`
`General
`
`The test shall be carried out according to lEC 60896-212004, 6.4.
`
`NOTE 1 This test is designed to reveal the protection afforded by the valve unit against the ignition oi the gases
`within a cell by an external ignition source. During this test, use proper precautions to safeguard persons and
`equipment from explosion and burns.
`
`A minimum distance :1 extending through air shall be maintained within which a maximum
`surface temperature of 300 ”C shall not be exceeded (no flames. sparks. arcs or glowing
`devices).
`
`NOTE 2 When calculating the minimum distance dto protect against explosion in close proximity to the source of
`release of a celi or battery, the dilution of explosive gases is not always ensured. The dispersion of explosive
`gas depends on the gas release rate and the ventilation characteristics close to the source of release,
`
`The minimum distance d can be estimated by calculating the dimensions of a hypothetical
`volume VZ of potentially explosive gas around the source of release, outside of which the
`concentration of hydrogen is below the safe concentration of the LEL.
`
`d a 28,8 x sirgas >< tic“
`
`[mm]
`
`where
`
`[gas
`C,f
`
`is the current producing gas [mA / Ah];
`is the rated capacity [Ah],
`
`NOTE 3 The requited distance d can be achieved by the use of a partition wall between the battery and sparking
`device.
`
`in a UPS
`Where batteries form an integral part of a power supply system (for example,
`system), the distance d, where d is the minimum distance (clearance) between the vanilla of
`the battery and the electronic equipment that may exhibit flames, sparks, arcs or glowing
`devices (maximum surface temperature 300 °C), may be reduced according to the equipment
`manufacturer’s calculations or measurements. The level of air ventilation rate should ensure
`
`Page 272 of 680
`
`

`

`62368—1 © EEC22014
`
`w 27‘i -
`
`that a risk of explosion does not exist by keeping the hydrogen content in air below 1%vor
`plus a margin at the HS.
`
`M.8.2.2
`
`Estimation of hypothetical voiume V1
`
`The theoretical minimum ventilation fiow rate to dilute the flammable gas (hydrogen) to a
`concentration below the LEL can be calculated by means of the formula:
`
`d_V
`dr mm
`
`_
`
`ldG/dtimax X
`k x LEL
`
`T
`293
`
`where
`
`dV/drmm
`
`is the minimum voiumetric flow rate of fresh air required to dilute the gas
`("1318);
`
`dG/dtmax
`
`is the maximum gas release rate (kg/s);
`
`LEL
`k
`
`T
`
`is 4 %Vol for hydrogen (kg/m3);
`is the factor applied to the LEL; k = 0,25 is chosen for dilution of hydrogen gas;
`
`is the ambient temperature in K (293 Keivin = 20 DC).
`
`The voiume Vz represents the volume over which the mean concentration of flammable gas
`will be 0,25 times the LEL. This means that at the extremities of the hypotheticai volume, the
`concentration of gas will be significantiy below the LEL (for example, the hypotheticai volume
`where the concentration is above LEL would be less than V2}
`
`“5.8.2.3
`
`Correction factors
`
`With a given number of air changes per unit time, a, related to the generai ventilation the
`hypothetical volume VZ of potentialiy explosive atmosphere around the source of release can
`be estimated as follows:
`
`V: m [Li—V]
`
`d: min
`
`/ c
`
`where c is the number of fresh air changes per unit time (f1).
`
`The above formula holds for an instantaneous and homogenous mixing at the source of
`release given ideal flow conditions of fresh air‘
`in practice,
`ideal conditions rarely exist,
`Therefore a correction factorfis introduced to denote the effectiveness of the ventilation.
`
`dV
`
`V2 2 fx [fl]
`
`dz min
`
`/ c
`
`where f is the ventilation effectiveness factor, denoting the efficiency of the ventilation in
`terms of its effectiveness in diluting the explosive atmosphere, f ranging from i
`(ideal) to
`typicaliy 5 (impeded air flow). For battery installations the ventilation effectiveness factor is
`f= 1,25.
`
`M.8.2.4
`
`Calculation of distance d
`
`The term (K)d! min
`
`Page 273 of 680
`
`

`

`— 272 —
`
`62368—1 © |EC12014
`
`including all factors corresponds with the hourly ventilation air flow Q (in m3/h) for secondary
`batteries calculated under
`
`dV
`51‘:
`
`w (—l
`
`Q: 0,05 x (N)x [gas x on x10—3
`
`[ms/h]
`
`This hourly ventilation air flow Q can be used to define a hypothetical volume. Assuming a
`hemispherical dispersal of gas, a volume of a hemisphere Vz = 213 n d3 can be defined, where
`d is the distance from the source of release.
`
`This results in the calculation formula for the distance d, with c = 1 air change per hour within
`the hemisphere:
`
`d3: Tistxwex (I‘tlxl’gas’< Cit
`
`[mm]
`
`a' = 28,sx(W)x§/19:x fl [mm]
`
`Depending on the source of gas release, the number of cells per monobloc battery (N) or
`vent openings per cell involved (th) shall be taken into consideration (for example. by the
`factor W, respectively film ).
`
`The distance d as a function of the rated capacity for various charge currents I (mA/Ah) is
`shown in Figure M1.
`
`1 000
`
`
`
`
`“r
`
`
`
`
`
`disatnced(mm)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Safety
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1
`
`10
`
`100 —’ 1000
`Capacity (Ah)
`
`10000
`
`ice 0381114
`
`Figure M.1 — Distance d as a function of the rated capacity
`for various charge currents 1(mAlAh)
`
`Page 274 of 680
`
`

`

`62368-1 © iEC:20‘l4
`
`— 273 —
`
`M,9
`
`Preventing electrolyte spillage
`
`M.9.1
`
`Protection from electrolyte spiilage
`
`Equipment shall be constructed so that spillage of electrolyte from batteries, that may have
`an adverse effect on skin, eye and other human body parts, other safeguards or the
`premises.
`is unlikely. Ail possibie operating modes during maintenance should be taken into
`account, including replacement of the battery and refiliing of consumed material.
`
`Compliance is checked by inspection.
`
`M.9.2
`
`Tray for preventing electrolyte spiltage
`
`lf cell failure could result in the spillage of efectroiyte, the spillage shait be contained (for
`exampie, by use of a retaining tray adequate to contain the electrotyte) taking into account the
`maximum possible spitlage amount.
`
`This requirement is applicabie to stationary equipment and does not apply if the construction
`of the battery is such that leakage of the electrolyte from the battery is untikely, or if splitage
`of electrolyte does not adversety affect required insulation.
`
`NOTE An example of a battery construction where leakage of the electrolyte is considered to be uniikely is the
`sealed cell valve—regulated type.
`
`Compliance is checked by inspection.
`
`M10 Instructions to prevent reasonabiy foreseeable misuse
`
`A battery incorporated in the equipment and a battery together with its associated
`components (including cells and etectric power generators) shalt be so constructed that an
`electric shock or fire safeguard faiiure (for example. flammable chemical leakage causing fire
`or insulation damage) is untikely, taking all reasonably foreseeable conditions into account.
`if
`applicabie, this shalt inctude extreme conditions as specified by the manufacturer, such as:
`
`w
`
`—-
`
`high or low extreme temperatures that a battery can be subjected to during use. storage
`or transportation; and
`
`low air pressure at high attitude.
`
`is not reasonably
`Where providing safety devices or design in a battery or equipment
`practical considering the functional nature of the battery or equipment containing a battery,
`instructionat safeguards in accordance with Clause F.5 shall be provided to protect the
`battery from extreme conditions or user's abuse. Examples that shall be considered include:
`
`m
`
`—
`
`—
`
`——
`
`replacement of a battery with an incorrect type that can defeat a safeguard (for example,
`in the case of some lithium battery types);
`
`disposal of a battery into fire or a hot oven, or mechanically crushing or cutting of a
`battery. that can resutt in an explosion;
`
`leaving a battery in an extremely high temperature surrounding environment that can
`resuit in an explosion or the leakage of flammable tiquid or gas;
`
`a battery subjected to extremely low air pressure that may result in an expiosion or the
`ieakage of flammable liquid or gas.
`
`Compliance is checked by inspection, by evaluation of available data provided by the
`manufacturer, and,
`if required, by abnormal operating condition tests according to 8.3.6
`considering all possible installation, transportation and use conditions.
`
`Page 275 of 680
`
`

`

`—274—
`
`62368-1 ©1EC:2014
`
`Annex N
`
`(normative)
`
`Electrochemical potentials (V)
`
`
`
`Magnesium,magnesiumalloys
`
`80tin/20zinconsteel,zinconironorsteel| Aluminium
`
`
`
`Zinc,zincalloys
`
`Aluminiumlmagnesium alloy
`
`Cadmiumonsteel
`
`
`
`Mildsteel
`
`Duralumin
`
`Lead
`
`
`
`steel,12%Crstainlesssteel
`
`
`
`Chromiumonsteel,soft
`
`
`
`solderCronNEonsteel,tinon
`
`
`
`Highchromium
`
`
`
`stainlesssteel
`
`
`
`
`
`Silversolder,austenitic
`
`Rhodiumonsilveron
`
`
`
`stainlesssteel
`
`Nickelonsteel
`
`
`
`
`
`copper,silver/goldalloy
`
`
`
`Gold,platinum
`
`Carbon
`
`
`
`
`
`Copper,copperalloys
`
`0
`
`0,15 0,25
`
`0,3
`
`0,35 0,45 0,5
`
`0,55
`
`0,6
`
`0,7
`
`0,3
`
`0,55
`
`0,9
`
`1,05 1,1
`
`1,15
`
`1,2
`
`0
`
`0,1
`
`0,15 0,2
`
`0,3
`
`0,35
`
`0,4
`
`0,45
`
`0,55
`
`0,65
`
`0,7
`
`0,75
`
`0,9
`
`0,95
`
`1,0
`
`1,05
`
`0
`
`0,65
`
`0,95
`
`Cadmium on steel
`
`Magnesium,
`magnesium alloys
`Zinc, zinc alloys
`80 tinIZO zinc on steel,
`zinc on iron or steel
`Aluminium
`
`0,05 0,2
`
`0,3
`
`0.35 0.4
`
`1,0
`
`0,5
`
`0,55
`
`0,6
`
` 0
`
`0,65
`
`0,75
`
`0,65
`
`0,0
`
`0,05
`
`1,1
`
`1,15
`
`1,2
`
`1,25
`
`0.05 0.1
`
`0,2
`
`0,25
`
`0,3
`
`0,35
`
`0.45
`
`0,55
`
`0,6
`
`0,8
`
`0,85
`
`0,9
`
`0
`
`Cr = Chromium
`Ni = Nickel
`
`0,05 0,15 0,2
`0
`
`0,1
`
`0,15
`
`0,25
`
`0,3
`
`0.4
`
`0,5
`
`0,55
`
`0,6
`
`0,75 0,5
`
`0,05
`
`0,9
`
`0,2
`
`0,25
`
`0.35
`
`0,45
`
`0,5
`
`0,55
`
`0,7
`
`0,75
`
`0,8
`
`0,55
`
`Aluminiumfmagnesium
`allov
`Mild steel
`
`0
`
`0,05
`
`0,?
`
`0,15
`
`0,25
`
`0,35
`
`0,4
`
`0,45
`
`0,7
`
`0,75
`
`Duralumin
`
`0
`
`0.05
`
`0,1
`
`0,2
`
`0,3
`
`0,35
`
`0,4
`
`0.66
`
`0,7
`
`Lead
`
`0,05
`
`0,1
`
`5
`
`0,25
`
`0,3
`
`0,35
`
`01
`
`02
`
`025
`
`03
`
`0.1
`
`0,15
`
`0,2
`
`0,35 0,4
`
`0,05
`
`0,1
`
`0,25 0,3
`
`0,05
`
`0,2
`
`0.25
`
`01502
`
`0,65
`
`06
`
`0,5
`
`0,4
`
`0,35
`
`0 3
`
`0,15
`
`0,1
`
`0,05
`
`Chromium on steel, soft
`solder
`Cr on Ni on steel, tin on
`steel, 12 % Cr stainless
`steel
`High chromium
`stainless steel
`
`Copper, copper alloys
`Silver solder, austenitlc
`stainless steel
`Nickel on steel
`
`Silvet
`Rhodium on silver on
`copper, silverlgold alloy
`Carbon
`
`Gold, platinum
`
`Corrosion due to electrochemical action between dissémilar metals that are in contact is minimized if the combined
`electrochemical potential is below about 0.6 V, in the table the comiaioed electrochemical potentials are listed fot a
`number of pairs of metals in common use; combinations above the dividing line should be avoided.
`
`Page 276 of 680
`
`

`

`62368—1 © IEC:2014
`
`— 275 —
`
`Annex 0
`
`(normative)
`
`Measurement of creepage distances and clearances
`
`In the following Figures 0.1 to 0.20, the value oins given in Table 0.1. Where the distance
`shown is less than X,
`the depth of the gap or groove is disregarded when measuring a
`creepage distance.
`
`lfthe required minimum clearance is more than 3 mm, the value oins given in Table 0.1.
`
`lithe required minimum clearance is less than 3 mm, the value oins the smaller of:
`
`—
`
`e
`
`the relevant value in Table 0.1; or
`
`one third of the required minimum clearance.
`
`Table 0.1 — Value ofX
`
`
`Pollution degree
`
`(see 5.4.1.5)
`
`NOTE Throughout this annex, the following convention is used:
`
`— cEearance
`IIIZIZEIZI
`creepage distance path
`
`
`
`
`I I I I I I I I I“
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Condition: Path under consideration includes a parallel
`or converging-sided groove of any depth with width
`less than X mm.
`
`Rule: Creepage distance and clearance are measured
`directly across the groove.
`
`Figure 0.1 — Narrow groove
`
`
`
`sight" distance.
`of
`"line
`the
`is
`Rule: Clearance
`a
`includes
`consideration
`under
`Path
`Condition:
`parallelrsided groove of any depth, and equal
`to or Creepage distance path follows the contour of
`the
`more than Xmm wide.
`groove.
`
`Page 277 of 680
`
`

`

`— 276 —
`
`62368-1 © |EC:2014
`
`
`
`sight” distance.
`of
`"line
`the
`is
`Rule: Clearance
`a
`includes
`consideration
`under
`Path
`Condition:
`V-shaped groove with an internal angle of less than Creepage distance path follows the contour of
`the
`BB“ and a width greaterthanXmm.
`groove but "short~circuits" the bottom of the groove by
`Xmm link.
`
`Figure 0.3 — V-shaped groove
`
`Unconnected conductive part
`
`
`
` Fzztxofix’36z3i‘i’3iz3ze'
`
`
`
`
`%,¢¢,«¢.u«¢¢,¢
`
`
`
`
`
`distance with
`Insulation
`Condition:
`unconnected conductive part.
`
`intervening,
`
`the distance d+D, creepage
`Rule: Clearance is
`distance is aiso d+D. Where the value of d or D is
`smaller than X mm it shall be considered as zero.
`
`Figure 0.4 — lntervening unconnected conductive part
`
`
`
`Condition: Path under consideration includes a rib.
`
`Rule: Clearance is the shortest direct air path over the
`top of
`the rib. Creepage distance path follows the
`contour of the rib.
`
`Figure 0.5 — Rib
`
`—D
`
`WV‘WWV‘V‘
`
`3202020202929”
`
`an
`includes
`consideration
`under
`Path
`Condition:
`uncemented joint with grooves less than X mm wide on
`either side.
`
`Rule: Clearance and creepage distance path is the
`"line of sight" distance shown.
`
`Page 278 of 680
`
`

`

`62368-1 © |EC:2014
`
`— 277 —
`
`> X mm
`
`>Xmm
`
`
`.3024020202‘.
`
`
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`
`
`
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`
`
`
`
`sight" distance.
`the "line of
`Rule: Clearance is
`an
`includes
`consideration
`under
`Path
`Condition:
`uncemented joint with a groove equal
`to or more than Creepage distance path follows the contour of the
`X mm wide each side.
`groove.
`
`Figure 0.7 — Uncemented joint with wide groove
`
` IEC 0339/14
`
`an
`includes
`consideration
`under
`Path
`Condition:
`unoemented joint with grooves on one side less than
`X mm wide. and a groove on the other equal to or more
`than X mm wide.
`
`Rule: Clearance and creepage distance path are as
`shown,
`
`Figure 0.8 .. Uncemented joint with narrow and wide grooves
`
`
`
`
`
`‘ ~64»
`awe.
`
`«z...
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Gap between head of screw and wall of recess too narrow to be taken into account.
`
`Page 279 of 680
`
`

`

`— 278 _.
`
`62368—1 © |EC:20‘|4
`
`Where the gap between the head of the screw and the wall of recess is smaller than X mm the measurement
`creepage distance is made from the screw to the wall at the place where the distance is equal to Xmm.
`
`of
`
`Figure 0.9 — Narrow recess
`
`
`
`2Xl'l'lll'l
`
` nnnnnnn
`
`
`A-h43% o
`V
`"”349
`
`
`
`
`
`Gap between head of screw and wall of recess wide enough to be taken into account.
`
`Figure 0.10 — Wide recess
`
`Terminal pin
`Clearance
`according to 5.4.2
`
`
`Creepage distance
`according to 5.4.3
`
`
`
` W'
`
`a‘é“
`
`’0 99%.0
`“my,
`
`
`
`
`”we. .
`
`
`
`Po‘d
`
`Separation
`distance before
`coating according
`to 8.133 and
`Table (3.13
`
`Coating
`according to
`9133
`
`\
`
`Metal can
`
`{EC 0392/14
`
`Figure 0.11— Coating around terminals
`
`Page 280 of 680
`
`

`

`62368-1 © |EC:2014
`
`— 279 —
`
`Component pin
`
`.
`Coating
`
`Clearance according to 5.4.2
`
`Creepage distance according to 5.4.3
`
`Coating
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Copper track
`
`
`
`
`m
`
`
`36% was
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`4—D
`P'
`t d
`'
`'
`b t
`t
`nn 6 Wiring 5” 5 rs e
`
`Separation distance before
`coating according to (3.13.3 and
`Table 6.13
`
`{EC 0393/74
`
`Figure 0.12 — Coating over printed wiring
`
`Inside of equipment
`
`
`Internal conducticve part at
`E52 or E53
`n
`
`
`
`Outside of equipment
`
`Enclosure of insulating material
`
`Fictitious layer of metal foil
`.. ‘accessibie to test finger
`
`Point of contact
`
`
`
`Point of contact
`
`Inaccessible to test finger
`Point X is used for measurements of clearances and creepage distances
`from the outer surface of an enclosure of insulating material to and internal
`conductive part at E82 or E83
`
`IEC 03941”
`
`Figure 0.13 — Example of measurements in an enclosure of insulating material
`
`Page 281 of 680
`
`

`

`— 280 —
`
`62368-1 © |EC:2014
`
`
`
`Insulatinglaminate—----------------
`
`Insulating
`compound
`
`Conductive
`part 2
`
`tween
`“ ‘
`
`.l'EC 03.95/14
`
`Figure 0.14 — Cemented joints in multi-layer printed boards
`
`Distance throug