4/2/2021
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`Coil spring - Wikipedia
`
`Coil spring
`
`A tension coil spring
`
`A selection of conical coil springs
`
`A coil spring is a mechanical device which is typically used to store energy and subsequently release it,
`to absorb shock, or to maintain a force between contacting surfaces. They are made of an elastic material
`formed into the shape of a helix which returns to its natural length when unloaded.
`
`Under tension or compression, the material (wire) of a coil spring undergoes torsion. The spring
`characteristics therefore depend on the shear modulus, not Young's Modulus.
`
`A coil spring may also be used as a torsion spring: in this case the spring as a whole is subjected to
`torsion about its helical axis. The material of the spring is thereby subjected to a bending moment, either
`reducing or increasing the helical radius. In this mode, it is the Young's Modulus of the material that
`determines the spring characteristics.
`
`Metal coil springs are made by winding a wire around a shaped former - a cylinder is used to form
`cylindrical coil springs.
`
`Coil springs for vehicles are typically made of hardened steel. A machine called an auto-coiler takes
`spring wire that has been heated so it can easily be shaped. It is then fed onto a lathe that has a metal rod
`with the desired coil spring size. The machine takes the wire and guides it onto the spinning rod as well
`as pushing it across the rod to form multiple coils. The spring is then ejected from the machine and an
`operator will put it in oil to cool off. The spring is then tempered to lose the brittleness from being
`cooled. The coil size and strength can be controlled by the lathe rod size and material used. Different
`alloys are used to get certain characteristics out of the spring, such as stiffness, dampening and strength
`[1]
`
`Contents
`
`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coil_spring
`
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`Coil spring - Wikipedia
`
`Coil spring
`
`A tension coil spring
`
`A selection of conical coil springs
`
`A coil spring is a mechanical device which is typically used to store energy and subsequently release it,
`to absorb shock, or to maintain a force between contacting surfaces. They are made of an elastic material
`formed into the shape of a helix which returns to its natural length when unloaded.
`
`Under tension or compression, the material (wire) of a coil spring undergoes torsion. The spring
`characteristics therefore depend on the shear modulus, not Young's Modulus.
`
`A coil spring may also be used as a torsion spring: in this case the spring as a whole is subjected to
`torsion about its helical axis. The material of the spring is thereby subjected to a bending moment, either
`reducing or increasing the helical radius. In this mode, it is the Young's Modulus of the material that
`determines the spring characteristics.
`
`Metal coil springs are made by winding a wire around a shaped former - a cylinder is used to form
`cylindrical coil springs.
`
`Coil springs for vehicles are typically made of hardened steel. A machine called an auto-coiler takes
`spring wire that has been heated so it can easily be shaped. It is then fed onto a lathe that has a metal rod
`with the desired coil spring size. The machine takes the wire and guides it onto the spinning rod as well
`as pushing it across the rod to form multiple coils. The spring is then ejected from the machine and an
`operator will put it in oil to cool off. The spring is then tempered to lose the brittleness from being
`cooled. The coil size and strength can be controlled by the lathe rod size and material used. Different
`alloys are used to get certain characteristics out of the spring, such as stiffness, dampening and strength
`[1]
`
`Contents
`
`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coil_spring
`
`GHD
`1024
`
`1/4
`
`Page 1 of 4 (PGR2021-00078)
`G&H DIVERSIFIED MANUFACTURING, LP
`v.
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`Coil spring - Wikipedia
`
`4/2/2021
`Spring rate
`Variants
`Applications
`See also
`References
`External links
`
`Spring rate
`
`Spring rate is the measurement of how much a coil spring can hold
`until it compresses 1 inch. The spring rate is normally specified by
`the manufacture. If a spring has a rate of 100 then the spring would
`compress 1 inch with 100lbs of load.[2]
`Variants
`
`Types of coil spring are:
`
`Illustration of various arc springs
`and arc spring systems (systems
`consisting of inner and outer arc
`springs).
`
`Tension/extension coil springs, designed to resist stretching.
`They usually have a hook or eye form at each end for
`attachment.
`Compression coil springs, designed to resist being compressed.
`A typical use for compression coil springs is in car suspension
`systems.
`Volute springs are used as heavy load compression springs.
`A strip of plate is rolled into the shape of both a helix and a
`spiral. When compressed, the strip is stiffer edge-on than a
`wire coil, but the spiral arrangement allows the turns to
`overlap rather than bottoming out on each other.
`Arc springs (bow springs) are a special form of coil spring which was originally developed for use
`in the dual-mass flywheel of internal combustion engine drive trains. The force is applied through
` can be transmitted around an axis via the force
`the ends of the spring. A torque
`directed along this helical axis and the lever arm to the system center point .
`Torsion springs, designed to resist twisting actions. Often associated to clothes pegs or up-and-over
`garage doors.
`
`Volute spring suspension on an M4
`Sherman tank
`
`Applications
`
`Coil springs have many applications; notable ones include:
`
`Buckling springs in computer keyboards
`Mattress coils in innerspring mattresses
`Upholstery coil springs in upholstery
`Coil springs in Car Suspension
`
`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coil_spring
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`Coil spring - Wikipedia
`Coil springs are commonly used in vehicle suspension. These springs are compression
`springs and can differ greatly in strength and in size depending on application. A coil spring
`suspension can be stiff to soft depending on the vehicle it is used on. Coil spring can be
`either mounted with a shock absorber or mounted separately. Coil springs in trucks allow
`them to ride smoothly when unloaded and once loaded the spring compresses and becomes
`stiff. This allows the vehicle to bounce less when loaded. Coil spring suspension is also used
`high performance cars so that the car can absorb bumps and have low body roll. In off-road
`vehicles they are used because of their range of travel they allow at the wheel.
`
`Coil springs in the engine
`
`Coil springs are used in the engine. These springs are compression springs and play an
`important role in closing the valves that feed air and let exhaust gasses out of the combustion
`chamber. The spring is attached to a rocker that is connected to the valve.
`
`spring
`Coil
`valvetrain
`
`in
`
`Tension and extension coil springs of a given material, wire diameter and coil diameter exert the same
`force when fully loaded; increased number of coils merely (linearly) increases free length and
`compressed/extended length.
`See also
`
`Bogie
`Leaf spring
`Shock absorber
`Spring (device)
`Timmis system, an early form of coil spring used on railway axles.
`
`References
`
`1. "How Springs Are Made" (https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/machinery-tools-supplies/how-are-spri
`ngs-made). Thomas. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
`2. "Street Performance & Racing Spring Rate Tech" (https://www.qa1.net/technical-support/street-perfor
`mance-racing-spring-rate-tech). QA1. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
`
`External links
`
`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coil_spring
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`Coil spring - Wikipedia
`4/2/2021
`Helical Spring (http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/HelicalSpring/) by Sándor Kabai at The Wolfram
`Demonstrations Project.
`Institute of Spring Technology (http://www.ist.org.uk)
`Spring Manufacturers Institute (http://www.smihq.org)
`[1] (https://web.archive.org/web/20130918155928/http://home.earthlink.net/~bazillion/intro.html),
`tutorial by Dave Silberstein.
`"You Spring From Morning To Night" , April 1949, Popular Science (https://books.google.com/books?
`id=eSQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA2-PA159&dq=popular+science+1949+%22One+Engine+Keeps+It+Flyi
`ng%22&hl=en&ei=yfTgTOvnHND8ngepy4D6Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0
`CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=true) article on the basics of steel coil springs manufacturing.
`
`Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coil_spring&oldid=1011665318"
`
`This page was last edited on 12 March 2021, at 04:04 (UTC).
`Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site,
`you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a
`non-profit organization.
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