International Bureau
`
`(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(19) World Intellectual Property
`Organization
`
`1111111111111111 IIIIII IIIII 111111111111111 II Ill 111111111111111 IIIII IIIII IIII IIIIIII IIII 11111111
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(10) International Publication Number
`(43) International Publication Date
`
`WO 2015/079334 Al
`4 June 2015 (04.06.2015) WIPO I PCT
`
`� �
`
`(81)
`Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every
`
`
`
`
`(51) International Patent Classification:
`
`
`A0IN 37/44 (2006.01) A0IN 43/653 (2006.01)
`
`
`
`
`kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM,
`A0IN 37/34 (2006.01) A0IN 43/54 (2006.01)
`AO,AT,AU,AZ,BA,BB,BG,BH,BN,BR,BW,BY,
`A0IP 3/00 (2006.01)
`BZ,CA,CH,CL,CN,CO,CR,CU,CZ,DE,DK,DM,
`
`DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT,
`(21) International Application Number:
`
`
`HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR,
`PCT/IB2014/06489 l
`
`KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG,
`
`MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM,
`
`
`
`PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC,
`27 September 2014 (27.09.2014)
`
`SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN,
`English
`
`TR, TT, TZ, VA, VG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW.
`
`
`
`(25) Filing Language:
`
`(22) International Filing Date:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(26) Publication Language:
`
`(30) Priority Data:
`
`
`1336/KOL/2013 26 November 2013 (26.l l .2013) IN
`
`English
`(84)
`Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every
`
`
`
`
`
`
`kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH,
`
`
`
`GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ,
`
`TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU,
`
`
`(71) Applicant: UPL LIMITED [IN/IN]; Agrochemical Plant,
`
`TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE,
`
`
`
`
`
`Durgachak, Midnapore Dist., West Bengal, Haldia 721 602
`
`
`
`
`DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU,
`(IN).
`
`
`
`
`LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK,
`
`
`
`
`SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ,
`Inventors: DE OLIVEIRA, Gilson, Aparecido, Herme­
`
`
`
`
`
`GW, KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG).
`
`
`negildo; United Phosphorus do Brasil Ltda, Avenida
`
`
`Jandira, 257, Cjt 142 / 143, Indianapolis, Sao Paulo -SP
`
`
`
`(BR). SHROFF, Jaidev, Rajnikant; Uniphos House,
`
`
`
`
`
`Madhu Park, l l th Road, Khar (West), State of Maha­
`
`patent (Rule 4.17 (ii))
`
`rashtra, Mumbai 400 052 (IN). SHROFF, Vikram, Ra­
`
`
`
`
`jnikant; Uniphos House, Madhu Park, l l th Road, Khar
`
`
`(West), State of Maharashtra, Mumbai 400 052 (IN).
`
`Declarations under Rule 4.17:
`
`as to applicant's entitlement to apply for and be granted a
`
`as to the applicant's entitlement to claim the priority of the
`
`
`
`
`
`earlier application (Rule 4.17 (iii))
`
`(72)
`
`;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
`
`-
`
`--
`
`-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
`
`
`;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
`
`(74) Agents: MAJUMDAR, Subhatosh et al.; S Majumdar & Published:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CO, 5, Harish Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700025 (IN). with international search report (Art. 21 (3))
`
`- -
`
`--
`
`--;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
` -;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
`
`
`
`-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
`
`-
`
`- --
`
`-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
` -
`
`-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
`;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
`
`- -
`
`--;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
` -
`
`
`
`(54) Title: A METHOD FOR CONTROLLING RUST
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(57) Abstract: A combination comprising a multi-site contact fungicide, a first systemic fungicide and optionally a second systemic
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`fungicide and a method using the same.
`
`SYNGENTA EXHIBIT 1007
`Syngenta v. UPL, PGR2023-00017
`
`

`

`WO 2015/079334
`
`PCT /IB2014/064891
`
`1
`
`A METHOD FOR CONTROLLING RUST
`
`Technical Field of the invention:
`
`The present invention relates to a method for the prevention and/or treatment of
`
`phytopathogenic fungi. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of using
`
`fungicides for the prevention and/or treatment of Asian soybean rust in leguminous plants.
`
`Background of the invention:
`
`The fungus of the genus Phakopsora is known to infect legumes. Two most prominent strains
`
`of the genus are Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibmniae. Soybean rust caused by
`
`Phakopsora pachyrhizi is the most damaging disease affecting the yield of leguminous plants
`
`causing widespread damage to crops and depleting yield from 10 to 90% if not treated in
`
`tirne. Commonly known as Asian Soybean Rust (ASR), Phakopsora pachyrhizi infections
`
`must be detected early and treated early so as to prevent the geographic spread of the disease,
`
`which is airborne and causes severe loss of yield. l11e disease spreads through spores called
`
`urediniospores which are carried through the environs, resulting in wide spread damage. l11e
`
`disease earlier restricted to Asia and Australia has spread to Africa and in the past two
`
`decades, spread to South and North America. The first detection in the Americas was in
`
`2001 in South America; from there it spread to North America where it was first detected in
`
`2004.
`
`Phalwpsora pachyrhizi is known to infect over 30 legumes including commercially
`
`important edible beans as well as kudzu. l11e additional host crops serve as a reservoir for
`
`spores which can settle over the winter on the host crops and then spread in warmer weather.
`
`Early detection and treatment of Phakopsora is very essential to prevent the spread of disease
`
`and the loss of yield. Fungicides typically recommended for the treatment of this disease
`
`include Qo inhibitors (Quinone outside inhibitors), DM inhibitors (demethylation inhibitor),
`
`SDH Inhibitors (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors). These fungicides when applied alone
`
`provided some control but, resistance ·was quickly observed, specifically in DM inhibitors (K
`
`

`

`WO 2015/079334
`
`PCT /IB2014/064891
`
`2
`
`Schmitz et.al, Pest Management Science, Vol. 69, Issue 10 (2013)). Combination of Qo
`
`and DM inhibitors are also kno\vn in the art for the treatment of the disease, however, the
`
`treatment is not effective in controlling the disease and improving yields at the same time.
`
`Also, resistance to DM inhibitors effectively renders such combination compositions useless
`
`as the ASR strains can effectively overcome the effects of DM inhibitors. Venancio et.al
`
`(Poster #24, 201 1 Field Crops Rust Symposium) taught the use of combination of
`
`stroilurins (Qo inhibitors) and triazoles (DM inhibitors) for the treatment of ASR, the control
`
`of the disease was found to be favorable; however, yield was significantly low, and some
`
`combinations showed lower disease control and significantly poor yield. Older studies have
`
`demonstrated the use of multi-site inhibitor fungicides such as chloronitriles and
`
`dithiocarbamate for the treatment of Soybean Rust; however, none of the multi-site inhibitor
`
`fungicides were successful in the control of the disease or the increase in yield.
`
`The most important factor in Soybean Rust is the loss of foliage that results in the loss of
`
`nutrients and decrease in the overall yield of the crop. Numerous papers have been published
`
`that demonstrate moderate increase in yield with the application of fungicides. However,
`
`there is a need for a method of treatment that demonstrates improved yields along with
`
`preventive and/or curative capabilities in the treatment of Soybean Rust.
`
`Compositions comprising the single actives used in the treatment of ASR have demonstrated
`
`very little control as compared to combinations, however, the cost and concentrations of such
`
`combination fungicides used in the treatment of ASR is significantly higher. There is
`
`therefore a need in the art for a method of treatment that provides excellent control over
`
`Asian Soybean Rust in host plants, as well as provides high yields, maintain nutrition and
`
`quality of the plants.
`
`Hartrm1n, G. L, Samfazmi, K lVL. and Tschanz, A. 1'., Sd.t'.n.Hfic eds. 19�}2, Amwtated
`
`bibliography e�l soybean
`rust
`(Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow), A VRDC Lilm:uy
`Bibliography Series 4�1 5 Tropical Vegt'.table In.fonn.ation. Service, Taipei: Asian
`
`Vegehabk Research and Dfvefopmtnt Center, reconunended the use of lriadilnefon.
`
`

`

`WO 2015/079334
`
`PCT /IB2014/064891
`
`3
`
`thiabem.bzole, chlorothalonil and certain ethvlenebis--dithiocarbamates for the control of
`
`soybean rust. 'The protection offered by triadirnefon was inconsistent, in companson to
`
`mancozeb, although it succes;.;foUy prevented yield losses. However, triadimefon required
`
`frequent applicatiom at 10-20 day intervals, starting frorn the fiovv·ering stage in order to
`
`retain its effectiveness. T.hiabendazole ,vas found to be Jess effective than certain ethy1enehis-­
`
`dithiocarbarnates, and further was found effective only when u;.;ed vvith oxycarbox in.
`
`Thiabendazok was also found to be phytotox ic. Ch1orothaloni1 offered equal or worse rust
`
`control vis-i�~vis the other fongicides recoinrnended in this paper.
`
`'The use of ethyknebis-dithiocarbamates such as mancozeb, lind} or rnaneb alone has been
`
`found effective for the control of ;.;oybean rust 'Nhen applied 7 to 21 days apart, provided the
`
`first application was made three weeks after planting and continued as late as tiU the
`
`flowering stage. Moreover, not aU the smdied showed yield increase due to the individual
`
`applications of ethyknebis~dithiocarbamate;.;_
`
`Oxycarboxin ,vas found less effective than ethy1enehis--dithiocarbamates, was found
`
`inconsistent in rnst control and yield protection varied ,vith the particular stm.iy. Oxycarboxin
`
`is also requ.ired to ·be a.pplieri ,;vh_en lesions fjrst appear ancl tl1en at 7--intervals for effecti,ve
`
`control, which i;.; expensive and inconvenient.
`
`Azoxystrohin is another fungicide, which has been recommended for ;.;oybean rust control.
`
`However, it i;.; .kno,vn in the art that a single 1ate application of azoxystrobin doe;.; not control
`
`soybean rust or protect yield los;.;es.
`
`A recent survey by the present applicant found that a limited number of about 8--10
`
`fungicides were approved to be used for the control of soybean rn;.;t, which are;
`
`(A) Conazole type tung1c1des such as myc1obutaniL propiconazole, tetrnconazole and
`
`tebuconazole�
`
`(H) Strobilurin type fungicides such a;.; az.oxystrohin and pyraclostrobin;
`
`

`

`WO 2015/079334
`
`PCT /IB2014/064891
`
`4
`
`(C) Combinations of conazole and strobilmin type fongicides such as propiconazole +
`
`trilfoxystrobin; and
`
`(D)Ethylenehis--dithiocarbamates such as mancozeh.
`
`Thu;.;, additional fungicides are needed for soybean rust control due to economic reasons as
`
`\vell as for resistance rrn.ma_gement strategies. However, the chojce of fungicides for soybean
`
`i;.; not straightfon.vard.
`
`Soybean is not usually treated ,;vith foliar fungicjdes. Therefore, the choice of a protective
`
`foljar fungicide leaves open the question of its app!icatlon methods or the effect of the
`
`particular selected fongicide on the crop. The pathogen for soybean rnst is usually found on
`
`the Jcn.ver leaves of the plant 1-vhere the lesion mnnbers increases as the inoculum builds up.
`
`As the plant begins to flower, thi;.; inoculurn builds up increases and the infection moves up
`
`the plant as the lovver leaves die off and drop, 'The crop needs protection from flov,u:ring
`
`stage to the pod fiU stage, during 1-vhich the plant canopy is very deme. The dense canopy is
`
`an effective barrier to penetration of fungicides applied over the top of the canopy. Therefore,
`
`foliar fungicides are not preferred during this stage of fungicida1 control, or even the
`
`systemic fungicide;.; that do not move dov,m the plant ;.;ystem present a problem.
`
`US 8044084 discloses a method for controUing harmful fungi by applying a combination of a
`
`strobilmin fungicide with an ethylene modulator. It ,vas found that the ho;.;t p1ants are
`
`damaged to a lesser extent than after the treatment ',vith a custornary fungicide. Specifically,
`
`this pawnt leaches a cornbination of pyradostrobin vv·ith prohexadiorw~Ca in weight rmio of
`
`from 20: J to 0.05: J.
`
`US 20 1 1 /0312493 teache;.; a method for controlling Asian ;.;oyhean rust The method
`
`compri;.;e;.; treating a glyphosate tolerant soybean p1ant propagation material vvith a fungicide
`'
`·1
`se1ected
`
`1pconazoie� epoxycon.azo1e�
`from
`flutriafol,
`
`tebuconazole,
`
`tnt1conazole,
`
`orysastrobin, prothioconazok, fluoxastrobin, azoxystrobin, for;.Hnelpyr, cyproconazok and
`
`subsequently ,vith glyphosme.
`
`

`

`WO 2015/079334
`
`PCT /IB2014/064891
`
`5
`
`US 2008/0153824 discloses for controlling rust infections in leguminous plants by using
`
`orysastrohin or a mixture of orysastrobin 'vvith azoles, acy1alanines, amine derivatives,
`.
`neterocyc .JC
`j'
`
`.
`
`. -i
`
`ditlu ocarbmates,
`
`compounds,
`
`anilinopyri mi dines,
`
`,·
`
`I
`
`tdcar Jox11moes,
`
`p 1eny pyrro es, cmnamHie;.; am.i ana ogs t ereo
`l
`1
`1
`.
`j h
`t'
`l
`· -1
`
`WO 2012/110 464 djscloses a method for controlling A.sian soybean rust by applying a
`
`succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide.
`
`There is a need in the art for a fungkidal method of control of soybean nrnt that takes into
`
`account the economics of fungicide application, the timing and number of sprays and lastly,
`
`the choice of the fungicide for an effective control. 'fhese issues present a considerab1e
`
`chaUenge to an agronomist.
`
`Moreover, the single fungicide treatment regimen for Asian Soybean Rust (ASR) has many
`
`drawbacks. Azoxystrobin was one of the first of the Qo inhibitors to be used for the treatment
`
`of soybean rust individually and it provided good control. However, according to FRAC
`
`guidelines, Azoxystrobin should be used more as a preventive fungicide rather than a
`
`curative fungicide. The risk of resistance to Qo inhibitors is also very high. Another
`
`drawback is that even at the lowest labeled rate of use product, Qo inhibitor fungicide still
`
`costs the highest.
`
`Alternatively, DM Inhibitors have shown good efficacy towards ASR, however, recent
`
`findings have suggested that Phakopsora pachyrhizi is capable of developing resistance to
`
`DM inhibitors.
`
`Combinations of Qo inhibitors and DM inhibitors are currently registered in the Americas
`
`have demonstrated 40 to 60% control of ASR. However, the control efficacy mixtures of
`
`DM inhibitors with Qo inhibitors have reduced in the past seasons. Also, there is no great
`
`increase in yield and no decrease in the stress on the plant due to pest pressure.
`
`

`

`WO 2015/079334
`
`PCT /IB2014/064891
`
`6
`
`Use of SDH inhibitors is also recommended for soybean rust control. However, single
`
`fungicides such as Boscalid offer only a moderate control of ASR.
`
`Dithiocarbamates, and mancozeb in particular, was one of the first fungicides to be used for
`
`the treatment of ASR. Over the years many trials have been conducted on the use of
`
`Mancozeb alone for the treatment of ASR. However, the efficacy of mancozeb alone towards
`
`soybean rust control requires further research.
`
`The present invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art, namely, the need for a
`
`method of treatment that wi !l not render Phakopsora resistant to actives, improve yield
`
`substantially and at reduced concentrations of actives, as well as reduced costs.
`
`Objects of the invention:
`
`The present invention, described hereinafter, achieves at least one of the following objects of
`
`the invention.
`
`It is an object of the present invention to provide a method to prevent and/or treat
`
`
`
`
`
`Phakopsora pachyrhizi and/or Phakopsora meibomiae infection in a host plant.
`
`
`
`
`
`It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of treating Soybean Rust in a
`
`host plant that boosts the nutrient 1eve1 in the plants and irnproves the quality of the plants.
`
`It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of treating Soybean Rust in a
`
`host plant such that the quantities of fungicides used in the treatment is greatly reduced.
`
`It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for treating soybean rust in a
`
`host plant wherein the fungicides used provides a synergistic control of soybean rust.
`
`Summary of the invention:
`
`

`

`WO 2015/079334
`
`PCT /IB2014/064891
`
`7
`
`In an aspect, the present invention provides an improved method of treating soybean rust
`
`infection in a host leguminous plant, wherein the improvement comprises treating the plant at
`
`the locus of the infection with a dithiocarbamate fungicide, and concurrently, prior or
`
`subsequently to the dithiocarbamate fungicide, with at least another fungicide selected from a
`
`demethylation inhibitor, quinone outside inhibitor, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor,
`
`quinone inside inhibitor or combinations thereof.
`
`In another aspect, the present invention provides a fungicidal combination for treating
`
`soybean rust infection in a host leguminous plant, wherein the combination comprises a first
`
`dithiocarbamate fungicide, and at least second fungicide selected from a demethylation
`
`inhibitor, quinone outside inhibitor, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, quinone inside
`
`inhibitor or combinations thereof.
`
`In another aspect, the present invention provides the use of a dithiocarbamate fungicide as a
`
`synergist to improve disease control in a host plant infected by soybean rust when applied
`
`subsequently, pnor or concurrently to at least another fungicide selected from a
`
`demethylation inhibitor, quinone outside inhibitor, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor,
`
`quinone inside inhibitor or combinations thereof.
`
`Detailed Description of the invention:
`
`It has surprisingly been found that the use of a contact protective dithiocarbamate fungicide
`
`along with at least one systemic fungicide effectively penetrates the dense canopy barrier of
`
`the infected leguminous plant while simultaneously not allowing the rust pathogen to move
`
`up the plant foliage. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the contact
`
`protective dithiocarbmate fungicide component of the combination effectively penetrates the
`
`dense plant foliage, while the systemic fungicide component effectively prevents the rust
`
`pathogen from infecting the remaining portion of the plant effectively reducing the
`
`susceptibility of the plant towards the infection. This synergistic complementation was not
`
`seen when either the foliar protective fungicide or the systemic fungicide were individually
`
`

`

`WO 2015/079334
`
`PCT /IB2014/064891
`
`8
`
`used in isolation, but was observed when the two fungicides were used in conjunction. This
`
`synergistic complementation between the contact preventive dithiocarbamate fungicide and a
`
`systemic fungicide for the treatment and control of Phakopsora species of fungicides was
`
`unexpected and surprising.
`
`Thus, in an aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating soybean rust in a host
`
`leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the locus of the
`
`infection with at least one multi-site contact fungicide; and concurrently, prior or
`
`subsequently to the multi-site contact fungicide, with at least one systemic fungicide.
`
`The multi-site contact fungicides of the present invention inhibit fungal growth through
`
`multiple sites of action and have contact and preventive activity. In an embodiment, the
`
`multi-site contact fungicide may be selected from copper fungicides, sulfur fungicides,
`
`dithiocarbamate fungicides, phthalimide fungicides, chloronitrile fungicides, sulfamide
`
`fungicides, guanidine fungicides, triazines fungicides and quinone fungicides.
`
`The copper fungicides of the present invention are inorganic compounds containing copper,
`
`typically in the copper (II) oxidation state and are preferably selected from copper
`
`oxychloride, copper sulfate, copper hydroxide and tribasic copper sulfate (Bordeaux
`
`mixture). The sulfur fungicides of the present invention are inorganic chemicals containing
`
`rings or chains of sulfur atoms and is preferably elemental sulfur. The dithiocarbamate
`
`fungicides of the present invention contain a dithiocarbamate molecular moiety and are
`
`selected from amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram,
`
`ferbam, metam, nabam,
`
`tecoram,
`
`thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb,
`
`mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate, propineb and zineb. The
`
`phthalimide fungicides of the present invention contain a phthalimide molecular moiety and
`
`are selected from folpet, captan and captafol. The chloronitrile fungicide of the present
`
`invention comprises an aromatic ring substituted with chloro- and cyano-substituents and is
`
`preferably chlorothalonil. The sulfamide fungicides of the present invention are preferably
`
`selected from dichlofluanid and tolylfluanid. The guanidine fungicides of the present
`
`

`

`WO 2015/079334
`
`PCT /IB2014/064891
`
`9
`
`invention are preferably selected from dodine, guazantine and iminoctaadine. The triazine
`
`fungicide of the present invention is preferably anilazine. The quinone fungicide of the
`
`present invention is preferably dithianon.
`
`In an embodiment, the multi-site contact fungicide of the present invention is a
`
`dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb,
`
`cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet,
`
`etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate, propineb and zineb.
`
`Thus, in this aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating soybean rust in a
`
`host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the locus of the
`
`infection with at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from amobam, asomate,
`
`azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram,
`
`thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram,
`
`polycarbamate, propineb and zineb; and concurrently, prior or subsequently to the
`
`dithiocarbamate fungicide, with at least one systemic fungicide.
`
`In an embodiment, the dithiocarbamate fungicide is mancozeb.
`
`In an embodiment, the multi-site contact fungicide is a combination of mancozeb and
`
`chlorothalonil.
`
`Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating soybean rust
`
`in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the locus of
`
`the infection with mancozeb; and concurrently, prior or subsequently to mancozeb, with at
`
`least one systemic fungicide.
`
`The term contact fungicide as used herein for the dithiocarbamate fungicides denotes a
`
`fungicide that remains at the site where it is applied but does not travel within the plant.
`
`Typically, these fungicides do not show any post-infection activity.
`
`

`

`WO 2015/079334
`
`PCT /IB2014/064891
`
`10
`
`In an embodiment, the contact dithiocarbamate fungicide may be applied repeatedly at the
`
`site of the infection at pre-determined time intervals.
`
`The term "systemic fungicide" as used herein shall denote a fungicide that is absorbed into
`
`the plant tissue and possesses at least some amount of an after-infection activity. Preferably,
`
`the systemic fungicide of the present invention is capable of moving freely throughout the
`
`plant. However, the term "systemic fungicide" is intended herein to include the upwardly
`
`systemic fungicide as well as the locally systemic fungicide.
`
`In an embodiment, the systemic fungicide is preferably a quinone outside inhibitor (QoI). In
`
`this embodiment, the quinone outside inhibitor is selected from an imidazolinone fungicide,
`
`an oxazolidinedione fungicide or a strobilurin fungicide.
`
`Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating soybean rust
`
`in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the locus of
`
`the infection with at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from amobam, asomate,
`
`azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram,
`
`thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram,
`
`polycarbamate, propineb and zineb, or combinations thereof with chlorothalonil; and
`
`concurrently, prior or subsequently to the dithiocarbamate fungicide, with at least one
`
`quinone outside inhibitor.
`
`The QoI inhibitors useful in this embodiment of the present invention effect the inhibition of
`
`complex III: cytochrome bcl (ubiquinol oxidase) at Qo site i.e. cyt b gene.
`
`In one embodiment, the imidazolinone fungicide is fenamidone.
`
`In another embodiment, the oxazolidinedione fungicide is famoxadone.
`
`In another embodiment, the strobilurin fungicide is selected from the group consisting of
`
`azoxystrobin,
`
`mandestrobin,
`
`coumoxystrobin,
`
`enoxastrobin,
`
`flufenoxystrobin,
`
`

`

`WO 2015/079334
`
`PCT /IB2014/064891
`
`1 1
`
`pyraoxystrobin,
`
`dimoxystrobin,
`
`enestrobin,
`
`fluoxastrobin,
`
`kresoxim-methyl,
`
`metominostrobin,
`
`orysastrobin,
`
`picoxystrobin,
`
`pyrametostrobin,
`
`triclopyricarb,
`
`fenaminstrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin.
`
`In another embodiment, the systemic fungicide of the present invention 1s preferably a
`
`demethylation inhibitor (DMI).
`
`Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating soybean rust
`
`in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the locus of
`
`the infection with at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from amobam, asomate,
`
`azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram,
`
`thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram,
`
`polycarbamate, propineb and zineb or combinations thereof with chlorothalonil; and
`
`concurrently, prior or subsequently to the dithiocarbamate fungicide, with at least one
`
`demethylation inhibitor.
`
`In this embodiment, the preferred DMI inhibitor is preferably a conazole fungicide selected
`
`from the group consisting of climbazole, clotrimazole, imazalil, oxpoconazole, prochloraz,
`
`prochloraz-manganese, triflumizole, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole,
`
`diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole,
`
`fenbuconazole, fluotrimazole,
`
`fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol,
`
`furconazole,
`
`furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil,
`
`pencoconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole,
`
`tetraconazole,
`
`triadimefon,
`
`triadimenol,
`
`triticonazole, uniconazole, perfurazoate and
`
`uniconazole-P.
`
`In another embodiment, the preferred DMI inhibitor is preferably selected from triflurnizole,
`
`triforine, pyridinitrile, pyrifenox, fenarimol, nuarimol and triarimol.
`
`In another embodiment, the systemic fungicide of the present invention is a combination of at
`
`least one quinone outside inhibitor and at least demethylation inhibitor.
`
`

`

`WO 2015/079334
`
`PCT /IB2014/064891
`
`12
`
`Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating soybean rust
`
`in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the locus of
`
`the infection with at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from amobam, asomate,
`
`azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram,
`
`thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet, etem, milneb, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram,
`
`polycarbamate, propineb and zineb; and concurrently, prior or subsequently to the
`
`dithiocarbamate fungicide, with at least one quinone outside inhibitor and at least one
`
`demethylation inhibitor.
`
`In an embodiment, the preferred quinone outside inhibitor is a strobilurin fungicide and the
`
`preferred demethylation inhibitor is a conazole fungicide. In this embodiment, the preferred
`
`dithiocarbamate is selected from the group consisting of thiram, ziram, mancozeb, maneb,
`
`metiram, propineb and zineb.
`
`Therefore, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating soybean
`
`rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the locus
`
`of the infection with at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide selected from thiram, ziram,
`
`mancozeb, maneb, metiram, propineb and zineb or combinations thereof with chlorothalonil;
`
`and concurrently, prior or subsequently to the dithiocarbamate fungicide, with at least one
`
`strobilurin fungicide and at least one conazole fungicide.
`
`In an embodiment, the preferred dithiocarbamate is mancozeb. In this embodiment, the
`
`preferred strobilurin fungicide is selected from trifloxystrobin, picoxystrobin, azoxystrobin or
`
`pyraclostrobin, while the preferred conazole fungicide is selected from prothioconazole,
`
`tebuconazole, cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, metconazole and tebuconazole.
`
`Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating soybean rust
`
`in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the locus of
`
`the infection with mancozeb or combinations thereof with chlorothalonil; and concurrently,
`
`prior or subsequently to mancozeb, with at least one strobilurin fungicide selected from
`
`

`

`WO 2015/079334
`
`PCT /IB2014/064891
`
`13
`
`trifloxystrobin, picoxystrobin, azoxystrobin or pyraclostrobin and at least one conazole
`
`fungicide selected from prothioconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole, epoxiconazole,
`
`metconazole and tebuconazole.
`
`In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is trifloxystrobin and the preferred conazole is
`
`prothioconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for
`
`treating soybean rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the
`
`plant at the locus of the infection with mancozeb; and concurrently, prior or subsequently to
`
`mancozeb, with trifloxystrobin and with prothioconazole.
`
`In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is picoxystrobin and the preferred conazole is
`
`tebuconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating
`
`soybean rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at
`
`the locus of the infection with mancozeb; and concurrently, prior or subsequently to
`
`mancozeb, with picoxystrobin and with tebuconazole.
`
`In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is picoxystrobin and the preferred conazole is
`
`cyproconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for
`
`treating soybean rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the
`
`plant at the locus of the infection with mancozeb; and concurrently, prior or subsequently to
`
`mancozeb, with picoxystrobin and with cyproconazole.
`
`In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is azoxystrobin and the preferred conazole is
`
`cyproconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for
`
`treating soybean rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the
`
`plant at the locus of the infection with mancozeb; and concurrently, prior or subsequently to
`
`mancozeb, with azoxystrobin and with cyproconazole.
`
`In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is pyraclostrobin and the preferred conazole is
`
`epoxiconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for
`
`treating soybean rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the
`
`

`

`WO 2015/079334
`
`PCT /IB2014/064891
`
`14
`
`plant at the locus of the infection with mancozeb; and concurrently, prior or subsequently to
`
`mancozeb, with pyraclostrobin and with epoxiconazole.
`
`In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is pyraclostrobin and the preferred conazole is
`
`tebuconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating
`
`soybean rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at
`
`the locus of the infection with mancozeb; and concurrently, prior or subsequently to
`
`mancozeb, with pyraclostrobin and with tebuconazole.
`
`In one embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is pyraclostrobin and the preferred conazole is
`
`metconazole. Thus, in this embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating
`
`soybean rust in a host leguminous plant, wherein the method comprises treating the plant at
`
`the locus of the infection with mancozeb; and concurrently, prior or subsequently to
`
`mancozeb, with pyraclostrobin and with metconazole.
`
`In another embodiment, the preferred strobilurin is trifloxystrobin and the preferred conazole
`
`is selected from cyproconazole, propiconazole or tebuconazole. Thus, in this embodiment,
`
`the present invention provides a method for treating soybean rust in a host leguminous plant,
`
`wherein the method comprises treating the plant at the locus of the infection with mancozeb;
`
`and