throbber
Case 2:19-cv-00414-JRG Document 101 Filed 09/29/21 Page 1 of 20 PageID #: 5497
`
`
`
`IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
`MARSHALL DIVISION
`







`
`BRIGHT DATA LTD.,
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`v.
`
`TEFINCOM S.A. D/B/A NORDVPN,
`
`Defendant.
`
`
`
`
`Civil Action No. 2:19-CV-00414-JRG
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT OF
`NONINFRINGEMENT OR IN THE ALTERNATIVE INVALIDITY
`FOR THE ’511 PATENT
`
`103106177.1
`
`Metacluster LT, UAB
`EX1014
`Page 1 of 20
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`Case 2:19-cv-00414-JRG Document 101 Filed 09/29/21 Page 2 of 20 PageID #: 5498
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1
`I.
`II. STATEMENT OF ISSUE TO BE DECIDED........................................................................ 2
`III.
`STATEMENT OF UNDISPUTED MATERIAL FACTS .................................................. 3
`A.
`’511 Patent Claim 1 .......................................................................................................... 3
`B.
`Prior Art HAProxy ........................................................................................................... 4
`C.
`Dr. Rhyne’s Infringement Allegations ............................................................................. 7
`1.
` ... 7
`2.
`
` ....................................................................................................................... 9
`THE ACCUSED “SELECTING” FUNCTIONALITY CANNOT MEET DR. RHYNE’S
`IV.
`UNDERSTANDING OF SELECTING “IN RESPONSE TO THE RECEIVING” .................... 10
`Any Accused “Selecting” During
` Occurs Before the “Receiving” Step
`A.
`
`10
` Is Not “Linked” To or “Based On” The
`Any “Selecting” of an
`B.
`Received Content Identifier As Required by Dr. Rhyne .......................................................... 11
`V. TO THE EXTENT PLAINTIFF DISAVOWS DR. RHYNE’S UNDERSTANDING OF
`SELECTING “IN RESPONSE TO THE RECEIVING,” THE CLAIMS ARE INVALID OVER
`PRIOR ART HAPROXY ............................................................................................................. 13
`VI. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................. 14
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`Case 2:19-cv-00414-JRG Document 101 Filed 09/29/21 Page 3 of 20 PageID #: 5499
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`TABLE OF EXHIBITS
`
`Rhyne Rebuttal
`Rep.
`Rhyne Tr.
`
`Freedman Rep.
`
`Freedman Rep.
`App’x S
`’511 Patent
`Tefincom CC
`Order
`Supplemental
`CC Order
`Code200 CC
`Order
`Almeroth Rep.
`
`Description
`Shorthand
`Rhyne Infr. Rep. Excerpts of August 19, 2021 Rebuttal Expert Report of Dr.
`V. Thomas Rhyne on behalf of Plaintiff
`Excerpts of September 12, 2021 Rebuttal Expert Report of
`Dr. V. Thomas Rhyne on behalf of Plaintiff
`Excerpts of rough draft of September 20, 2021 Deposition
`of Dr. V. Thomas Rhyne
`Excerpts of August 19, 2021 Expert Report of Dr. Michael
`J. Freedman on behalf of Defendant
`Excerpts of Appendix S of the August 19, 2021 Expert
`Report of Dr. Michael J. Freedman on behalf of Defendant
`U.S. Patent No. 10,484,511
`Order that claim construction orders from related cases shall
`apply in this case (ECF 63)
`Supplemental Claim Construction Order (ECF 453 in Teso)
`
`Claim Construction Opinion and Order (ECF 97 in
`Code200)
`Excerpts of September 12, 2021 Expert Report of Dr. Kevin
`Almeroth on behalf of Defendant
`Declaration of Duncan Hall regarding HAProxy
`documentation maintained by Internet Archive
`(NORD0183409)
`HAProxy Architecture Guide Version 1.2.18
`(NORD0183519)
`
`HAProxy Reference Manual Version 1.2.18
`(NORD0183552)
`
`HAProxy Architecture Guide Version 1.3.15
`(NORD0183610)
`
`Hall Dec.
`
`HAProxy
`Architecture
`Guide 1.2.18
`HAProxy
`Reference
`Manual 1.2.18
`HAProxy
`Architecture
`Guide 1.3.15
`
`
`
`Exhibit
`A
`
`B
`
`C
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`D
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`E
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`F
`G
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`H
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`I
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`J
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`K
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`L
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`M
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`N
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`103106177.1
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`Case 2:19-cv-00414-JRG Document 101 Filed 09/29/21 Page 4 of 20 PageID #: 5500
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`
`
`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
`
`Cases
`
`Page(s)
`
`Nassau Precision Casting Co. v. Acushnet Co.,
`566 Fed. Appx. 933, 938 (Fed. Cir. 2014) .................................................................................2
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`103106177.1
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`RESTRICTED – ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY and RESTRICTED – SOURCE CODE
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`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`Plaintiff accuses the prior art.
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`
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`
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` Ex. A (Rhyne Infr. Rep.) at ¶ 180. To be clear HAProxy
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`servers, functionality, and the accused configuration scripts are all described in prior art HAProxy
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`documentation. See Ex. D (Freedman Rep.) at ¶¶ 257-77. Thus, to the extent Plaintiff maintains
`
`its infringement theory, there is no basis to distinguish the prior art. And, to the extent Plaintiff
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`distinguishes the prior art, any such argument necessarily leads to noninfringement. At deposition,
`
`Dr. Rhyne—who issued separate reports on infringement and validity—chose the latter.
`
`In addressing the HAProxy prior art, Dr. Rhyne focused on a particular step of ’511 Patent
`
`Claim 1: “selecting, in response to the receiving of the first content identifier from the first client
`
`device, an IP address from the group.” Ex. B (Rhyne Rebuttal Rep.) at ¶ 756.
`
`
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` Ex. C (Rhyne Tr.) at
`
`171:7-172:10.
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` Id. at 174:20-175:16.
`
` Id. at 178:11-179:3.1 Rather,
`
` Id.
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`Dr. Rhyne’s distinction of the prior art is fatal to his infringement theory.
`
` See Ex. A (Rhyne Infr. Rep.) at ¶ 180.
`
`
`1 All emphasis added unless otherwise indicated.
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`Neither party requested construction of “in response to the receiving of the first content
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`identifier” and, thus, Dr. Rhyne is free to offer his opinion of a POSITA’s view of the plain
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`language of this term. But that view must apply equally for infringement and validity. See Nassau
`
`Precision Casting Co. v. Acushnet Co., 566 Fed. Appx. 933, 938 (Fed. Cir. 2014). Accepting Dr.
`
`Rhyne’s testimony above, the Court should grant partial summary judgment of noninfringement
`
`of the ’511 Patent on
`
` of Plaintiff’s
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` infringement theories (presented in the alternative)
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`because they cannot be reconciled with his deposition testimony.2 Alternatively, to the extent Dr.
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`Rhyne’s infringement theory in which “in response to the receiving” is met by selecting “upon”
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`receiving is accepted, Dr. Rhyne has conceded that the prior art HAProxy meets all claim elements,
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`and the Court should grant summary judgment of invalidity.
`
`II.
`
`STATEMENT OF ISSUE TO BE DECIDED
`
`1) Accepting Dr. Rhyne’s deposition testimony on what is required for the “selecting” step
`
`of ’511 Patent Claim 1 to be “in response to the receiving of the first content identifier,” whether
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`two of Plaintiff’s three infringement theories are contrary to Dr. Rhyne’s testimony.
`
`2) Alternatively, if the “selecting” step of ’511 Patent Claim 1 is “in response to the
`
`receiving of the first content identifier” when occurring “upon receiving” the content identifier
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`without considering the contents of “the first content identifier,” whether the asserted claims are
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`invalid.
`
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`2
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`III.
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`STATEMENT OF UNDISPUTED MATERIAL FACTS
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`A.
`
`1.
`
`’511 Patent Claim 1
`
`’511 Patent Claim 1 recites:
`
`1. A method for fetching, by a first client device, a first content identified by a first
`content identifier and stored in a web server, for use with a first server that stores a
`group of IP addresses, the method by the first server comprising:
`
`[1] receiving, from the first client device, the first content identifier;
`
`[2] selecting, in response to the receiving of the first content identifier from the first
`client device, an IP address from the group;
`
`[3] sending, in response to the selecting, the first content identifier to the web server
`using the selected IP address;
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`[4] receiving, in response to the sending, the first content from the web server; and
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`[5] sending the received first content to the first client device,
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`wherein the first content comprises a web-page, an audio, or a video content, and
`wherein the first content identifier comprises a Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
`
`Ex. F (’511 Patent) at Claim 1.
`
`2.
`
`Because the claim recites that Step 2 is “in response to the receiving” (Step 1), Step
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`2 necessarily occurs after Step 1. Likewise, because the claim recites that Step 3 is “in response
`
`to the selecting” (Step 2), Step 3 necessarily occurs after Step 2.
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`3.
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`The elements of Claim 1 can be roughly divided into two general concepts. First,
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`Step 1, a portion of Step 3 (“sending … the first content identifier to the web server”), Step 4, and
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`Step 5 recite a “first server” acting as a conventional proxy server. Second, the preamble recites
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`the first server “stor[ing] a group of IP addresses,” Step 2 requires “selecting, in response to the
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`receiving of the first content identifier from the first client device, an IP address from the group,”
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`and Step 3 further requires performing the sending to the web server “in response to the selecting”
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`and “using the selected IP address.” Id.
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`4.
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`The Court construed “sending . . . the first content identifier to the web server using
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`the selected IP address” to mean “sending . . . the first content identifier to the web server using
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`the selected IP address as either a sending address or a receiving address.” Ex. H (Supplemental
`
`CC Order) at 7.3
`
`5.
`
`No party requested, and the Court did not construe the phrase “in response to the
`
`receiving of the first content identifier from the first client device” in Step 2. See Ex. I (Code200
`
`CC Order).
`
`6.
`
`(Rhyne Tr.) at 178:11-179:3.
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` Id. Specifically:
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` Ex. C
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`Id.
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`B.
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`7.
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`Prior Art HAProxy
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`“HAProxy is a free, very fast and reliable solution offering high availability, load
`
`balancing, and proxying for TCP and HTTP-based applications.” Ex. D (Freedman Rep.) at ¶ 258.
`
`As of May 2008, the HAProxy web page made publicly available documentation divided into
`
`
`3 Claim construction in this matter is governed by the Orders and final constructions entered in
`Bright Data Ltd. v. Teso lt, UAB et al., Case No. 2:19-cv-395 (“Teso”) and Bright Data Ltd. v.
`Code200, UAB et al., Case No. 2:19-cv-396 (“Code200”). Ex. G (Tefincom CC Order).
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`sections including Ex. L (HAProxy Architecture Guide 1.2.18), Ex. M (HAProxy Reference
`
`Manual 1.2.18), and Ex. N (HAProxy Architecture Guide 1.3.15) (collectively, “HAProxy
`
`Documentation”). Ex. K (Hall Dec.) at ¶¶ 5-7.
`
`8.
`
`As described in the HAProxy Documentation, prior art HAProxy servers served an
`
`intermediary between the client and Server A:
`
`
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`Ex. L (HAProxy Architecture Guide 1.2.18) at NORD0183520; Ex. D (Freedman Rep.) at ¶ 262.
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`9.
`
`Dr. Rhyne agreed that the HAProxy server in the middle of the diagram is a
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`“server.” Ex. C (Rhyne Tr.) at 162:2-11. Dr. Rhyne agreed that the “client” on the left of the
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`diagram “can be the first client device of the claim.” Id. at 162:17-22. Dr. Rhyne agreed that
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`“server A” on the right of the diagram is a “web server.” Id. at 162:23-163:10. Dr. Rhyne agreed
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`“that HA proxy received a first content identifier from a client.” Id. at 167:12-15. Dr. Rhyne
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`agreed “that HA proxy sends that first content identifier to a web server identified as server A.”
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`Id. at 167:16-168:3. Dr. Rhyne agreed that “in response to the sending of the [URI1] by HA proxy
`
`[to] server A, HA proxy receives content corresponding to [URI1] in an [HTTP 200 OK] message.”
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`Id. at 168:5-10. Dr. Rhyne agreed that “HA proxy then in turns sends the received content back
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`to what is labeled a client.” Id. at 168:11-20.
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`10.
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`The HAProxy Documentation further discloses HAProxy configuration scripts
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`stored on the HAProxy server include a series of rows with different sending instructions and a
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`“balance” command indicating how to select among the rows. Ex. D (Freedman Rep.) at ¶ 262.
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`One example is shown below:
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`
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`Ex. L (HAProxy Architecture Guide 1.2.18) at NORD0183520; Ex. D (Freedman Rep.) at ¶ 265.
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`11.
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`Dr. Rhyne agreed that in the example above that the text “balance roundrobin”
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`“means that HA proxy will select one of the four rows that begin with server as each message
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`arrives in a round Robin fashion.” Ex. C (Rhyne Tr.) at 171:7-14. And, Dr. Rhyne agreed that
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`because “there is a different IP address” in each row, “when HA proxy in action performs its round
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`Robin balance it is going to select one of those four IP addresses as the destination IP address
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`based on its round Robin methodology.” Id. at 171:20-172:10. As discussed above, Dr. Rhyne
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`testified that selecting using a “round robin” methodology does not meet the claim language of
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`selecting “in response to the receiving of the first content identifier from the first client device”
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`because the claimed selection must be “based on receiving that identifier” and in a “round robin”
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`methodology “there’s no link” to the actual content identifier. Id. at 178:11-179:3.
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`12.
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`The prior art HAProxy Documentation also discloses another balance method
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`called “leastconn” in which “[t]he server with the lowest number of connections receives the
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`connection” and “[r]ound-robin is performed within groups of servers of the same load.” Ex. N
`
`(HAProxy Architecture Guide 1.3.15) at NORD0183625-26. Like “round robin,” this balance
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`method is automatic and is not linked to the actual content identifier.
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`13.
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`In rebutting the mapping of Defendant’s invalidity expert, Dr. Freedman, Dr. Rhyne
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`asserted only that Dr. Freedman’s mapping of Claim 1 fails to show HAProxy discloses the
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`“selecting” step (Step 3) of Claim 1 or that the “sending” (Step 4) is in response to the “selecting”
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`because that step was not performed. See Ex. B (Rhyne Rebuttal Rep.) at ¶¶ 753-61. Specifically,
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`Dr. Rhyne asserts that HAProxy does not disclose the activities mapped to selecting as being “in
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`response to an event associated with a client device, such as receiving of a content identifier.” Id.
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`at ¶¶ 756, 758, 760. Dr. Rhyne does not raise any independent challenge for any dependent claim
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`other than reiterating the absence of the claimed “selecting.” Id. at ¶¶ 762-72.
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`Dr. Rhyne’s Infringement Allegations
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`C.
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`14.
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` Ex. A (Rhyne Infr. Rep.) at ¶ 153; Ex. C (Rhyne Tr.)
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`at 130:22-131:7
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`1.
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`15.
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` Ex. A (Rhyne Infr. Rep.) at ¶ 154; Ex. C (Rhyne Tr.) at 149:21-150:15.
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`16.
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`Dr. Rhyne testified
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`:
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`Ex. C (Rhyne Tr.) at 38:11-39:23. Dr. Rhyne further testified:
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` Id. at 41:18-43:2.
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`17.
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`Dr. Almeroth
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`likewise confirmed
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`J (Almeroth Rep.) at ¶ 170. But
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` Id. And,
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` Id. at ¶ 171.
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`2.
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`18.
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`Dr. Rhyne alleged:
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`Infr. Rep.) at ¶ 180. Dr. Rhyne does not provide any explanation of why selecting “
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`” meets his view how this selecting is “in response to the receiving of the first
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` Ex. A (Rhyne
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`content identifier.” Id.
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`19.
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`To show alleged infringement, Dr. Rhyne cited to
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`:
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`Ex. A (Rhyne Infr. Rep.) at ¶ 180, n.111, n.112. Dr. Rhyne explained that
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` Id. at ¶ 180.
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`20.
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`Dr. Almeroth further explained that
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`¶ 164.
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` Ex. J (Almeroth Rep.) at
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` Id. In fact,
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` Id.
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`IV.
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`THE ACCUSED “SELECTING” FUNCTIONALITY CANNOT MEET DR.
`RHYNE’S UNDERSTANDING OF SELECTING “IN RESPONSE TO THE
`RECEIVING”
`
`A.
`
`Any Accused “Selecting” During
`“Receiving” Step
`
` Occurs Before the
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`As discussed in Section III.C.1, above, Dr. Rhyne asserted that Defendant practices the
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`’511 Patent when
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` Ex. A (Rhyne Infr. Rep.) at ¶ 153.
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` Ex. C (Rhyne Tr.) at 149:21-150:15. But this “selecting” cannot be the
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`claimed “selecting” because it occurs before the accused “receiving.”
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`Specifically, ’511 Patent Claim 1 recites, in part:
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`[1] receiving, from the first client device, the first content identifier;
`
`[2] selecting, in response to the receiving of the first content identifier from the
`first client device, an IP address from the group;
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`[3] sending, in response to the selecting, the first content identifier to the web server
`using the selected IP address;
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`Ex. F (’511 Patent) at Claim 1. Based on the plain language, the claimed selecting must occur
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`chronologically after the claimed receiving of the content identifier. But, here, the accused
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`selecting occurs before the accused receiving. As such, the accused selecting cannot meet Step 2.
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`Dr. Rhyne mapped the “receiving” step to
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` Ex. C (Rhyne Tr.) at 38:11-39:23.
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` Id. at 41:18-43:2. That is,
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` See also Ex. J (Almeroth Rep.) at ¶ 194.
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`Thus, the accused “selection” of an IP address during
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` cannot meet the
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`plain language of the claim because it occurs before the alleged “receiving” step. Dr. Rhyne does
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`not and could not accuse
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` as meeting the “receiving” step because
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`
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` does not contain the “content identifier” that “identifies the first content” as recited in
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`the preamble. Ex. F (’511 Patent) at Claim 1. Nor is
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` sent to the web server as
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`required by Step 3. See Ex. J (Almeroth Rep.) at ¶ 170. Therefore, the Court should grant partial
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`summary judgment of noninfringement for this theory.
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`B.
`
` Is Not “Linked” To or “Based On” The
`Any “Selecting” of an
`Received Content Identifier As Required by Dr. Rhyne
`
`As discussed in Section III.C.2, above,
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` Ex. A (Rhyne Infr. Rep.) at ¶ 153.
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` Id. at ¶ 180.
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`Tr.) at 178:11-179:3.
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` Id.; see
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`Section III.C.2, above (citing to Ex. A (Rhyne Infr. Rep.) at ¶ 180, n.111 and reproducing
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`Further, Dr. Rhyne explained that
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`).
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` Id. at ¶ 180.
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` Ex. C (Rhyne Tr.) at 178:11-179:3.
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`Finally, Dr. Rhyne’s
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` As Dr. Almeroth
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` Ex. J (Almeroth Rep.) at ¶ 164.
`
` Ex.
`
`C (Rhyne Tr.) at 178:11-179:3.
`
`
`
`
`
` Therefore, the Court should grant
`
`partial summary judgment of noninfringement for this theory.
`
`103106177.1
`
`- 12 -
`
`Page 16 of 20
`
`

`

`Case 2:19-cv-00414-JRG Document 101 Filed 09/29/21 Page 17 of 20 PageID #: 5513
`
`RESTRICTED – ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY and RESTRICTED – SOURCE CODE
`
`V.
`
`TO THE EXTENT PLAINTIFF DISAVOWS DR. RHYNE’S UNDERSTANDING
`OF SELECTING “IN RESPONSE TO THE RECEIVING,” THE CLAIMS ARE
`INVALID OVER PRIOR ART HAPROXY
`
`
`
`
`
` Ex. A (Rhyne Infr. Report) at ¶ 180. To the extent selecting “upon receiving content
`
`requests” is sufficient to meet the limitation of selecting “in response to the receiving of the first
`
`content identifier from the first client device,” the Court should grant summary judgment of
`
`invalidity.
`
`Dr. Rhyne’s report challenges Dr. Freedman’s mapping only for the “selecting” step and
`
`any subsequent interlinked elements and only based on selecting not being “in response to the
`
`receiving of the first content identifier from the first client device.” See Ex. B (Rhyne Rebuttal
`
`Rep.) at ¶¶ 753-61; see also § III.B (listing Dr. Rhyne’s deposition testimony affirmatively
`
`confirming HAProxy discloses the other steps of Claim 1).
`
` Ex. C (Rhyne Tr.) at 171:7-14.
`
` Id. at 171:20-172:10.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`independent challenge to Dr. Freedman’s mapping of any dependent claim (see Ex. B (Rhyne
`
`Rebuttal Rep.) at ¶¶ 762-72), the Court should find all asserted dependent claims invalid, as well.
`
` Further, because Dr. Rhyne raises no
`
`103106177.1
`
`- 13 -
`
`Page 17 of 20
`
`

`

`Case 2:19-cv-00414-JRG Document 101 Filed 09/29/21 Page 18 of 20 PageID #: 5514
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`RESTRICTED – ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY and RESTRICTED – SOURCE CODE
`
`VI. CONCLUSION
`
`For the reasons discussed, if Dr. Rhyne’s deposition testimony regarding a POSITA’s
`
`understanding of “in response to receiving the content identifier” is accepted, the Court should
`
`grant partial summary judgment of noninfringement of the ’511 Patent. If the scope of that term
`
`used in Dr. Rhyne’s infringement mapping is accepted, the Court should grant summary judgment
`
`of invalidity.
`
`103106177.1
`
`- 14 -
`
`Page 18 of 20
`
`

`

`Case 2:19-cv-00414-JRG Document 101 Filed 09/29/21 Page 19 of 20 PageID #: 5515
`
`RESTRICTED – ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY and RESTRICTED – SOURCE CODE
`
`Date: September 27, 2021
`
`By: /s/ Daniel S. Leventhal
`
`SCHEEF & STONE, LLP
`
`Michael C. Smith
`Texas State Bar No. 18650410
`Michael.Smith@solidcounsel.com
`113 East Austin Street
`Marshall, Texas 75670
`Tel: (903) 938-8900
`Fax: (972) 767-4620
`
`CHARHON CALLAHAN ROBSON
`& GARZA, PLLC
`
`Steven Callahan
`Texas State Bar No. 24053122
`scallahan@ccrglaw.com
`Craig Tolliver
`Texas State Bar No. 24028049
`ctolliver@ccrglaw.com
`George T. “Jorde” Scott
`Texas State Bar No. 24061276
`jscott@ccrglaw.com
`Mitchell Sibley
`Texas State Bar No. 24073097
`msibley@ccrglaw.com
`John Charles Heuton (pro hac vice)
`New York State Bar: 4305371
`jheuton@ccrglaw.com
`3333 Lee Parkway, Suite 460
`Dallas, Texas 75219
`Tel: (214) 521-6400
`Fax: (214) 764-8392
`
`NORTON ROSE FULBRIGHT US LLP
`
`Brett C. Govett
`Texas State Bar No. 08235900
`Arthur P. Licygiewicz
`Ohio State Bar No. 0068458
`art.licygiewicz@nortonrosefulbright.com
`Brett.govett@nortonrosefulbright.com
`Brandy S. Nolan
`
`103106177.1
`
`- 15 -
`
`Page 19 of 20
`
`

`

`Case 2:19-cv-00414-JRG Document 101 Filed 09/29/21 Page 20 of 20 PageID #: 5516
`
`RESTRICTED – ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY and RESTRICTED – SOURCE CODE
`
`Texas State Bar No. 24070337
`Brandy.nolan@nortonrosefulbright.com
`2200 Ross Avenue, Suite 3600
`Dallas, Texas 75201-7932
`Tel: (214) 855-8000
`Fax: (214) 855-8200
`
`Daniel S. Leventhal
`Texas State Bar. No. 24050923
`Daniel.leventhal@nortonrosefulbright.com
`1301 McKinney, Suite 5100
`Houston, Texas 77010-3095
`Tel: (713) 651-5151
`Fax: (713) 651-5246
`
`Brett McKean
`Texas State Bar No. 24057994
`Brett.mckean@nortonrosefulbright.com
`98 San Jacinto Boulevard, Suite 1100
`Austin, Texas 78701-4255
`Tel: (512) 536-3094
`Fax: (512) 536-4598
`
`Counsel for Tefincom S.A. dba NordVPN
`
`
`
`CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
`
`I certify that the foregoing document was served by email on September 27, 2021 pursuant to
`Local Rule CV-5(a) on all counsel who have consented to electronic service.
`
`
`/s/ Daniel S. Leventhal
`Daniel S. Leventhal
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORIZATION TO SEAL
`
`Pursuant to Local Rule CV-5(a)(7)(B), the undersigned certifies that the foregoing pleading is filed
`under seal pursuant to the Court’s Protective Order.
`
`/s/ Daniel S. Leventhal
`Daniel S. Leventhal
`
`103106177.1
`
`- 16 -
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`Page 20 of 20
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`

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