UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`NXP USA, Inc.,
`Petitioner
`
`v.
`
`Impinj, Inc.,
`Patent Owner
`
`U.S. Patent No. 10,929,734
`Issue Date: February 23, 2021
`Title: RFID Tag Clock Frequency Reduction During Tuning
`
`DECLARATION OF DANIEL VAN DER WEIDE, PH.D.
`
`NXP EX 1003
`NXP v. Impinj
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`Page
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`Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 
`Qualifications ..................................................................................................................... 1 
`Legal Standards .................................................................................................................. 3 
`Bases of Opinions and Materials Considered .................................................................... 5 
`Summary of My Opinions ................................................................................................. 6 
`U.S. Patent No. 10,929,734................................................................................................ 7 
`A.
`Overview ................................................................................................................ 7 
`B.
`File History .......................................................................................................... 11 
`C.
`Claims 1-7, 13, And 20 Have Priority Dates No Earlier Than August 6,
`2015...................................................................................................................... 11 
`VII. Technology background ................................................................................................... 14 
`VIII. Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art .................................................................................. 17 
`IX.
`Claim Construction .......................................................................................................... 17 
`X.
`Overview of Monza R6 .................................................................................................... 18 
`XI.
`Overview of Magnus ........................................................................................................ 25 
`XII. Overview of Moore .......................................................................................................... 31 
`XIII. Overview of Naguleswaran .............................................................................................. 35 
`XIV. Claims 1, 2, 4-7, 13, And 20 Are Obvious Over Monza R6 ............................................ 38 
`A.
`Independent Claim 1 ............................................................................................ 38 
`
`Preamble: “A Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) integrated
`circuit (IC) comprising:” .......................................................................... 38 
`Element 1: “an antenna port configured to be coupled to an
`antenna and a variable impedance;” ........................................................ 40 
`Elements 2 and 3: “a first oscillator configured to provide a first
`clock frequency” and “a second oscillator configured to provide a
`second clock frequency” .......................................................................... 43 
`Element 4: “a tuning circuit coupled to and configured to tune the
`variable impedance” ................................................................................. 45 
`Element 5: “wherein the IC is configured to: determine that tuning
`of the variable impedance is to occur;” .................................................... 50 
`Element 6: “select the first oscillator to use for the tuning;” ................... 51 
`-i-
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`I.
`II.
`III.
`IV.
`V.
`VI.
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`(b)
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`(c)
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`(d)
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`Element 7: “extract a first power from an RF wave incident on the
`antenna insufficient for the IC to fully operate;” ..................................... 54 
`Element 8: “cause the tuning circuit to tune, using the first clock
`frequency from the first oscillator, the variable impedance to
`increase the power extracted from the RF wave; and” ............................ 55 
`Element 9: “after the tuning circuit tunes the variable impedance:
`extract a second power from the RF wave sufficient for the IC to
`fully operate;” .......................................................................................... 56 
`Elements 10 and 11: “select the second oscillator to use for IC
`operation; and operate using the second clock frequency from the
`second oscillator.” .................................................................................... 57 
`Dependent Claim 2 .............................................................................................. 61 
`Dependent Claim 4 .............................................................................................. 62 
`Dependent Claim 5 .............................................................................................. 62 
`Dependent Claims 6 and 7 ................................................................................... 63 
`Dependent Claim 13 ............................................................................................ 65 
`
`Independent Claim 8 ................................................................................ 65 
`(a)
`Preamble: “A Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
`integrated circuit (IC) comprising:” ............................................. 65 
`Element 1: “an antenna port configured to be coupled to an
`antenna and a variable impedance; and” ...................................... 66 
`Element 2: “a tuning circuit coupled to and configured to
`tune the variable impedance” ....................................................... 66 
`Element 3: “wherein the IC is configured to: upon power-
`up, determine that tuning of the variable impedance is to
`occur and select a first clock frequency to use during the
`tuning;” ........................................................................................ 66 
`Element 4: “extract a first power from an RF wave incident
`on the antenna;” ........................................................................... 67 
`Element 5: “cause the tuning circuit to tune, using the first
`clock frequency, the variable impedance to increase the
`power extracted from the RF wave; and” .................................... 67 
`
`(e)
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`(f)
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`-ii-
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`B.
`C.
`D.
`E.
`F.
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`G.
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`(g)
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`(h)
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`(b)
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`(c)
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`(d)
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`Element 6: “after the tuning circuit tunes the variable
`impedance: extract a second power from the RF wave
`higher than the first power;” ........................................................ 67 
`Element 7: “select a second clock frequency higher than the
`first clock frequency to use for IC operation; and” ...................... 68 
`Element 8: “operate using the second clock frequency.” ............ 68 
`(i)
`Features Added In Claim 13 .................................................................... 68 
`
`Dependent Claim 20 ............................................................................................ 69 
`
`Independent Claim 15 .............................................................................. 69 
`(a)
`Preamble: “A Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
`integrated circuit (IC) comprising:” ............................................. 69 
`Element 1: “an antenna port configured to be coupled to an
`antenna and a variable impedance; and” ...................................... 69 
`Element 2: “a tuning circuit coupled to and configured to
`tune the variable impedance;” ...................................................... 70 
`Element 3: “wherein the IC is configured to: upon power-
`up, extract a first power from an RF wave incident on the
`antenna insufficient for the IC to fully operate and
`determine that tuning of the variable impedance is to
`occur;” .......................................................................................... 70 
`Element 4: “while extracting the first power and operating
`at a first clock frequency sufficient for the tuning circuit to
`tune the variable impedance, cause the tuning circuit to
`tune the variable impedance to increase the power extracted
`from the RF wave; and” ............................................................... 71 
`Element 5: “after the tuning circuit tunes the variable
`impedance, operate at a second clock frequency different
`than the first clock frequency and extract a second power
`from the RF wave sufficient for the IC to fully operate.” ............ 73 
`Features Added In Claim 20 .................................................................... 73 
`
`XV. Claims 1, 2, 4-9, 11-16, And 18-20 Are Obvious Over Magnus ..................................... 73 
`A.
`Independent Claim 1 ............................................................................................ 74 
`
`Preamble: “A Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) integrated
`circuit (IC) comprising:” .......................................................................... 74 
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`(e)
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`(f)
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`Element 1: “an antenna port configured to be coupled to an
`antenna and a variable impedance;” ........................................................ 74 
`Elements 2 and 3: “a first oscillator configured to provide a first
`clock frequency” and “a second oscillator configured to provide a
`second clock frequency” .......................................................................... 81 
`Element 4: “a tuning circuit coupled to and configured to tune the
`variable impedance” ................................................................................. 91 
`Element 5: “wherein the IC is configured to: determine that tuning
`of the variable impedance is to occur;” .................................................... 92 
`Element 6: “select the first oscillator to use for the tuning;” ................... 93 
`Element 7: “extract a first power from an RF wave incident on the
`antenna insufficient for the IC to fully operate;” ..................................... 95 
`Element 8: “cause the tuning circuit to tune, using the first clock
`frequency from the first oscillator, the variable impedance to
`increase the power extracted from the RF wave; and” ............................ 97 
`Element 9: “after the tuning circuit tunes the variable impedance:
`extract a second power from the RF wave sufficient for the IC to
`fully operate;” .......................................................................................... 97 
`Elements 10 and 11: “select the second oscillator to use for IC
`operation; and operate using the second clock frequency from the
`second oscillator.” .................................................................................... 98 
`Dependent Claim 2 ............................................................................................ 100 
`Dependent Claim 4 ............................................................................................ 101 
`Dependent Claim 5 ............................................................................................ 102 
`Dependent Claim 6 ............................................................................................ 102 
`Dependent Claim 7 ............................................................................................ 103 
`Independent Claim 8 .......................................................................................... 103 
`
`Element 3: “wherein the IC is configured to: upon power-up,
`determine that tuning of the variable impedance is to occur and
`select a first clock frequency to use during the tuning;” ........................ 104 
`Element 7: “select a second clock frequency higher than the first
`clock frequency to use for IC operation; and” ....................................... 104 
`Independent Claim 15 ........................................................................................ 105 
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`B.
`C.
`D.
`E.
`F.
`G.
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`Element 3: “upon power-up, extract a first power from an RF wave
`incident on the antenna insufficient for the IC to fully operate and
`determine that tuning of the variable impedance is to occur;” .............. 105 
`Element 4: “while extracting the first power and operating at a first
`clock frequency sufficient for the tuning circuit to tune the variable
`impedance, cause the tuning circuit to tune the variable impedance
`to increase the power extracted from the RF wave; and” ...................... 106 
`Dependent Claims 9, 11-14, 16, And 18-20 ...................................................... 107 
`I.
`XVI. Claims 1-20 Are Obvious Over Moore In View Of Naguleswaran ............................... 108 
`A.
`Reasons To Combine Moore And Naguleswaran .............................................. 108 
`B.
`Independent Claim 1 .......................................................................................... 113 
`
`Preamble: “A Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) integrated
`circuit (IC) comprising:” ........................................................................ 113 
`Element 1: “an antenna port configured to be coupled to an
`antenna and a variable impedance;” ...................................................... 115 
`Elements 2 and 3: “a first oscillator configured to provide a first
`clock frequency” and “a second oscillator configured to provide a
`second clock frequency” ........................................................................ 118 
`Element 4: “a tuning circuit coupled to and configured to tune the
`variable impedance” ............................................................................... 121 
`Element 5: “wherein the IC is configured to: determine that tuning
`of the variable impedance is to occur;” .................................................. 126 
`Element 6: “select the first oscillator to use for the tuning;” ................. 128 
`Element 7: “extract a first power from an RF wave incident on the
`antenna insufficient for the IC to fully operate;” ................................... 129 
`Element 8: “cause the tuning circuit to tune, using the first clock
`frequency from the first oscillator, the variable impedance to
`increase the power extracted from the RF wave; and” .......................... 131 
`Element 9: “after the tuning circuit tunes the variable impedance:
`extract a second power from the RF wave sufficient for the IC to
`fully operate;” ........................................................................................ 132 
`Elements 10 and 11: “select the second oscillator to use for IC
`operation; and operate using the second clock frequency from the
`second oscillator.” .................................................................................. 134 
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`(continued)
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`Page
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`C.
`D.
`E.
`F.
`G.
`H.
`I.
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`J.
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`Dependent Claim 2 ............................................................................................ 136 
`Dependent Claim 3 ............................................................................................ 138 
`Dependent Claim 4 ............................................................................................ 139 
`Dependent Claim 5 ............................................................................................ 139 
`Dependent Claim 6 ............................................................................................ 140 
`Dependent Claim 7 ............................................................................................ 141 
`Independent Claim 8 .......................................................................................... 142 
`
`Element 3: “wherein the IC is configured to: upon power-up,
`determine that tuning of the variable impedance is to occur and
`select a first clock frequency to use during the tuning;” ........................ 143 
`Element 7: “select a second clock frequency higher than the first
`clock frequency to use for IC operation; and” ....................................... 143 
`Independent Claim 15 ........................................................................................ 144 
`
`Element 3: “wherein the IC is configured to: upon power-up,
`extract a first power from an RF wave incident on the antenna
`insufficient for the IC to fully operate and determine that tuning of
`the variable impedance is to occur;” ...................................................... 144 
`Element 4: “while extracting the first power and operating at a first
`clock frequency sufficient for the tuning circuit to tune the variable
`impedance, cause the tuning circuit to tune the variable impedance
`to increase the power extracted from the RF wave; and” ...................... 145 
`Dependent Claims 9-14 And 16-20 ................................................................... 146 
`K.
`XVII. Claim 3 Is Obvious Over Monza R6 In View Of Moore ............................................... 147 
`XVIII. Claims 3, 10, And 17 Are Obvious Over Magnus In View Of Moore .......................... 149 
`XIX. Secondary Considerations .............................................................................................. 150 
`XX. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 151 
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`I.
`
`1.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`I, Daniel van der Weide, Ph.D., make this declaration on behalf of NXP
`
`USA, Inc. in connection with NXP’s petition for post-grant review (PGR) of U.S.
`
`Patent No. 10,929,734 (“‘734 patent”) assigned to Impinj, Inc.
`
`2.
`
`I make this declaration based on my personal knowledge. I am over the age
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`of twenty-one and competent to make this declaration. The statements in this
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`declaration include my opinions, and the bases for those opinions, regarding the
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`‘734 patent.
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`3.
`
`I have been asked by NXP to provide my opinion as to whether the claims of
`
`the ‘734 patent were disclosed in certain products and patents that are prior art to
`
`the ‘734 patent. This declaration contains my opinions and explains how I arrived
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`at those opinions.
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`4.
`
`I am being compensated for my work on this matter at my standard hourly
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`rate of $600. My compensation is in no way dependent on the outcome of this
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`PGR. The opinions expressed in this declaration are my own.
`
`II. QUALIFICATIONS
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`5.
`
`I am qualified by education and experience to testify as an expert in the field
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`of radio-frequency identification (RFID). A copy of my curriculum vitae detailing
`
`my education and experience is filed as an exhibit (Ex. 1004) in this proceeding.
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`Additionally, the following overview of my background pertains to my
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`qualifications for providing expert testimony in this matter.
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`6.
`
`I am a Full Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer
`
`Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. I received my Bachelor of
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`Science Degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Iowa in 1987; my
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`Master of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University in
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`1990; and my Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from Stanford in 1993. I
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`teach several courses in my area of expertise, which includes high-frequency
`
`electrical measurement and communications systems and advanced high-frequency
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`circuit design and measurement. Specifically, I perform research on digital radio
`
`and communications systems ranging from RFID tags to lightwave transceivers,
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`with emphasis on wireless circuits, antennas, and microwave communications. My
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`work in RFID has been supported by the National Science Foundation as well as
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`local industries such as Berntsen and Terso.
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`7.
`
`I have published results of my work in several peer-reviewed journals and
`
`presented my findings at recognized conferences. Some representative publications
`
`are: M. Martinez and D. van der Weide, “Compact single-layer depolarizing
`
`chipless RFID tag,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., 58, 1897–1900 (2016); H. Y.
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`Chen, A. S. Bhadkamkar, T. H. Chou, and D. W. van der Weide, “Vector
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`backscattered signals improve piggyback modulation for sensing with passive UHF
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`RFID tags,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 59, pp.
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`3538-3545 (2011); Chih-Chuan Yen, Gutierrez, A. E., Veeramani, D., and van der
`
`Weide, D. (2007). Radar cross-section analysis of backscattering RFID tags. IEEE
`
`Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 6(1), 279-81 (2007); H. Y. Chen, Y.
`
`W. Mak, S. Bae, A. Bhadkamkar, and D. W. van der Weide, “Wireless impedance
`
`measurement of UHF RFID tag chips,” in IEEE MTT-S International Microwave
`
`Symposium Digest (MTT), 2012, pp. 1-3; H. Y. Chen, S. Bae, A. Bhadkamkar, Y.
`
`W. Mak, and D. W. van der Weide, “Coupling passive sensors to UHF RFID tags,”
`
`in IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS), 2012, pp. 255-258; Chih-Chuan
`
`Yen, Dharmaraj Veeramani, Alfonso E. Gutierrez, and D.W. van der Weide,
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`“RFID Tag Reading Effects of Cylindrical Conductive Packages,” Proceedings of
`
`the 36th European Microwave Conference, pp. 733-736, Sept. 2006.
`
`III. LEGAL STANDARDS
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`8.
`
`I have been asked to provide my opinion as to whether certain claims of the
`
`‘734 patent would have been obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the art at the
`
`time of the invention in view of the prior art.
`
`9.
`
`I am an engineer by training and profession. The opinions I am expressing
`
`in this report involve the application of my knowledge and experience to the
`
`evaluation of certain prior art with respect to the ‘734 patent. I have requested the
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`attorneys from Jones Day, who represent NXP, to provide me with guidance as to
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`the applicable law in this matter. The paragraphs below express my understanding
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`of how I must apply current principles related to patent validity to my analysis.
`
`10.
`
`It is my understanding that in determining whether a patent claim is obvious
`
`in view of the prior art, the Patent Office must apply the Phillips standard to
`
`construe the claim by giving the claim its plain and ordinary meaning, consistent
`
`with the specification and prosecution history.
`
`11.
`
`It is my understanding that a claim is unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 103 if
`
`the claimed subject matter as a whole would have been obvious to a person of
`
`ordinary skill in the art at the time of the invention. I also understand that an
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`obviousness analysis takes into account the scope and content of the prior art, the
`
`differences between the claimed subject matter and the prior art, and the level of
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`ordinary skill in the art at the time of the invention.
`
`12.
`
`In determining the scope and content of the prior art, it is my understanding
`
`that a reference is considered analogous prior art if it falls within the field of the
`
`inventor’s endeavor. In addition, a reference is analogous prior art if it is
`
`reasonably pertinent to the particular problem with which the inventor was
`
`involved. A reference is reasonably pertinent if it logically would have
`
`commended itself to an inventor’s attention in considering his problem. If a
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`reference relates to the same problem as the claimed invention, that supports use of
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`the reference as prior art in an obviousness analysis.
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`13. To assess the differences between prior art and the claimed subject matter, it
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`is my understanding that 35 U.S.C. § 103 requires the claimed invention to be
`
`considered as a whole. This “as a whole” assessment requires showing that one of
`
`ordinary skill in the art at the time of invention would have selected the elements
`
`from the prior art and combined them in the claimed manner.
`
`14.
`
`It is my further understanding that the Supreme Court has recognized several
`
`rationales for combining references or modifying a reference to show obviousness
`
`of claimed subject matter. Some of these rationales include: combining prior art
`
`elements according to known methods to yield predictable results; simple
`
`substitution of one known element for another to obtain predictable results; a
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`predictable use of prior art elements according to their established functions;
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`applying a known technique to a known device (method or product) ready for
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`improvement to yield predictable results; choosing from a finite number of
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`identified, predictable solutions, with a reasonable expectation of success; and
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`some teaching, suggestion, or motivation in the prior art that would have led one of
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`ordinary skill in the art to modify the prior art reference or to combine prior art
`
`reference teachings to arrive at the claimed invention.
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`IV. BASES OF OPINIONS AND MATERIALS CONSIDERED
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`15. My opinions are based on my review the ‘734 patent (Ex. 1001), the
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`prosecution history of the ‘734 patent (Ex. 1002), and the following materials:
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` U.S. Provisional App. No. 62/035,305 (Ex. 1007);
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` U.S. Patent No. 10,002,266 (Ex. 1008);
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` Impinj Monza R6 Tag Chip Datasheet (“R6 Datasheet”) (Ex. 1009);
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` Science Vision Circuit Analysis Report
`
` – Monza R6 Tag Chip
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`(“R6 Circuit Report”) (Ex. 1010);
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` Magnus RFID Tag Chip Datasheet (Ex. 1014);
`
` Magnus Tuning Block Documentation (Ex. 1015);
`
` Magnus Circuit Schematics (Ex. 1016);
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` Magnus Testing Documentation (Ex. 1017);
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` U.S. Patent No. 8,242,911 (“Moore”) (Ex. 1018);
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` U.S. Patent No. 6,104,290 (“Naguleswaran”) (Ex. 1019);
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` Webster’s New World Dictionary of Computer Terms (3d ed., 1988)
`
`(Ex. 1022); and
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` Any other materials referenced below.
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`V.
`
`SUMMARY OF MY OPINIONS
`
`16. Monza R6 renders claims 1, 2, 4-7, 13, and 20 of the ‘734 patent obvious.
`
`17. Magnus renders claims 1, 2, 4-9, 11-16, and 18-20 of the ‘734 patent
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`obvious.
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`18. Moore in view of Naguleswaran renders claims 1-20 of the ‘734 patent
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`obvious.
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`19. Monza R6 in view of Moore renders claim 3 of the ‘734 patent obvious.
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`20. Magnus in view of Moore renders claims 3, 10, and 17 of the ‘734 patent
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`obvious.
`
`VI. U.S. PATENT NO. 10,929,734
`A. Overview
`
`21. The ‘734 patent describes tuning a variable impedance of an RFID IC to
`
`increase power extraction from a received RF wave. Figure 4 of the ‘734 patent
`
`depicts an RFID IC 424 including “a rectifier and PMU (Power Management Unit)
`
`441 that harvests energy from [an] RF signal” transmitted by a reader (Ex. 1001 at
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`6:57-61):
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`Id. at Fig. 4. The RFID IC 424 communicates with the reader “according to a
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`protocol, such as the Gen2 Specification.” Id. at 3:22-30, 8:9-12, 8:15-23.
`
`22. To maximize the power that can be extracted from the received RF signal,
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`the ‘734 patent describes RFID ICs having a tuning circuit 620 and a tuning
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`element 622 (id. at 8:49-62):
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`Id. at Fig. 6. “[T]he impedance of tuning element 622 … [is] adjusted using tuning
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`circuit 620.” Id. at 9:28-30. By adjusting the impedance of the tuning element
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`622, the input impedance of the IC can be matched to the antenna impedance,
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`“thereby maximizing” the power extracted from the received RF signal. Id. at
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`8:28-31. The “tuning circuit 620 is operable at an RF power level lower than that
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`needed to operate the rest of the tag IC.” Id. at 10:10-12.
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`23. The RFID IC “operate[s] at a relatively low clock frequency during the
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`impedance matching tuning process,” whereas “a relatively high clock frequency”
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`is used when the IC is communicating with the reader according to a protocol. Id.
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`at 14:15-35. Clock frequency is “directly related to IC power consumption,” so the
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`use of the relatively low clock frequency during the tuning process “make[s] more
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`power available for the tuning process due to lower power consumption by other
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`IC components.” Id. at 14:36-45. To generate the different clock frequencies, the
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`‘734 patent states that the RFID IC can include “one or more oscillators.” Id. at
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`6:57-7:5.
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`24. Figure 13 depicts “a process 1300 for operating a tag IC at a low clock
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`frequency during an RFID tuning phase” (id. at 16:55-57, 18:16-20):
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`25.
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`“[A]t step 1302, … the IC determines that impedance matching tuning is to
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`be performed.” Id. at 16:57-67. At step 1304, the IC enters a tuning phase and
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`reduces its clock frequency. Id. at 17:1-4. Tuning starts at step 1306, and the IC
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`checks whether tuning is complete at step 1308. Id. at 17:40-49. If tuning is
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`complete, at step 1310, “the IC may exit the tuning phase and increase its current
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`clock frequency to a desired operating clock frequency … to enter a protocol phase
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`in which it receives and responds to reader commands according to a protocol.”
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`Id. at 17:51-56.
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`B.
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`File History
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`26. Application No. 16/597,866, which later issued as the ‘734 patent, was
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`originally filed on October 10, 2019, with 20 claims. Ex. 1002 at 1-55. In a Non-
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`Final Office Action dated January 8, 2020, all pending claims were rejected on the
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`bases of statutory and non-statutory double-patenting. Id. at 90-97. In response,
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`Applicant canceled pending claims 1-20 and filed new claims 21-40. Id. at 112-15.
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`27.
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`In a Final Office Action dated July 10, 2020, the Office rejected claims 21-
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`40 on the basis of non-statutory double patenting. Id. at 118-24. The claims were
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`not otherwise rejected, and the Office stated that claims 21-40 would be allowable
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`if a terminal disclaimer was filed to overcome the double-patenting rejection. Id.
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`at 122. Applicant filed a terminal disclaimer (id. at 129-30), and the Office issued
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`a Notice of Allowance (id. at 148-53).
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`C. Claims 1-7, 13, And 20 Have Priority Dates No Earlier Than
`August 6, 2015
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`28. The ‘734 patent claims priority to U.S. Provisional No. 62/035,305 (“the
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`provisional application,” Ex. 1007) filed August 8, 2014. However, claims 1-7, 13,
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`and 20 of the ‘734 patent require “a first oscillator configured to provide a first
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`clock frequency” and “a second oscillator configured to provide a second clock
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`frequency,” yet the provisional application does not describe first and second
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`oscillators that generate different frequencies.
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`29. The provisional application includes only seven (7) paragraphs and one
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`figure (see Ex. 1007 at 14-16) that describe the alleged invention of the ‘734
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`patent.
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`Id. at 33.
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`30. These seven paragraphs and the figure above disclose the concept of an IC
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`increasing or decreasing its clock frequency based on whether tuning is being
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`performed. The provisional application provides no disclosure of any structures or
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`components used in achieving the different clock frequencies, and therefore no
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`description of “a first oscillator configured to provide a first clock frequency” and
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`“a second oscillator configured to provide a second clock frequency” as required
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`by claims 1-7, 13, and 20 of the ‘734 patent. None of the limitations highlighted
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`below, all of which involve the first and second oscillators, is supported by the
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`provisional application:
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`31.
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`Impinj’s subsequent non-provisional application directed to the alleged
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`invention added a significant amount of disclosure that was not included in the
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`provisional application. That non-provisional application eventually issued as U.S.
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`Patent No. 10,002,266 (“the ’266 patent,” Ex. 1008), and it was filed on August 6,
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`2015.
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`32. The new disclosure that was added in the non-provisional application
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`described that the IC’s clock frequency may be altered by (i) adjusting a single
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`oscillator, or (ii) “[i]n other embodiments, the IC may include at least two
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`oscillators, one of which provides a clock signal with relatively low (‘reduced’)
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