FEMALES
`VOLUME 22 NUMBER 3 DECEMBER 2017
`AMERICAN JERSEY CATTLE ASSOCIATION
`
`JERSEY
`GENETIC
`SUMMARY
`
`USJersey
`
`Exhibit 1028
`Select Sires, et al. v. ABS Global
`
`

`

`About Optimum Age at First Calving
`Research reported in the August, 2017 issue of Journal of Dairy Science delivered a definitive answer for owners and herd
`managers about the optimum age at first calving (AFC) for Jerseys.
`
`Based on 19 years of performance records from more than 1.2 million Jersey cows, that optimum age is 20 to 21 months.
`Plus, the authors wrote, “It appears that the Jersey herd has almost reached an AFC for the breed, 46% of all calvings at
`≤21 months, that maximizes production.”
`
`This study sets a clear benchmark for Jersey age at first calving. And because 15 to 20% of total dairy farm costs are in
`raising herd replacements, it also sheds light on a revenue-enhancing advantage Jerseys bring to U.S. dairy operations. The
`Jersey average AFC was 22.9 months, compared to 24.5 months for Holstein. Estimated direct cost-savings from earlier
`calving is $2.50 per day—not to overlook the obvious fact that the animal starts to generate income earlier.
`
`The research group at the Animal
`Genomics and Improvement Laboratory
`(AGIL) used CDCB national dairy data
`about AFC for 13.9 million Holsteins
`and 1.2 million Jerseys calving between
`1997 and 2015. There was a clear trend
`over that time to earlier breeding. The
`shift for Jersey AFC is clearly depicted
`in Figure 1. By 2012, 78% of cows
`calved at less than 24 months of age
`and fewer than 3% after 28 months.
`From 1997 to 2012, there was a four-
`fold increase in AFC measured at 21
`months of age for Jersey and 22 months
`for Holstein.
`
`The study’s goal was to identify optimum
`age at first calving as that maximizing
`average lifetime productive traits. AFC
`information was analyzed relative to
`actual milk, fat and protein yield; milk
`persistency; cow and heifer conception rate plus daughter pregnancy rate; calving ease and still births; then finally, lifetime
`milk, fat and protein yield, lifetime days in milk and lifetime days open.
`
`The best age groups for maximizing lifetime milk, fat and protein production were 20 and 21 months for Jerseys and 21
`and 22 months for Holstein. They had favorable genetic correlations with lifetime Net Merit. Also, these groups had higher
`fertility measured by CCR, HCR and DPR, plus better calving ease. A statistically significant increase for rate of stillbirths
`compared to the 24-month baseline was found, but for Jersey it was very small and applied only to the very youngest age
`category of 18-20 months. In short, selection for the age at first calving that maximized lifetime production “is likely to
`coincide with improved HCR, productive life, and overall profitability.”
`
`This project went further to explore potential for genomic evaluation of age at first calving. The authors called for “a
`selection index which includes AFC, maximizes lifetime production and fertility and minimizes stillbirth incidence.” They
`determined that for Jersey, AFC genomic PTA can be predicted at 51% reliability for young sires and 77% for those that
`are daughter-proven.
`
`Achieving an optimum age at first calving is a win-win-win for the Jersey breed. For the cow, it is associated with fertility,
`survivability and productivity. For the operation, it boosts profitability and not just by cutting into the expense of feeding
`heifers. AFC is a key factor in internal herd growth, providing heifers for herd expansion or increased voluntary culling,
`or having extra heifers to sell—generating cash for you and, the last win, contributing to Jersey growth in the U.S. dairy
`population.
`
`Exhibit 1028
`Select Sires, et al. v. ABS Global
`
`

`

`JERSEY GENETIC SUMMARY
`
`December 2017
`
`Gold Book Online at http://greenbook.usjersey.com
`
`Volume 22, Number 3
`
`SECTION I. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
`
`About the Jersey Performance IndexTM (JPI) ...................................................................................................5
`
`AJCA Pedigree Recording and Registry Status ...............................................................................................7
`
`Glossary of Terms .............................................................................................................................................4
`
`Heifer and Bull Percentile Rank Levels (P-Levels) ..........................................................................................4
`
`How to Read an Official AJCA Performance Pedigree .........................................................................110-111
`
`SECTION II. HERD REGISTER or GENERATION COUNT 4-6 AND BBR 100
`
`Top 500 Females (cows, heifers) Ranked by Genomic JPITM .........................................................................10
`
`Top 200 Cows Ranked by Genomic JPITM......................................................................................................21
`
`Top 500 Genotyped Heifers Ranked by Genomic JPITM, by sire group .........................................................25
`
`Top 100 Polled Females Ranked by Genomic JPITM ......................................................................................38
`
`SECTION III. GENERATION COUNT 3 or GC 4-6 with BBR 93 and LOWER
`
`Top Females (cows, heifers) Ranked by Genomic JPITM ................................................................................42
`
`Top Cows Ranked by Genomic JPITM.............................................................................................................53
`
`Top Genotyped Heifers Ranked by Genomic JPITM, by sire group ................................................................56
`
`Top Polled Females Ranked by Genomic JPITM .............................................................................................67
`
`SECTION IV. HERD REGISTER: TRADITIONAL EVALUATIONS
`
`Top 200 Cows Ranked by Traditional JPITM ...................................................................................................70
`
`Top 400 Heifers Ranked by Parent Average JPITM, by sire group ..................................................................74
`
`SECTION V. GENERATION COUNT 3 THROUGH 6: TRADITIONAL EVALUATIONS
`
`Top Cows Ranked by Traditional JPITM ..........................................................................................................88
`
`Top Heifers Ranked by Parent Average JPITM, by sire group .........................................................................92
`
`SECTION VI. HERDS
`
`Top 25% REAP Herds, Ranked by Herd Average JPITM .............................................................................104
`
`SECTION VII. REPORTS ONLINE (http://greenbook.usjersey.com)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Updated monthly between official evaluations issued in April, August and December:
`All genomic reports in Sections II and III, plus the following reports by Herd Register or
`Registry Status GR and J3 through J6 status:
`
`Top 1.5% Cows with GPTAs ranked by Genomic Jersey Performance IndexTM
`
`Top 1.5% Heifers Ranked by Genomic Jersey Performance IndexTM or Parent Average JPI
`
`Top 1.5% Cows Ranked by Traditional Jersey Performance IndexTM
`
`Exhibit 1028
`Select Sires, et al. v. ABS Global
`
`

`

`Glossary of Terms
`Daughter Pregnancy Rate (DPR), Cow Conception Rate
`(FTI), PL, LIV, SCS and three fertility traits (DPR, CCR, HCR).
`(CCR), Heifer Conception Rate (HCR): Genetic evaluations
`JPI2017 weights are 30% P : 15% F : 8% CFP M : 20% FTI :
`of fertility. DPR measures the percentage of non-pregnant cows
`6% PL : 4% LIV : 6% SCS : 7% DPR : 2% CCR : 2% HCR.
`that become pregnant during each 21-day interval where 1% in
`Jersey Udder IndexTM (JUI): Based on the Functional Trait Index
`PTA DPR equals 4 fewer days open. HCR and CCR measure
`(FTI) weightings for udder traits (refer to formula, page 6).
`the percentage of inseminated heifers or cows that become
`Net Merit dollars (NM$, also CM$, FM$ and GM$): Expected
`pregnant at each service where 1% in PTA means more likely
`lifetime profit as compared with the breed base cows born in
`to become pregnant during that estrus cycle compared with
`2010, for four production/economic conditions. Described at
`an evaluation of 0.
`http://aipl.arsusda.gov/reference/nmcalc-2017.htm.
`Expected Future Inbreeding (EFI): Estimate of future progeny
`Parent Average: Estimate of an individual’s eventual PTA based
`inbreeding, assuming that an animal is mated randomly.
`on the average of the parents’ traditional PTAs.
`Genomic “G” Codes: GT, animal has been genotyped using
`Percentile: A ranking relative to the population. For example,
`one of a variety of offered chip densities (e.g., GT13K with
`a bull with a 90 percentile ranking or a heifer that is a P9 is
`13K chip); GI for genotype through imputation from progeny,
`ranked higher than 90 percent of the population.
`but not genotyped; and GA, inclusion of information from
`Predicted Transmitting Ability (PTA): The best predictor of
`genotyped ancestors.
`genetic merit; specifically what a bull or cow is expected
`Genomic Future Inbreeding (GFI): Estimate of inbreeding in
`to transmit for a particular trait to their offspring. See also
`future offspring, based on parent’s actual homozygosity and
`GPTA (above).
`percentages of genes in common with the genotyped breed
`Productive Life (PL): Time in the milking herd before removal
`population.
`by voluntary culling, involuntary culling, or death. Livability
`Genomic Predicted Transmitting Abilities (GPTAs): Estimate
`(LIV) measures a cow’s ability to stay alive while on the farm.
`of genetic merit calculated from (1) information from
`Sire Conception Rate (SCR): Phenotypic predictor of bull
`genotypes or imputed genotypes of ancestors DNA analysis
`fertility, expressed as a relative conception rate, measured for
`of functional genes inherited by a particular animal; plus (2)
`the first seven (7) breedings of the cow (no heifer breedings).
`individual performance and (3) pedigree information.
`Somatic Cell Score (SCS): Indicator trait for mastitis resistance
`Jersey Performance IndexTM (JPI): Ranks animals for combined
`based on the direct measure of somatic cells in milk samples.
`genetic merit for Protein, Fat, CFP Milk, Functional Trait Index
`
`Heifer and Bull Percentile Ranking Levels (P-Level)
`
`The P-level is a useful tool to evaluate genetic merit of young
`Registered JerseysTM. It is a percentile ranking of the animal’s
`Jersey Production Index™, displayed as P0 through P9. P-level
`is based upon Parent Average JPI, or genomic JPI when available.
`The P-level indicates how one animal ranks compared to all
`other registered Jerseys of the same sex born in the same year.
`To interpret, insert the P-level in the blank in the following state-
`ment: “This heifer (bull) has a higher PA JPI than __0 percent
`
`of the registered Jersey heifers (bulls) born in the same year.”
`Example: A P8 heifer born in 2015 has a higher PA JPI than 80
`percent of the Registered Jersey heifers born in 2015.
`The tables show means and minimum values for percentile
`ranking levels based on Parent Average JPI for the birth years
`2014 to 2017, with projections for 2018 and 2019.
`P-levels are printed on Official Performance Pedigrees for
`heifers, but not for bulls.
`
`Table 1. Heifer P-Levels for Jersey Performance IndexTM
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Birth Year
`2014
`2015
`2016
`2017
`2018 projected
`2019 projected
`
` Mean
`43
`56
`70
`87
`98
`111
`
`P0
`< -6
`< 8
`
`< 17
`< 39
`< 48
`< 61
`
`P1
`-6
`8
`17
`39
`48
`61
`
`Table 2. Bull P-Levels for Jersey Performance IndexTM
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Birth Year
`
` Mean
`
`2014
`2015
`2016
`2017
`2018 projected
`2019 projected
`
`63
`74
`97
`114
`127
`143
`
`P0
`
`< -1 -
`< 2
`< 13
`< 30
`< 41
`< 53
`
`P1
`
`1
`2
`13
`30
`41
`53
`
`P2
`19
`32
`45
`65
`75
`89
`
`P2
`
`37
`42
`62
`84
`96
`111
`
`P3
`32
`45
`59
`77
`88
`102
`
`P3
`
`54
`61
`88
`107
`120
`137
`
`P4
`42
`54
`69
`86
`98
`111
`
`P4
`
`66
`75
`101
`119
`132
`148
`
`P5
`50
`62
`77
`94
`105
`119
`
`P6
`58
`70
`85
`101
`113
`126
`
`P5
`
`P6
`
`75
`85
`112
`130
`143
`159
`
`83
`96
`121
`140
`152
`169
`
`P7
`66
`78
`94
`109
`121
`135
`
`P7
`
`90
`106
`130
`148
`161
`177
`
`P8
`75
`87
`103
`117
`129
`143
`
`P8
`
`99
`118
`140
`157
`171
`188
`
`P9
`86
`99
`116
`130
`142
`156
`
`P9
`
`111
`132
`158
`169
`186
`203
`
`4
`
`Exhibit 1028
`Select Sires, et al. v. ABS Global
`
`

`

`2017 Jersey Performance Index™ (JPI)
`
`Calculation of the Jersey Performance Index™
`Beginning with April 2017 genetic evaluations, JPITM is calculated as follows:
`
`JPI2017 = (30 x PTA protein / SD) + (15 x PTA fat / SD) + (-8 CFP milk / SD PTA milk)
`
`+ (6 x PTA Productive Life / SD) + (4 x PTA Livability / SD)
`
`+ [6 x (3 - PTA Somatic Cell Score) / SD)]
`
`+ (7 x PTA Daughter Pregnancy Rate / SD) + (2 x PTA Cow Conception Rate / SD)
`+ (2 x PTA Heifer Conception Rate / SD) + Functional Trait Index2017
`
`where CFP Milk = PTA Milk - ((PTA Fat + PTA Protein) / .088), and Functional Trait Index
`equals the PTAs of linear type traits weighted by their relative economic contribution to
`JPI2017 (see Table 2).
`
` Updates to Jersey Performance IndexTM authorized by the
`AJCA Board of Directors were implemented with the April 2017
`official CDCB-AJCA genetic evaluations. Three new traits were
`added—CFP (combined fat-protein) milk, a Feed Efficiency–
`Body Weight Composite, and Livability—with weights revised
`for previously included traits. The traits and weights in JPI2017
`are PTA protein, 30%; PTA fat, 15%; CFP milk, 8%; Functional
`Trait Index (incorporating Jersey Udder IndexTM, AJCA Body
`Weight Composite, and mobility), 20%; Productive Life (PL),
`6%; Livability (LIV), 4%; Somatic Cell Score (SCS), 6%;
`Daughter Pregnancy
`Rate (DPR), 7%; and
`Cow Conception Rate
`(CCR) and Heifer
`C o n c e p t i o n R a t e
`(HCR), 2% each.
` Compared to the
`p r ev i o u s ve r s i o n ,
`i m p l e m e n t e d i n
`December of 2014,
`changes were PTA
`protein, -13%; CFP
`milk, new; Functional
`Trait Index, +5%;
`Productive Life, -4%; and Livability, new. There was no change
`in the weights for PTA fat, Somatic Cell Score and the three
`fertility traits (see also Table 1).
` Overall, 53% of the emphasis in JPI2017 is on production (-5%
`from the previous version), 27% on fitness (no change), and 20%
`on functional type (+5%).
`
`Components Added
` Components added to
`JPI2017 were CFP Milk,
`the AJCA Body Weight
`Composite (December
`2 0 1 7 u p d a t e ), a n d
`Livability.
` CFP Milk (8% of the
`index) is a breed-specific
`adjustment to PTA Milk
`based on the target that
`ever y pound of PTA
`milk must include 0.088
`pounds of combined fat
`and protein. Production data compiled by the American Jersey
`
`Cattle Association and National DHI show that current combined
`fat and protein content in 100 pounds milk ranges from 8.51 to
`8.54 pounds. The target of 8.8 pounds is thus a forward-looking
`target for improving the content of fat and protein while increasing
`milk yield.
` CFP Milk is based on the idea that it is preferable to have
`total yield of pounds fat and pounds protein come from more
`concentrated milk instead of a greater volume of watery milk. To
`illustrate the effect of CFP Milk on JPI, consider two bulls that
`have the same combined pounds of PTA Fat and PTA Protein
`(160 lbs.), but a large
`difference in their PTA
`Milk (1,600 lbs. vs.
`2,500 lbs.). Relative
`to the target of 0.088
`pounds CFP to one
`pound PTA milk, the
`bull with a PTA of
`1,600M exceeds that
`concentration and
`will gain JPI points.
`The other bull, at PTA
`2,500M, transmits
`more water relative to
`components and therefore will lose JPI points.
` Body Weight Composite (7% of the index) was introduced
`in JPITM in April of 2017 when the Council on Dairy Cattle
`Breeding added it to Net Merit as a proxy for feed efficiency.
`The CDCB version was replaced in December, 2017 by Jersey-
`specific weights developed from analysis of body weight and
`type appraisal scores
`f r o m 1 , 3 8 4 J e r s ey
`cows. The AJCA BWC
`equation predicts body
`weight for cows as
`.0.36 * PTA Stature +
`0.57 * PTA Strength
`+ 0.21 * PTA Rump
`Width - 0.52 * PTA Dairy
`Form. Compared to the
`previous, Holstein-based
`equation, this decreases
`the weight on strength
`and increases weighting
`of the other traits. The
`
`(continued on next page)
`
`Table 1. History of Traits and Weights (%) Used to Calculate Production Type Index (1998) and Jersey Performance Index™.
`
`Year
`
`1998
`2002
`2005
`2006
`2010
`2015
`2017
`
`Protein
`
`55.5
`50.0
`50.0
`40.0
`42.0
`43.0
`30.0
`
`Fat
`
`22.2
`20.0
`20.0
`20.0
`15.0
`15.0
`15.0
`
`CFP Milk
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`8.0
`
`FTI
`
`16.7
`15.0
`15.0
`15.0
`15.0
`15.0
`20.0
`
`PL
`
`LIV
`
`SCS
`
`FUI
`
`DPR
`
`CCR HCR
`
`
`5.0
`3.75
`12.0
`12.0
`10.0
`6.0
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`4.0
`
`5.6
`5.0
`3.75
`3.0
`6.0
`6.0
`6.0
`
`
` 5.0
`3.75
`3.0
`
`
`
`
`3.75
`7.0
`10.0
`7.0
`7.0
`
`2.0
`2.0
`
`2.0
`2.0
`
`5
`
`Exhibit 1028
`Select Sires, et al. v. ABS Global
`
`

`

`are more important than others, a fact captured by Jersey Udder
`IndexTM, which is derived from FTI. Udder Depth is the most
`important, followed by three traits (Fore Udder Attachment,
`Udder Cleft and Rear Udder Height) that have similar influence
`on cow survival and lifetime net income. Jersey Udder IndexTM
`is reported as JPI points; in other words, how many points udder
`traits add (or subtract) from
`Jersey Performance IndexTM.
`
`Table 2. Relative weights for specific tr aits and trait groups in Jersey
`Performance Index2017, effective December 2017.
`
`Relative
`
`Trait Group Weight (%)
`
`
`Specific Trait (Direction)
`
`formula assigns 28% of relative emphasis to stature, 28% to strength,
`9% to rump width, and -35% to dairy form because thinner cows
`weigh less. The penalty of 7% on body size in JPI2017 selects in
`the direction of moderate, efficient body size.
` PTA Livability was introduced by CDCB in August of 2016.
`It is a measure of death loss and a subset of PTA Productive Life.
`The impact of PTA Livability
`is a direct economic loss:
`Cows that die are an expense
`compared to those sold for
`beef. When PTA Productive
`Life and PTA Livability
`are added together in the
`CDCB Net Merit indexes,
`it is generally a 60:40 ratio.
`That concept was using in
`adding PTA Livability to
`JPITM, assigning a weight of
`6% to Productive Life and
`4% to Livability, keeping the
`total weight on longevity in
`the index at 10%.
` F o r b a c k g r o u n d
`information on Livability and
`other CDCB traits, plus Net
`Merit indexes, refer to the the
`website at www.uscdcb.com/
`reference.htm.
`
`Overall
`Weight (%)
`
`30.0
`15.0
`8.0
`6.0
`4.0
`6.0
`7.0
`2.0
`2.0
`
`4.7
`2.4
`1.9
`1.8
`0.9
`0.9
`0.1
`2.4
`2.2
`1.5
`0.9
`0.0
`0.1
`0.1
`
`Production
`
`
`Health
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Udder
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Feed Efficiency
`
`
`
`
`Mobility
`
`
`53.0
`
`
`27.0
`
`
`
`
`
`
`12.8
`
`
`
`
`
`
`7.0
`
`
`
`
`0.2
`
`
`Jersey Sustainability
` By including CFP Milk
`and a substantial penalty on
`body size through the AJCA
`Feed Efficiency–Body Weight
`Composite, JPI2017 applies the
`key principles of Jersey sustainability identified by researchers
`Jude Capper and Roger Cady (Journal of Dairy Science, 2012).
`The lower total body mass of the Jersey reduces maintenance
`costs per animal and the great nutrient density of Jersey milk
`dilutes maintenance resource requirements. Going forward,
`they concluded that the three primary drivers of U.S. dairy cow
`sustainability are production, milk nutrient density, and body
`size. Jerseys need to increase milk yield, maintain—or better
`improve—component levels,
`and maintain body size.
`
`Calculation of the Jersey Udder Index™
`This index is the sum of PTAs for udder traits multiplied by their
`percentage contribution to the animal’s Jersey Performance Index2017:
`JUI17 = [(2.4 x FU / SD FU) + (1.8 x RH / SD RH) + (0.1 x RUW / SD RUW)
`
`+ (4.7 x UD / SD UD) + (1.9 x UC / SD UC)
`
`+ (0.9 x TP / SD TP) + (-0.9 x TL / SD TL)]
`
`Type Within Production
` Of the 10 components of
`JPITM, only one—the AJCA
`Functional Trait Index—
`captures the effects of type
`traits within production on
`lifetime profitability. It assesses how functional type traits are
`important to the Jersey cow’s economic survival. As such, it
`pinpoints where improvement is needed and needed most, and
`where opportunities for further gains are possible.
` Table 2 shows that what will make the most difference in
`improving Jersey profitability going forward is increasing
`selection pressure on udder traits. But as always, some traits
`
`Protein (+)
`Fat (+)
`CFP Milk (-)
`Productive Life (+)
`Livability (+)
`Somatic Cell Score (-)
`Daughter Pregnancy Rate (+)
`Cow Conception Rate (+)
`Heifer Conception Rate (+)
`Functional Trait Index:
`Udder Depth (+)
`Fore Udder Attachment (+)
`Udder Cleft (+)
`Rear Udder Height (+)
`Teat Placement (+)
`Teat Length (-)
`Rear Udder Width (+)
`Strength (-)
`Dairy Form (+)
`Stature (-)
`Rump Width (-)
`Rump Angle (+)
`Foot Angle (+)
`Rear Legs (-)
`
`Major Categories
` The objective of Jersey
`P e r f o r m a n c e I n d e x T M
`is to increase lifetime net
`income. Regrouping traits
`by functional categories
`reveals a set of five factors
`that determine whether cows
`put money into your pocket,
`and how much. Production
`gets 53% of the emphasis in
`the new formula. There is
`18.8% on udder health by
`combining direct selection
`for lower Somatic Cell Score
`(especially important to
`capture quality premiums)
`and Jersey Udder IndexTM.
`Fertility at 11% includes
`Daughter Pregnancy Rate,
`Cow Conception Rate and
`Heifer Conception Rate. Herd
`life is weighted at 10.2%
`through PTAs for Productive
`Life and Livability plus the
`mobility traits (foot angle, rear
`legs) in FTI. Lastly, the Jersey-specific Body Weight Composite,
`at 7%, selects for moderate body size, which is directly related
`to feed intake directed to body maintenance versus production.
`
`Summary
`
`Jersey Performance IndexTM (JPITM) is a breed-specific
`selection tool that has been continually reviewed and updated
`based on sound science and relative to current economic
`conditions.
` The revisions made in
`April of 2017, followed by the
`December update of the Body
`Weight Composite based on
`Jersey data, are as bold and
`forward-looking as any ever
`made to Jersey Performance
`IndexTM, according to Neal
`Smith, Executive Secretary and CEO of the American Jersey
`Cattle Association.
`
`“Jersey Performance Index2017 is a formula for increasing
`production and improving milkfat and protein levels in the
`milk, moderating body weight for greater feed efficiency and
`sustainability, while at the same time selecting for longer herd
`life, greater fertility, and better udder health.”
`
`6
`
`Exhibit 1028
`Select Sires, et al. v. ABS Global
`
`

`

`AJCA Pedigree Recording and Registry Status
`
`Effective March 11, 2017
` The Rules for the Registration and Transfer of Jersey Cattle
`define the programs and procedures approved by the Board of
`Directors for recording animals in the permanent database of
`the American Jersey Cattle Association (AJCA). The following
`information is required:
`
`(a) birth date of the animal,
`
`(b) permanent identification in the form of tattoo in the ear or
`AJCA-approved double-matching tamper-evident eartags, and
`(c) parent information (pedigree).
`
` The Association records descendants of animals registered
`in the AJCA Herd Register through rules for the Herd Register
`and Generation Count system. As required, prefix and suffix
`designations will be added per AJCA rules. The Association also
`records registered Jersey cattle imported from countries having
`recognized herd books.
`
`
`
` 5. Progeny of Generation Count {6} parents have Herd Register
`status and do not have a suffix in their registration names.
` 6. When an unknown animal or animal of another breed is
`introduced to an animal’s pedigree, the Generation Count
`will be reset to start at {1}.
` The Generation Count suffix is an integral part of the animal
`name. The gold-bordered Certificate of Identification is issued
`to animals recorded at Generation Counts 1, 2 and 3. Generation
`Count 4, 5 and 6 animals are issued the green-bordered Certificate
`of Registration.
`Prefixes and Suffixes Assigned by Rule
` All animals having one (or more) ancestor(s) of another breed
`within six (6) generations shall have the letters “JX” included in
`their names as a prefix.
` The following letters shall be included in animal names as a
`suffix as applicable: “ET” for animals produced through embryo
`transfer, “ETS” for animals resulting from split embryos, and
`“ETN” for animals resulting from nuclear transfer (cloning);
`“P” for polled animals with one polled parent, “PP” for animals
`determined to be homozygous polled by testing, consistent with
`their pedigree; “LL” for declared carrier of Limber Legs, and
`“RVC” for declared carrier of Rectovaginal Constriction.
`Unregistered (UR) Recording
` Animals with permanent identification that are not qualified
`to be recorded in the Herd Register or with a Generation Count
`are recorded with letters “UR” included in their name as a prefix.
`The Certificate of Identification is issued to the owner.
`
`Table 1. AJCA Recording System for Females, effective March 12, 2016
`
`Herd Register
` Animals with Herd Register (HR) status have seven (7) or more
`unbroken generations of known Jersey ancestors that are recorded
`by the Association. The Association issues a green-bordered
`Certificate of Registration for these animals.
`Generation Count Recording
` The Association also records:
`(a) animals that exhibit the characteristics of Jersey cattle but
`
`lack complete documentation of parentage, and
`(b) animals that have one known and AJCA-recorded Jersey
`parent and a parent of another breed.
` With the continued use
`of AJCA Herd Register
`status bulls, progeny will
`progress to HR status (see
`Tables 1 and 2, reverse).
` 1. F e m a l e s a r e
`r e c o r d e d a t a l l
`Generation Counts.
` 2. Generation Count
`{1} is assigned
`to the female that
`h a s o n e k n ow n
`parent (either sire
`or dam) recorded
`by the AJCA. The
`other parent may
`b e c o m p l e t e l y
`u n k n ow n o r o f
`another breed. If
`both parents are
`unknown, the animal
`may be qualified for
`recording by being
`genotyped (see notes, Table 1).
` 3. Bulls are recorded starting at Generation Count {3} with
`the stipulations that the bull be genotyped and have a Breed
`Base Representation (BBR) value of 87 or greater and that
`its sire and dam are also genotyped (see notes, Table 2).
` 4. The numerical designation of progeny will increase by one
`(1) from the Generation Count of the sire or dam, whichever
`is lowest (refer to tables).
`
`Eligibility for National
`Awards, Shows and Sales
` F e m a l e s w i t h
`Generation Count 4 or
`greater are eligible for
`Honor Roll, Hall of Fame,
`and National Class Leader
`recognition, the President’s
`Trophy, Hilmar Cheese
`Award, Living Lifetime
`Production Contest and
`National Jersey Youth
`Production Contest, and
`included in calculations
`of AJCA herd lactation
`and Jersey Performance
`IndexTM averages.
` Animals recorded at
`Generation Count 4 and
`higher are eligible for
`national shows, AJCA-
`designated regional shows
`and national sales.
`Application of Breed Base Representation
` Breed Base Representation (BBR) is a genomic trait that
`assesses the degree to which alleles in an individual animal’s
`genome are in common with the allele frequency of the breed
`reference group for Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Holstein
`and Jersey. The more an animal’s genetic make-up resembles its
`(continued to next page)
`
`
`
`
` Dam Status
`
`UR
`
`{2}
`
`Generation Count of Sire
`{3}
`{4}
`{5}
`
`{6}
`
`HR
`
`Generation Count of Offspring (see Notes)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`UR
`
`UR or {1}*
`
`{1}
`
`{2}
`
`{3}
`
`{4}
`
`{5}
`
`{6}
`
`HR
`
`{1}
`
`{1}
`
`{1}
`
`{1}
`
`{1}
`
`{1}
`
`{1}
`
`{1}
`
`{2}
`
`{3}
`
`{3}
`
`{3}
`
`{3}
`
`{3}
`
`{3}
`
`{1}
`
`{2}
`
`{3}
`
`{4}
`
`{4}
`
`{4}
`
`{4}
`
`{4}
`
`{1}
`
`{2}
`
`{3}
`
`{4}
`
`{5}
`
`{5}
`
`{5}
`
`{5}
`
`{1}
`
`{2}
`
`{3}
`
`{4}
`
`{5}
`
`{6}
`
`{6}
`
`{6}
`
`{1}
`
`{2}
`
`{3}
`
`{4}
`
`{5}
`
`{6}
`
`HR
`
`HR
`
`{1}
`
`{2}
`
`
`
`{3}
`
`{4}
`
`{5}
`
`{6}
`
`HR
`
`HR
`
`Female recording starts at Generation Count 1, either (a) by pedigree listing a known and
`AJCA-recorded Jersey parent; or (b) qualified by genotyping.
`* Recorded with prefix UR unless qualified by genotyping to be recorded with GC {1}.
`
`7
`
`Exhibit 1028
`Select Sires, et al. v. ABS Global
`
`

`

`(continued from previous page)
`breed reference group, the higher its BBR for the primary breed.
`Rules and publication policies for BBR are established by the
`Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding (CDCB).
`Reference Group
` The 3,253 A.I. bulls in the Jersey reference group (April 2017)
`were determined by CDCB selection criteria:
` 1. are genotyped, and
` 2. have daughters with milk evaluations, and
` 3. all 30 animals in the 5-generation breed stack are identified
`with the breed code Jersey; and
` 4. if born 2000 and later, all ancestors in the 5-generation
`pedigree are known.
` Reference groups are updated annually with the April official
`genetic evaluations.
`
`Table 2. AJCA Recording System for Males, effective March 11, 2017
`
`
`
`
` Dam Status
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`UR
`
`{1}
`
`{2}
`
`{3}
`
`{4}
`
`{5}
`
`{6}
`
`HR
`
`Reporting of BBR
` CDCB policy is to
`report BBR values of 94
`or greater for one breed as
`100. BBRs below 94 are
`reported as calculated.
` BBR is calculated and
`reported only once for all
`genotyped animals, unless
`re-genotyped with a higher
`density chip.
`Understanding BBR
` Variation in genomic
`BBR values is explained
`by these factors.
` Within Breed. Animals
`whose ancestors have been
`accurately documented
`p u r e b r e d s f o r m a ny
`generations often obtain
`a BBR for the primary
`breed less than 100, simply
`due to the calculation
`procedures.
` BBRs in the range of
`90 to 97 can reveal the
`presence of outcross bloodlines. When an animal is unrelated to the
`North American population or has bloodlines not well represented
`among the bulls included in the breed reference group, its BBR
`could well be in the mid-90s.
` Common Alleles. Precise percentages of breed sources are not
`possible simply because animals vary. Also, because there are
`common alleles across breeds, the contribution from the primary
`breed could be off by 5% or even more from that derived.
` Crossbreeding. A BBR lower than 90 usually indicates
`evidence of crossbreeding. In some cases, determining whether
`crossbreeding or outcross bloodlines is the basis for a lower
`relationship to the breed reference group can be difficult. Mistakes
`will be made if conclusions are drawn without considering that
`BBR numbers for the evaluated breeds could vary by as much as
`5% from what is expected, and occasionally even more.
` BBR is effective at detecting the presence of genetics from
`other breeds when such other breeds have provided a significant
`percentage of the alleles. Still, spread in BBR numbers is to
`be expected. Analysis of BBRs of animals that have three
`
`UR
`
`{2}*
`
`Generation Count of Sire
`{3}
`{4}
`{5}
`
`{6}
`
`HR
`
`Generation Count of Offspring (see Notes)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`{3}
`
`{3}
`
`{3}
`
`{3}
`
`{3}
`
`{3}
`
`{3}
`
`{4}
`
`{4}
`
`{4}
`
`{4}
`
`{4}
`
`{3}
`
`{4}
`
`{5}
`
`{5}
`
`{5}
`
`{5}
`
`{3}
`
`{4}
`
`{5}
`
`{6}
`
`{6}
`
`{6}
`
`{3}
`
`{4}
`
`{5}
`
`{6}
`
`HR
`
`HR
`
`{3}
`
`{4}
`
`{5}
`
`{6}
`
`HR
`
`HR
`
`* Bulls recorded by AJCA according to rules prior to March 14, 2015.
`REQUIREMENTS: Bulls at Generation Counts 3 through 6 will be recorded with the prefix UR
`until these requirements are met: (a) genotyping resulting in a Breed Base Representation
`(BBR) value of 87 or greater; (b) genotyping the sire; and (c) genotyping the dam.
`Bulls with Herd Register (HR) status are not required to be genotyped before being recorded.
`
`grandparents of breed X and one grandparent of breed Y (expected
`breed alleles 75% and 25%) show primary breed BBRs as low
`as 70 or as high as 80, simply due to limitations of the method.
`Some animals will deviate even more due to the random nature of
`which chromosomes are transmitted from grandparents through
`their sire and dam.
` Breeds Referenced. Five dairy cattle breeds have enough A.I.
`bulls genotyped to form a breed reference group. The BBR for
`each animal is determined relative only to these five groups, and
`even if all of an animal’s genes do not come from the referenced
`breeds.
` Pedigree Information. Missing or limited pedigree information
`may make it difficult to determine whether crossbreeding or
`outcross bloodlines is the reason for a relatively low BBR.
`Requirements to Record Bulls Having A Generation Count
` Males that will have a Generation Count suffix in their names must
`meet additional criteria in
`order to be recorded with
`the Am