USOO8242911 B2
`
`(12) United States Patent
`M00re et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 8.242,911 B2
`* Aug. 14, 2012
`
`(54)
`
`(75)
`
`(73)
`(*)
`
`(21)
`(22)
`(65)
`
`(63)
`
`(60)
`
`(51)
`
`(52)
`
`COMPOSITE MULTIPLE RFID TAG
`FACILITY
`
`Inventors: Larry Moore, Boston, MA (US); Steve
`Beckhardt, Boston, MA (US); David
`Puleston, Duluth, GA (US); Robert W.
`Hamlin, Monroe, CT (US); Leonid
`Mats, Pittsburgh, PA (US)
`Assignee: Tego Inc., Waltham, MA (US)
`Notice:
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`This patent is Subject to a terminal dis
`claimer.
`
`Appl. No.: 12/393,863
`Filed:
`Feb. 26, 2009
`
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2009/0289776A1
`Nov. 26, 2009
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`Continuation-in-part of application No. 1 1/926,033,
`filed on Oct. 28, 2007, and a continuation-in-part of
`application No. 1 1/609,277, filed on Dec. 11, 2006.
`Provisional application No. 61/031,590, filed on Feb.
`26, 2008, provisional application No. 61/119,595,
`filed on Dec. 3, 2008.
`
`Int. C.
`(2006.01)
`G08B I3/14
`(2006.01)
`H04Q5/22
`(2006.01)
`GITC 700
`U.S. Cl. ................. 340/572.1; 340/572.8; 340/10.1;
`340/10.4; 340/10.51:34.0/10.3: 365/192:
`365/18914
`
`(58) Field of Classification Search ................. 340/10.1,
`340/10.42
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
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`Primary Examiner — Daniel Wu
`Assistant Examiner — Pameshanand Mahase
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — GTC Law Group LLP &
`Affiliates; John A. Monocello, III
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`In embodiments of the present invention improved capabili
`ties are described for a composite RFID tag, where the com
`posite RFID tag may include a plurality of individual tags that
`are arranged to respond to a reader as one tag.
`
`8 Claims, 35 Drawing Sheets
`
`152
`
`N
`
`NETWORK
`
`C
`
`t
`
`DATA
`
`1.1
`
`APPLICATION
`SERVERS
`
`MARKETS
`
`1
`
`148
`
`e
`
`SENSORS
`
`A.
`
`NODE
`104.
`
`NODE
`104.
`
`NODE
`104
`
`COMM
`FACILITY
`
`NODENODE
`104
`104
`
`NODE N
`104. / 158
`
`134
`
`COMPUTER!
`SERVER
`
`and 1
`READER Y
`140 1
`
`
`
`/ 138
`
`t ** TAG -
`III
`
`102
`
`NXP EX 1018
`NXP v. Impinj
`Page 1
`
`

`

`US 8,242.911 B2
`Page 2
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`
`NXP EX 1018
`NXP v. Impinj
`Page 2
`
`

`

`US 8,242.911 B2
`Page 3
`
`ISA, International Search Report and Written Opinion, for US Patent
`Application No. PCT/US06/061882, mailed on Dec. 18, 2007.
`Extended European Search Report and Written Opinion, for Euro
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`* cited by examiner
`
`NXP EX 1018
`NXP v. Impinj
`Page 3
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug.14, 2012
`
`Sheet 1 of 35
`
`US 8,242,911 B2
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
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`Aug. 14, 2012
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`Sheet 2 of 35
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`NXP EX 1018
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`Page 5
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`

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`Aug. 14, 2012
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`Sheet 3 of 35
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`US 8,242,911 B2
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`NXP EX 1018
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 14, 2012
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`Sheet 4 of 35
`
`US 8,242,911 B2
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`FIG. IC
`
`NXP EX 1018
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`Page 7
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`U.S. Patent
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`Aug. 14, 2012
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`Sheet 5 Of 35
`
`US 8,242,911 B2
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`NXP EX 1018
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`U.S. Patent
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`Aug. 14, 2012
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`Sheet 6 of 35
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`US 8,242,911 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Aug. 14, 2012
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`US 8,242,911 B2
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`Page 10
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`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
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`Aug. 14, 2012
`Aug.14, 2012
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`Sheet 8 Of 35
`Sheet 8 of 35
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`US 8,242,911 B2
`US 8,242,911 B2
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`NXP EX 1018
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`U.S. Patent
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`Aug. 14, 2012
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`Sheet 9 Of 35
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`US 8,242,911 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Aug. 14, 2012
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`Sheet 10 Of 35
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`US 8,242,911 B2
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`Aug. 14, 2012
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`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
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`Aug. 14, 2012
`Aug.14, 2012
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`Sheet 12 Of 35
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`US 8,242,911 B2
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`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
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`Aug. 14, 2012
`Aug.14, 2012
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`Sheet 13 Of 35
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`US 8,242,911 B2
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`US 8,242,911 B2
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`Aug. 14, 2012
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`Aug. 14, 2012
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`Aug. 14, 2012
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`Aug. 14, 2012
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`Sheet 27 of 35
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`US 8,242,911 B2
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`Sheet 28 Of 35
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`Aug. 14, 2012
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`

`1.
`COMPOSITE MULTIPLE RFID TAG
`FACLITY
`
`US 8,242,911 B2
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This application claims the benefit of the following provi
`sional applications, each of which is hereby incorporated by
`reference in its entirety: U.S. Provisional Application No.
`61/031,590, filed Feb. 26, 2008; and U.S. Provisional Appli
`cation No. 61/119,595, filed Dec. 3, 2008.
`This application is a continuation-in-part of the following
`applications, each of which is hereby incorporated by refer
`ence in its entirety: U.S. application Ser. No. 1 1/609,277 filed
`Dec. 11, 2006; and U.S. application Ser. No. 1 1/926,033 filed
`Oct. 28, 2007.
`
`10
`
`15
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`1. Field
`The invention relates to Radio Frequency ID (RFID) tags.
`2. Description of the Related Art
`Radio Frequency ID (RFID) tags have been proposed as a
`Solution for a wide range of commercial applications, includ
`ing tracking of large numbers of objects in disparate loca
`tions. However, current RFID tags suffer from performance
`problems. Passive tags, while not requiring a local power
`source, suffer from low bandwidth and high failure rates in
`data transmission. Active tags, while performing better than
`passive tags, are much more expensive and require a power
`Source. A need exists for improved performance; in particular,
`a need exists for methods and systems that provide perfor
`mance comparable or Superior to current active tags in a
`passive tag platform.
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`SUMMARY
`
`In embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of
`RFID tags may be programmed Such that they operably act as
`a composite multi-tag, that is, multiple RFID tags may be
`configured in the system to present Such that they are treated
`as if they were configured as one device. In embodiments, the
`plurality of RFID tags may be realized as a composite multi
`tag at the physical tag to reader interface level, or at a higher
`level of abstraction in the system, such as in the reader, the
`computer/server, the application servers, in markets, or the
`like.
`In embodiments, a composite RFID tag may be read by a
`reader, where the composite RFID tag may include a plurality
`of individual tags that are arranged to respond to the reader as
`one tag. The individual tags may communicate through sepa
`rate antennas to the reader and provide different information
`to the reader, communicate with each of the plurality of
`individual tags through their own respective antennas, and the
`like. At least one of the plurality of individual tags may be a
`beacon tag, where the beacon tag may be a long range tag, a
`tag that communicates with the reader at long range, contains
`a large antenna, is coupled to the plurality of individual tags
`(such as through electromagnetic coupling, physical cou
`pling, and the like). In embodiments, the plurality of indi
`vidual tags may communicate with the reader through the
`beacon tag. The plurality of individual tags may include
`memory, where the memory of at least one of the plurality of
`individual tags may be a larger size memory, shared memory,
`presents the memory as a contiguous memory to the reader,
`and the like. The plurality of individual tags may be mounted
`on a platform, where the platform may be a Substrate, a
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`2
`product container, a shipping container, and the like. The
`plurality of individual tags may include a passive tag, an
`active tag, both an active tag and a passive tag, and the like. In
`embodiments, the plurality of individual tags may include a
`multi-chip tag.
`These and other systems, methods, objects, features, and
`advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those
`skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the
`preferred embodiment and the drawings. All documents men
`tioned herein are hereby incorporated in their entirety by
`reference.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
`
`The invention and the following detailed description of
`certain embodiments thereofmay be understood by reference
`to the following figures:
`FIG. 1 shows a schematic of the RFID tag system and
`associated systems.
`FIG. 1A shows a block diagram embodiment showing
`major components of an RFID tag.
`FIG. 1B shows an embodiment of storing information
`within OTP memory using a segment table and data maps is
`shown.
`FIG. 1C shows a flow chart embodiment of a write algo
`rithm that may allow for recovery from a low or no power
`situation during a write operation.
`FIG. 2 shows a schematic of the overall RFID tag commu
`nication system.
`FIG.3 shows a block diagram schematic of an RF network
`node.
`FIG. 4 shows a schematic flow chart of a typical commu
`nication between a reader and an RFID tag.
`FIG. 5A shows an embodiment of the electrical reference
`ground interconnection configuration.
`FIG. 5B shows an embodiment of inter-RF network node
`communication.
`FIG. 5C shows a system for determining a master RFID
`network nodes among a plurality of RFID network nodes.
`FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for a circuit associated with
`an RFID tag system.
`FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a communication signal
`for determination of a master RF network node.
`FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of the communication pro
`tocol for master node communication collisions.
`FIG.9 shows a schematic of an improved RFID tag system.
`FIG.9AA shows an embodiment of how RFID tags may be
`connected to antennas in a series configuration via a Super
`strap.
`FIG.9AB shows an embodiment of how RFID tags may be
`connected to antennas in a parallel configuration via a Super
`strap.
`FIG.9AC shows an embodiment of how RFID tags may be
`connected to antennas in a series-parallel configuration via a
`Super strap.
`FIG. 10 shows a method of establishing redundancy in an
`RFID tag system.
`FIG. 11 shows a range of embodiments of RFID tag sys
`tems with sensor capabilities.
`FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of a screen printing method
`for an RFID tag system.
`FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of forcing an RF network
`node to a substrate.
`FIG. 14 shows orientation of components in an embodi
`ment of a screen coating application in an RFID tag system.
`FIG. 15 shows an embodiment of a thermal printer ribbon
`1202 applying ink, wax, resin, or the like to a substrate.
`
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`3
`FIG. 16 shows a vacuum attachment method for an RFID
`tag System.
`FIG. 17 shows the systems associated with a reader.
`FIG. 18 shows components of a method for facilitating
`increased memory in an RFID tag system.
`FIG. 19 shows a method of facilitating communication
`among chips on an RFID tag.
`FIG. 20 shows a method of impedance matching for an
`RFID tag system.
`FIG. 21 shows a range of applications enabled by an RFID
`tag System.
`FIG.22 shows a range of applications enabled by an RFID
`tag system in a commercial environment.
`FIG. 23 shows a range of applications enabled by an RFID
`tag system in an industrial environment.
`FIG. 24 shows a range of applications enabled by an RFID
`tag system in a consumer environment.
`FIG. 25 shows a range of applications enabled by an RFID
`tag system in a government environment.
`FIG. 26 shows a range of applications enabled by an RFID
`tag system in an agriculture environment.
`FIG. 27 shows a range of applications enabled by an RFID
`tag system in a military environment.
`FIG. 28 shows a range of applications enabled by an RFID
`tag system in a medical environment.
`FIG. 29 depicts an embodiment for the programming of a
`composite multi-tag facility.
`FIG. 30 depicts an embodiment of a composite multi-tag
`facility.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`4
`there may be a master RF network node that may coordinate
`the capabilities that the different RF network nodes may
`provide.
`Aspects of the systems and methods described herein may
`provide for improved connectivity with the RFID reader. By
`using multiple antennas and multiple RF network nodes, the
`RFID tag may be able to communicate using different fre
`quencies, may be able to adjust the impedance of the RF
`network node for an improved signal quality, may have an
`increased range of transmission, or the like. By communicat
`ing with multiple frequencies, the RFID tag may be able to
`select a frequency that provides an advantageous transmis
`sion characteristic for different environments such as liquids
`and metals. The RFID tag may be able to select one of the
`available antennas that may provide the best impedance
`match to the RFID tag and RF network nodes. The impedance
`match may provide a clearer transmission signal from the
`RFID tag to the RFID reader.
`In an embodiment, the multiple RF network node RFID tag
`reflecting or broadcasting at the same time may improve the
`signal strength. The improved signal strength may increase
`the RF amplitude that may increase the range of the RF signal.
`The increased signal strength may be particularly advanta
`geous when the tag is applied to an item that contains a liquid.
`The liquid may absorb radio waves, and the increased signal
`strength may allow the signal to reflect or broadcast farther
`despite the presence of a liquid.
`In an embodiment, the multiple RF network node RFID tag
`reflecting or broadcasting together may improve the signal
`clarity. The simultaneous reflecting or broadcasting of a plu
`rality of RF network nodes may provide a more rapid RF
`transition similar to a square wave. The rapid RF transition
`may allow the signal to be received faster by the reader. In an
`embodiment, less expensive readers may be used because the
`RF signal may be clearer. In an embodiment, the clearer
`signal may be important when the RFID tag is on a metal
`object that tends to reflect the RF signal.
`Aspects of the systems and methods described herein may
`provide for increased memory for the RFID tag. Using the
`inter RF network node connectivity, the memory for the mul
`tiple RF network nodes may be managed to provide expanded
`memory, redundant memory, distributed memory, or the like.
`For example, if each of four RF network nodes has 8 Kb of
`memory, the memory of all four RF network nodes may be
`combined to provide a total memory for the RFID tag of 32
`Kb. In another example, the four RF network nodes may
`provide redundant memory where all four of the RF network
`nodes store the same information.
`Aspects of the systems and methods described herein may
`provide for interfacing with external sensors. The sensors
`may provide information Such as temperature, humidity,
`acceleration, gas levels, smoke, heat, or the like. The RFID
`tag may read the sensors and the information may be saved to
`the RFID tag, the RFID tag may provide the stored sensor
`information to the reader on the next read request. The sensor
`information may be used by the RFID tag to calculate fresh
`ness of a product, the environment in which a product is
`stored, the handling history of a product, or the like.
`Aspects of the systems and methods described herein may
`provide for inter-RFID tag communication using a commu
`nication facility that may include agateway facility. Using the
`gateway facility, the RFID tag may be able to communicate to
`a network, to other network capable devices, to other network
`capable RFID tags, or the like. The inter-RFID tag commu
`nication may allow the RFID tags to provide redundant infor
`mation between RFID tags. Additionally, the RFID tags may
`be able to communicate information from one RFID tag to
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`In aspects of the systems and methods described herein, a
`radio frequency identification (RFID) tag may use multiple
`RF network nodes (e.g. radio microchips) to communicate
`information to a RFID reader, a network, other RFID network
`nodes, or the like. The communication of the information may
`be provided to the RFID reader using at least one antenna,
`using a communication facility, using both the at least one
`antenna and the communication facility, or the like.
`In aspects of the systems and methods described herein,
`each of the multiple RF network nodes may include radio
`frequency circuits, digital circuits, memory storage, commu
`nication facilities, and the like for storing and transmitting
`information to RFID readers, networks, other RFID tags,
`markets, applications, data stores, and the like. The RFID tag
`may include circuitry for inter RF network node communi
`cation that may provide RF network node redundancy,
`increased functionality, improved connec