`Maloney et al .
`
`( 10 ) Patent No .: US 10,583,155 B1
`( 45 ) Date of Patent :
`* Mar . 10 , 2020
`
`USO10583155B1
`
`( * ) Notice :
`
`( 54 ) STABLE , HIGHLY PURE L - CYSTEINE
`COMPOSITIONS FOR INJECTION AND
`METHODS OF USE
`( 71 ) Applicant : Exela Pharma Sciences , LLC , Lenoir ,
`NC ( US )
`( 72 ) Inventors : John Maloney , Salisbury , NC ( US ) ;
`Aruna Koganti , Lenoir , NC ( US ) ;
`Phanesh Koneru , Waxhaw , NC ( US )
`( 73 ) Assignee : Exela Pharma Sciences , LLC , Lenoir ,
`NC ( US )
`Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154 ( b ) by 0 days .
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis
`claimer .
`( 21 ) Appl . No .: 16 / 665,702
`( 22 )
`Filed :
`Oct. 28 , 2019
`Related U.S. Application Data
`( 63 ) Continuation of application No. 16 / 248,460 , filed on
`Jan. 15 , 2019 , now Pat . No. 10,478,453 .
`( 51 ) Int . CI .
`A61K 33/06
`A61K 33/241
`
`( 52 ) U.S. CI .
`CPC
`
`( 2006.01 )
`( 2019.01 )
`( Continued )
`A61K 33/06 ( 2013.01 ) ; A23L 33/16
`( 2016.08 ) ; A23L 33/175 ( 2016.08 ) ; A61K
`9/0029 ( 2013.01 ) ; A61K 31/095 ( 2013.01 ) ;
`A61K 31/191 ( 2013.01 ) ; A61K 31/198
`( 2013.01 ) ; A61K 31/401 ( 2013.01 ) ; A61K
`31/405 ( 2013.01 ) ; A61K 31/4172 ( 2013.01 ) ;
`( Continued )
`
`( 58 )
`
`( 56 )
`
`Field of Classification Search
`CPC
`A61K 9/0029 ; A61K 31/095 ; A61K 47/02
`See application file for complete search history .
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`6,992,218 B2
`1/2006 Dietlin et al .
`7,323,206 B1
`1/2008 Driscoll et al .
`( Continued )
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Sigma - Aldrich production information for L - cysteine hydrochloride
`monohydrate ( May 2006 ) . ( Year : 2006 ) . *
`( Continued )
`Primary Examiner — Benjamin J Packard
`( 74 ) Attorney , Agent , or Firm
`Alston & Bird , LLP
`( 57 )
`ABSTRACT
`The subject matter described herein is directed to stable
`L - cysteine compositions for injection , comprising : L - cyste
`ine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and / or
`hydrate thereof in an amount from about 10 mg / mL to about
`100 mg / mL ; Aluminum in an amount from about 1.0 parts
`per billion ( ppb ) to about 250 ppb ; cystine in an amount
`from about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % relative to L - cysteine ;
`pyruvic acid in an amount from about 0.01 wt % to about 2
`wt % relative to L - cysteine ; a pharmaceutically acceptable
`carrier , comprising water ; headspace O , that is less than
`1.0 % ; dissolved oxygen present in the carrier in an amount
`from about 0.01 parts per million ( ppm ) to about 1 ppm ,
`wherein the composition is enclosed in a single - use con
`tainer having a volume of from 10 mL to 100 mL . Also
`described are compositions for a total parenteral nutrition
`regimen and methods for their use .
`30 Claims , 5 Drawing Sheets
`
`14.0
`
`12.0
`
`10.0
`
`DO ( ppm ) 8.0
`
`6.0
`
`4.0
`
`2.0
`
`0.0
`
`Dissolved Oxygen Levels per Tray
`
`Tray 1
`Tray 2
`Tray 3
`My Tray 4
`wwwxTray 17
`Tray 18
`AWARAW Tray 19
`Tray 20
`wwwTray 21
`ya Tray 22
`Tray 23
`ww Tray 24
`shox Tray 37
`Tray 38
`Tray 39
`** Tray 40
`
`Post Filling -Pre HSR
`Final Dissolved
`Oxygen Compounding
`
`Post Filling - During
`Loading of Lyo
`
`Post HSR -Capping -
`Filled Vials
`
`Nexus Ex. 1015
`Page 1 of 42
`
`
`
`US 10,583,155 B1
`Page 2
`
`( 2006.01 )
`( 2016.01 )
`( 2016.01 )
`( 2006.01 )
`( 2006.01 )
`( 2006.01 )
`( 2006.01 )
`( 2006.01 )
`( 2006.01 )
`( 2006.01 )
`( 2006.01 )
`( 2006.01 )
`( 2006.01 )
`( 2006.01 )
`
`( 51 ) Int . Ci .
`A61K 31/401
`A23L 33/16
`A23L 33/175
`A61K 31/405
`A61K 31/095
`A61K 9/00
`A61K 33/00
`A61K 47/02
`A61K 31/191
`A61K 31/198
`A6IK 31/4172
`A61K 33/36
`A61K 33/28
`A61 ) 1/14
`( 52 ) U.S. CI .
`A61K 33/00 ( 2013.01 ) ; A61K 33/241
`???
`( 2019.01 ) ; A61K 33/28 ( 2013.01 ) ; A61K 33/36
`( 2013.01 ) ; A61K 47/02 ( 2013.01 ) ; A23V
`2002/00 ( 2013.01 ) ; A61J 1/1412 ( 2013.01 )
`References Cited
`
`( 56 )
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`9,220,700 B2
`10,493,051 B1
`
`12/2015 Savarese et al .
`12/2019 Sutterer et al .
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Whiting et al ( Journal of Food Protection , vol . 55 , No. 1 , pp . 23-27 ,
`1992 ) . ( Year : 1992 ) . *
`“ Guidelines for the Use of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition in Adult
`and Pediatric Patients , ” ASPEN Board Directors and the Clinical
`Guidelines Task Force , Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition ,
`26 ( 1 Suppl . ) : 1 SA - 138SA , ( 2002 ) .
`“ Acetadote ( acetylcysteine ) injection , for intravenous use : Prescrib
`ing Information ( package insert ] , ” Cumberland Pharaceuticals Inc. ,
`12 pages , ( 2017 )
`“ Aminosyn ( prescribing information and label ] , ” Hospira , Inc. , 19
`pages , ( 2012 ) .
`“ ASHP Guidelines on the Safe Use of Automated Compounding
`Devices for the Preparation of Parenteral Nutrition Admixtures , "
`Automation and Information Technology Guidelines , 63-67 , ( 2000 ) .
`" Chapter 18 : Preparation of Parenteral Nutrition , " Aseptic Process
`ing Manual , NHS Technical Specialist Education and Training
`Group , 24 pages , ( 2018 ) .
`" Cysteine Hydrochloride Injection [ Material Safety Data Sheet ] , "
`Hospira Inc. , 6 pages , ( 2011 ) .
`" Cysteine Hydrochloride Injection ( prescribing information ] , ” Hospira ,
`Inc. , 4 pages , ( 2004 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet Dec. 28 , 2016 :
`< URL : https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/fdaDrugInfo .
`com ? archiveid = 113819 > ] .
`“ Cysteine , ” TOXNET : Toxicology Data Network , National Library
`of Medicine HSDB Database , 20 pages , ( 2016 ) . [ Retrieved from the
`Internet Jun . 27 , 2017 : < URL : https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/
`sis / search / a ? dbs + hsdb : @ term + @ DOCNO + 2109 > ] .
`“ Cysteine : Pediatric drug information , ” Lexicomp , Inc. , 4 pages ,
`( 1978 ) .
`" Determination That Cysteine Heydrochloride Injection , USP , 7.25 % ,
`Was Not Withdrawn From Sale for Reasons of Safety or Effective
`ness , " Federal Register , 75 ( 107 ) : 31790-31791 , ( 2010 ) .
`“ Effect of L - Cysteine ( Acetium® Capsules ) in Restoration of the
`Structure and Function of Gastric Mucosa After H. pylori Eradica
`tion in Patients with Atrophic Gastritis . A randomized , controlled
`trial . , ” Study Protocol , BIOHIT Health Care , 45 pages , ( 2016 ) .
`“ Guideline on the Use of Parenteral Nutrition in Neonatal and
`Paediatric Units , ” Clinical Practice Guideline , Royal College of
`Physicians in Ireland , 46 pages , ( 2016 ) .
`
`“ L - Cysteine ( product information ] , ” Sigma - Aldrich , Inc. , 2 pages ,
`( 2003 ) .
`“ L - Cysteine Hydrochloride ( prescribing information and label ] ” ,
`Sandoz Inc. , 6 pages , ( 2010 ) .
`“ L - Cysteine Hydrochloride Injection , USP [ prescribing informa
`tion ] , ” American Regent , Inc. , 2 pages , ( 2009 ) .
`“ Prosol ( prescribing information and label ] , ” Baxter Healthcare
`Corporation , 14 pages , ( 2014 ) .
`" Safe Practices for Parenteral Nurtrition Formulations , ” National
`Advisory Group on Standards and Practice Guidelines for Parenteral
`Nutrition , Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition , 22 ( 2 ) : 49-66 ,
`( 1998 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet Mar. 12 , 2015 : < URL : https : //
`onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1177/014860719802200249 > ] .
`“ Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of L - cysteine hydro
`chloride monohydrate as a flavouring additive for pets , ” European
`Food Safety Authority Journal , 11 ( 10 ) : 3437 , 13 pages , ( 2013 ) .
`“ The Provision of Parenteral Nutrition within Neonatal Ser
`vices —
`A Framework for Practice , ” British Association of Perinatal
`Medicine , 27 pages , ( 2016 ) .
`“ Travasol ( prescribing information and label ] , ” Baxter Healthcare
`Corporation , 19 pages , ( 2017 ) .
`“ Trophamine ( prescribing information and label ] , ” B. Braun Medi
`cal Inc. , 21 pages , ( 2014 ) .
`“ Trophamine® ( Amino Acid Injections ) [ package insert ] , ” B. Braun
`Medical Inc. , pp . 5-16 , ( 2003 ) .
`Abdulrazik et al . , “ Formulation for Slow Release if Oral Radiation
`Protection Drugs , ” Int . J. Nucl . Med . Biol . , 11 ( 1 ) : 53-54 , ( 1984 ) .
`Advenier et al . , “ Aluminum Contmination of Parenteral Nutrition
`and Aluminum Loading in Children on Long - Term Parenteral
`Nutrition , ” Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition ,
`36 ( 4 ) : 448-453 , ( 2003 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet Jun . 6 , 2018 :
`< URL : https://journals.lww.com/jpgn/Fulltext/2003/04000/Aluminum
`Contamination_of_Parenteral_Nutrition_and.5.aspx # pdf - link > ] .
`Allen , Jr. , Loyd V. , “ L - Cysteine Hydrochloride 50 mg / mL Injec
`tion , ” U.S. Pharmacist , 36 ( 9 ) : 41-45 , ( 2011 ) . [ Retrieved from the
`Internet May 26 , 2016 : < URL : https : //www.uspharmacist.com/article/
`lcysteinehydrochloride50mgmlinjection > ] .
`Allen , Loyd V. , “ Chapter 1 : Guidelines for Compounding Prac
`tices , ” The Art , Science , and Technology of Pharmaceutical Com
`pounding , 4th Ed.:1-18 , ( 2012 ) .
`Allwood et al . , “ Compatibility and Stability of Additives in Parenteral
`Nutrition Admixtures , ” Nutrition , 14 ( 9 ) : 697-706 , ( 1998 ) .
`Anderson et al . , “ Physical Compatibility of Calcium Chloride and
`Sodium Glycerophosphate in Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition Solu
`tions , ” Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition , 40 ( 8 ) : 1166
`1169 , ( 2016 , Epub . 2015 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet Oct. 24 ,
`2015 : < URL : https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1177/
`0148607115592673 > ] .
`Ayers et al . , “ A.S.P.E.N. Parenteral Nutrition Safety Concensus
`Recommendations , " Scholarship and Professional Work — COPHS ,
`Butler University , 66 pages , ( 2014 ) .
`Baines et al . , “ The Association Between Cysteine , Bone Turnover ,
`and Low Bones Mass , ” Calcif Tissue Int . , 81 ( 6 ) : 450-454 , ( 2007 ) .
`Balogh , Judit Kovácsné , “ Preparation and examination of TPN
`systems for the individual clinical therapy , ” ( Ph.D. Thesis ) , Sem
`melweis University , Hungary , 116 pages , ( 2007 ) .
`Bengoa et al . , “ Amino acid - induced hypercalciuria in patients on
`total parenteral nutrition , ” The American Journal of Clinical Nutri
`tion , 38 ( 2 ) : 264-269 , ( 1983 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet Dec. 14 ,
`2017 : < URL : https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/38/2/
`264/4690894 > ] .
`Bettner et al . , “ Effects of pH , Temperature , Concentration , and Time
`on Particle Counts in Lipid - Containing Total Parenteral Nutrition
`Admixtures , ” Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition , 10 ( 4 ) : 375
`380 , ( 1986 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet Mar. 10 , 2015 : < URL :
`https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1177/
`0148607186010004375 > ] .
`Bishop et al . , “ Aluminum Neurotoxicity in Preterm Infants Receiv
`ing Intravenous - Feeding Solutions , ” The New England Journal of
`Medicine , 336 ( 22 ) : 1557-1561 , ( 1997 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet
`Jun . 5 , 2018 : < URL : https : //www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/
`NEJM199705293362203 > ] .
`
`Nexus Ex. 1015
`Page 2 of 42
`
`
`
`US 10,583,155 B1
`Page 3
`
`( 56 )
`
`References Cited
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Bistrian , Bruce R. , “ Brief History of Parenteral and Enteral Nutri
`tion in the Hospital in the USA , " Nestlé Nutr Inst Workshop Ser
`Clin Perform Program , 12 : 127-136 , ( 2009 ) .
`Bjelton et al . , “ Availability of Cysteine and of L - 2 - Oxo - Thiazolidine
`4 - Carboxylic Acid as a Source of Cysteine in Intravenous Nutri
`tion , ” Journal of Parenteral and Enternal Nutrition , 14 ( 2 ) : 177-182 ,
`( 1990 ) .
`Bohrer et al . , Aluminum Loading in Preterm Neonates Revisited ,
`JPGN , 51 ( 2 ) : 237-241 , ( 2010 ) .
`Borges - Santos et al . , “ Plasma glutathione of HIV + patients responded
`positively and differently to dietary supplementation with cysteine
`or glutamine , ” Nutrition , 28 ( 7-8 ) : 753-756 , ( 2012 ) .
`Boullata et al . , “ A.S.P.E.N. Clinical Guidelines : Parenteral Nutrition
`Ordering , Order Review , Compounding , Labeling , and Dispens
`ing , ” Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition , 38 ( 3 ) : 334-377 ,
`( 2014 ) .
`Brigham et al . , “ The Concentrations of Cysteine and Cystine in
`Human Blood Plasma , " J Clin Invest . , 39 ( 11 ) : 1633-1638 , ( 1960 ) .
`Brown et al . , “ Potential Aluminum Exposure from Parenteral Nutri
`tion in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury , ” The Annals of
`Pharmacotherapy , 42 ( 10 ) : 1410-1415 , ( 2008 ) .
`Bulbul et al . , “ Letter to the Editor : Nutritional support in preterm
`infants , ” Pediatrics and Neonatology , 58 ( 6 ) : 562 , ( 2017 ) .
`Bullock et al . , “ Emulsion Stability in Total Nutrient Admixtures
`Containing a Pediatric Amino Acid Formulation , ” Journal of Parenteral
`and Enteral Nutrition , 16 ( 1 ) : 64-68 , ( 1992 ) . [ Retrieved from the
`Internet Feb. 10 , 2015 : < URL : https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/
`pdf / 10.1177 / 014860719201600164 > ] .
`Calkins et al . , “ Effect of High - Dose Cysteine Supplementation on
`Erythrocyte Glutathione : a Double - Blinded , Randomized Placebo
`Controlled Pilot Study in Critically Ill Neonates , ” JPEN J Parenter
`Enteral Nutr . , 40 ( 2 ) : 226-234 , ( 2016 ) .
`Carlson et al . , " Neonatal Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition : A Resource
`Guide for the Student and Novice Neonatal Nurse Practitioner , "
`National Association of Neonatal Nurse Practitioners , 23 pages ,
`( 2010 ) .
`Connelly et al . , “ Congenital Hypothyroidism Caused by Excess
`Prenatal Maternal Iodine Ingestion , ” The Journal of Pediatrics ,
`161 ( 4 ) : 760-762 , ( 2012 ) .
`Courtney - Martin et al . , “ Plasma Aluminum Concentrations in Pedi
`atric Patients Receiving Long - Term Parenteral Nutrition , ” Journal
`of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition , 39 ( 5 ) : 578-585 , ( 2014 ) .
`Courtney - Martin et al . , “ The Addition of Cysteine to the Total
`Sulphur Amino Acid Reqirement as Methionine Does Not Increase
`Erythrocytes Glutathione Synthesis in the Parenterally Fed Human
`Neonate , ” Pediatric Research , 67 ( 3 ) : 320-324 , ( 2010 ) .
`Darkwa et al . , “ Antioxidant Chemistry : Oxidation of L - Cysteine
`and Its Metabolites by Chlorite and Chlorine Dioxide , ” J. Phys .
`Chem . A. , 108 ( 26 ) : 5576-5587 , ( 2004 ) .
`De Cloet et al . , “ Physicochemical stable standard all - in - one parenteral
`nutrition admixtures for infants and children in accordance with
`ESPGHAN / ESPEN guidelines , ” Nutrition , 49 : 41-47 , ( 2018 ) .
`Delange , F. , “ Optimal Iodine Nutrution during Pregnancy , Lactation
`and the Neonatal Period , ” Int J Endocrinol Metab , 2 ( 1 ) : 1-12 ,
`( 2004 ) .
`Delange , Francois , “ Iodine deficiency in Europe and its conse
`quences : an update , ” Eur J Nucl Med , 29 ( Suppl . 2 ) : S404 - S416 ,
`( 2002 ) .
`Delange , Francois , " Iodine requirements during pregnancy , lacta
`tion and the neonatal period and indicators of optimal iodine
`nutrition , ” Public Health Nutrition : 10 ( 12A ) : 1571-1580 , ( 2007 ) .
`Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy , Carbohydrate , Fiber , Fat ,
`Fatty Acids , Cholesterol , Protein , and Amino Acids , The National
`Academies Press , 1358 pages , ( 2002 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet
`Dec. 12 , 2017 : < URL : http://www.nap.edu/10490 > ] .
`Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A , Vitamin K , Arsenic ,
`Boron , Chromium , Copper , Iodine , Iron , Manganese , Molybdenum ,
`Nickel , Silicon , Vanadium , and Zinc , National Academy Press , 800
`
`pages , ( 2000 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet Dec. 16 , 2018 : < URL :
`http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10026.html > ] .
`Dilger et al . , “ Excess Dietary L - Cysteine , but Not L - Cystine , Is
`Lethal for Chicks but Not for Rats or Pigs , ” The Journal of
`Nutrition , 137 ( 2 ) : 331-338 , ( 2007 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet Jun .
`28 , 2017 : < URL : https : //academic.oup.com/jn/article/137/2/331/
`4664534 > ] .
`Domingo et al . , “ Risks of aluminum exposure during pregnancy , ”
`Contributions to Science , 1 ( 4 ) : 479-487 , ( 2000 ) .
`Dumortier et al . , “ Development of a Thermogelling Ophthalmic
`Formulation of Cysteine , " Drug Development and Industrial Phar
`macy , 32 ( 1 ) : 63-72 , ( 2006 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet May 12 ,
`2015 : < URL : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/
`03639040500390934 > ] .
`El - Shenawy et al . , “ Nephrotoxicity of sodium valproate and pro
`tective role of L - cysteine in rats at biochemical and histological
`levels , ” J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol , 27 ( 5 ) : 497-504 , ( 2016 ) .
`[ Retrieved from the Internet May 4 , 2016 : < URL : https : // www .
`degruyter.com/view/j/jbcpp.2016.27.issue-5/jbcpp-2015-0106/jbcpp
`2015-0106.xml . > ] .
`Fewtrell et al . , “ Aluminium exposure from parenteral nutrition in
`preterm infants and later health outcomes during childhood and
`adolescence , ” Symposium 2 : Micronutirents under the Microscope ,
`Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , 70 ( 3 ) : 299-304 , ( 2011 ) . [ Retrieved
`from the Internet Jun . 4 , 2018 : < URL : https://www.cambridge.org/
`core.journals / proceedings - of - the - nutrition - society / article / aluminium
`exposure - from - parenteral - nutrition - in - preterm - infants - and - later
`health - outcomes - during - childhood - and - adolescence /
`F5D0A6109616E8C9D7F8C2C70721860 / core - reader > ] .
`Flora et al . , “ Chelation in Metal Intoxication , ” Int . J. Environ . Res .
`Public Health , 7 ( 7 ) : 2745-2788 , ( 2010 ) .
`Fortenberry et al . , “ Evaluating Differences in Aluminum Exposure
`through Parenteral Nutrition in Neonatal Morbidities , ” Nutrients ,
`9 ( 11 ) : E1249 , 6 pages , ( 2017 ) .
`Frey et al . , “ Confirming the Causative Role of Acetaminophen in
`Indeterminate Acute Liver Failure Using Acetaminophen - Cysteine
`Adducts , ” J. Med . Toxicol . , 11 ( 2 ) : 218-222 , ( 2015 ) .
`Fürst et al . , “ Parenteral nutrition by a solution of crystalline amino
`acids , ” Acta Med Scand Suppl . , 472 : 283-293 , ( 1967 ) .
`Fusch et al . , “ Neonatology / Paediatrics Guidelines on Parenteral
`Nutrition , Chapter 13 , ” GMS German Medical Science , 7 ( Doc15 ) : 23
`pages , ( 2009 ) .
`Ghirri et al . , “ Iodine Supplementation in the Newborn , ” Nutrients ,
`6 ( 1 ) : 382-390 , ( 2014 ) .
`Gura et al . , “ Aluminum contamination in products used in parenteral
`nutrition : Has anything changed ?, ” Nutrition , 26 ( 6 ) : 585-594 , ( 2010 ) .
`Gura et al . , “ Recent developments in aluminium contamination of
`products used in parenteral nutrition , ” Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab
`Care , 9 ( 3 ) : 239-246 , ( 2006 ) .
`Hardy et al . , “ Formulation , Stability , and Administration of Parenteral
`Nutrition With New Lipid Emulsions , ” Nutrition in Clinical Prac
`tice , 24 ( 5 ) : 616-625 , ( 2009 ) .
`Hardy et al . , “ P.83 : Stability of aqueous cysteine solutions for TPN
`[ Abstract ] , " Clinical Nutrition , 12 ( Suppl 2 ) : 61 , ( 1993 ) .
`Harman et al . , “ Free Radical Metabolites of L - Cysteine Oxidation , ”
`The Journal of Biological Chemistry , 259 ( 9 ) : 5606-5611 , ( 1984 ) .
`[ Retrieved from the Internet Feb. 6 , 2017 : < URL : http : //www.jbc .
`org / content / 259 / 9 / 5606.full.pdf > ] .
`Heird et al . , “ Pediatric Parenteral Amino Acid Mixture in Low Birth
`Weight Infants , ” Pediatrics , 81 ( 1 ) : 41-50 , ( 1988 ) . [ Retrieved from
`the Internet Dec. 8 , 2017 : < URL : http : //pediatrics.aappublications .
`org / content / 81 / 1 / 41 > ] .
`Hellström et al . , " Sa1863 . L - Cysteine Slow - Release Capsule For
`mulation in Prevention of Gastric Carcinogenesis Associated with
`Atrophic Gastritis , ” AGA Abstracts , 146 ( 5 , Suppl 1 ) : S - 315 , ( 2014 ) .
`Helms et al . , “ Cysteine supplementation results in normalization of
`plasma taurine concentrations in children receiving home parenteral
`nutrition , " J Pediatr , 134 ( 3 ) : 358-361 , ( 1999 ) .
`Hernández - Sánchez et al . , “ Aluminum in parenteral nutrition : a
`systematic review , ” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 63 ( 3 ) : 230
`238 , ( 2013 ) .
`
`Nexus Ex. 1015
`Page 3 of 42
`
`
`
`US 10,583,155 B1
`Page 4
`
`( 56 )
`
`References Cited
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Heyman et al . , “ Aluminum Does Not Accumulate in Teenagers and
`Adults on Prolonged Parenteral Nutrition Containing Free Amino
`Acids , ” Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition , 10 ( 1 ) : 86-87 ,
`( 1986 ) .
`Hintz et al . , “ Aluminum Exposure From Pediatric Parenteral Nutri
`tion : Meeting the New FDA Regulation , ” JPEN J Parenter Enteral
`Nutr , 32 : 242-246 , ( 2008 ) .
`Ho et al . , “ Trend of Nutritional Support in Preterm Infants , "
`Pediatrics and Neonatology , 57 ( 5 ) : 365-370 , ( 2016 ) .
`Hu et al . , “ Efficacy and safety of acetylcysteine in “ non
`acetaminophen ” acute liver failure : A meta - analysis of prospective
`clinical trials , ” Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol , 39 ( 5 ) : 594-599 ,
`( 2015 ) .
`Hulst , Jessie , “ Principles of feeding the preterm infant , ” ESPEN
`Congress , Geneva , 44 pages , ( 2014 ) .
`Huston et al . , “ Calcium Chloride in Neonatal Parenteral Nutrition
`Solutions with and without Added Cysteine : Compatibility Studies
`Using Laser and Micro - Flow Imaging Methodology ” PLoS ONE ,
`10 ( 8 ) : e0136894 , ( 2015 ) .
`Huston et al . , “ Calcium chloride in neonatal parenteral nutrition : A
`15 year experience . " Journal of Neonatal - Perinatal Medicine , 10 ( 1 ) : 33
`38 , ( 2017 ) .
`Huston et al . , " Calcium Chloride in Neonatal Parenteral Nutrition :
`Compatibility Studies Using Laser Methodology , ” PLOS ONE ,
`9 ( 9 ) : e106825 , ( 2014 ) .
`Ishii et al . , “ A case of drug - induced ductopenia resulting in fatal
`billiarv cirrhosis , " Liver , 13 ( 4 ) : 227-231 , ( 1993 ) .
`Ishii et al . , “ Cystathionine y - Lyase - deficient Mice Require Dietary
`Cysteine to Protect against Acute Lethal Myopathy and Oxidative
`Injury , ” The Journal of Biological Chemistry , 285 ( 34 ) : 26358
`26368 , ( 2010 ) .
`Jadhav et al . , “ Parenteral Amino Acid and Metabolic Acidosis in
`Premature Infants , " JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr . , 31 ( 4 ) : 278-283 ,
`( 2007 ) .
`Jalilehvand et al . , “ Lead ( II ) Complex Formulation with L - Cysteine
`in Aqueous Solution , ” Inorganic Chemistry , 54 : 2160-2170 , ( 2015 ) .
`Janáky et al . , “ Mechanisms of L - Cysteine Neurotoxicity , ” Neurochemi
`cal Research , 25 ( 9/10 ) : 1397-1405 ( 2000 ) .
`Ji et al . , “ Excessive L - cysteine induces vacuole - like cell death by
`activating endoplasmic reticulum stress mitogen - activated protein
`kinase signaling in intestinal porcine epithelial cells , ” Amino Acids ,
`48 ( 1 ) : 149-156 , ( 2015 ) .
`John et al . , “ Total parenteral nutrition usage trends in the United
`States , " Journal of Critical Care , 40 : 312-313 , ( 2017 ) .
`Kartal et al . , “ Compatibility of chewing gum excipients with the
`amino acid L - cysteine and stability of the active substance in
`directly compressed chewing gum formulation , ” Journal of Phar
`macy and Pharmacology , 60 ( 9 ) : 1131-1138 , ( 2008 ) .
`Kartal et al . , “ Formulation and in - vivo evaluation L - cysteine chew
`ing gums for binding carcinogenic acetaldehyde in the saliva during
`smoking , ” Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , 59 ( 10 ) : 1353
`1358 , ( 2007 ) .
`Kartal - Hodzic , Alma , “ Formulation studies for eliminating saliva
`carcinogenic acetaldehyde with L - cysteine containing chewing gum , ”
`( Academic Dissertation ) , Division of Biopharmaceutics and
`Pharmacokinetics , University of Helsinki , Finland , 60 pages , ( 2012 ) .
`Klein et al . , “ Hypocalcemia Complicating Deferoxamine Therapy
`in an Infant with Parenteral Nutrition - Associated Aluminum Over
`load : Evidence for a Role of Aluminum in the Bone Disease of
`Infants , ” Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition , 9 ( 3 ) : 400
`403 , ( 1989 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet Jun . 5 , 2018 : < URL :
`https://journals.lww.com/jpgn/Abstract/1989/10000/Hypocalcemia_
`Complicating_Deferoxamine_Therapy_in.24.aspx > ] .
`Klein , Catherine J. , “ Nutrient Requirements for Preterm Infant
`Formulas , ” The Journal of Nutrition , 132 ( 6 Suppl 1 ) : 1395S - 1577S ,
`( 2002 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet Dec. 6 , 2017 : < URL : http : //
`jn.nutrition.org > ] .
`
`Kolaric et al . , “ Solutions Preparing for Total Parenteral Nutrition for
`Children , ” Proceedings of the 7th WSEAS International Conference
`on Mathematics & Computers in Biology & Chemistry , Cavtat ,
`Croatia , 6 pages , ( 2006 ) .
`Koletzko et al . , “ Guidelines on Paediatric Parenteral Nutrition : 3 .
`Amino Acids , " J. Pediatr . Gastroenterol . Nutr . , 41 ( Suppl . 2 ) : S12
`S18 , ( 2005 ) .
`Komura et al . , “ Increased Incidence of Cholestasis during Total
`Parenteral Nutrition in Children , ” The Kurame Medical Journal ,
`40 ( 1 ) : 7-11 , ( 1993 ) .
`Koo et al . , “ Response to aluminum in parenteral nutrition during
`infancy , ” The Journal of Pediatrics , 109 ( 5 ) : 877-883 , ( 1986 ) .
`Laine et al . , " Cysteine usage increases the need for acetate in
`neonates who receive total parenteral nutrition , ” The American
`Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 54 ( 3 ) : 565-567 , ( 1991 ) . [ Retrieved
`from the Internet Apr. 14 , 2015 : < URL : https://academic.oup.com/
`ajcn / article - abstract / 54 / 3 / 565 / 4694399 > ] .
`Lapillonne et al . , “ Quality of newborn care : adherence to guidelines
`parenteral nutrition in preterm infants in four European countries , ”
`BMJ Open , 3 ( 9 ) : E003478 , 8 pages , ( 2013 ) . [ Retrieved from the
`Internet Jun . 6 , 2018 : < URL : https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/
`9 / e003478 > ] .
`Larchet et al . , “ Aluminium Loading in Children Receiving Long
`term Parenteral Nutrition , ” Clinical Nutrition , 9 ( 2 ) : 79-83 , ( 1990 ) .
`Lee et al . , “ AASLD Position Paper : The Management of Acute
`Liver Failure : Update 2011 , ” Hepatology , 1-22 and Corrections ,
`( 2011 ) .
`Lee et al . , " Introduction to the Revised American Association for the
`Study of Liver Diseases Position Paper on Acute Live Failure
`2011 , " Hepatology , 55 ( 3 ) : 965-967 , ( 2012 ) .
`Leung et al . , “ Consequences of excess iodine , " Nat Rev Endocrinol . ,
`10 ( 3 ) : 136-142 , ( 2014 ) .
`Leyden et al . , “ Stabilization of Solutions of Cysteine and its
`Derivatives , ” Can . J. Biochem . , 45 ( 4 ) : 611-614 , ( 1967 ) . [ Retrieved
`from the Internet Nov. 12 , 2014 : < URL : https : //www.nrcresearchpress .
`com / doi / pdf / 10.1139 / 067-071 > ] .
`Li et al . , “ Acute and sub - chronic toxicity of glucose - cysteine
`Maillard reaction products in Sprague - Dawley rats , " Food and
`Chemical Toxicology , 80 : 271-276 , ( 2015 ) .
`Lima - Rogel et al . , “ Aluminum Contamination in Parenteral Nutri
`tion Admixtures for Low - Birth - Weight Preterm Infants in Mexico ,
`Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition , 40 ( 7 ) : 1014-1020 , ( 2016 ) .
`Look et al . , “ Is the Increase in Serum Cystathionine Levels in
`Patients with Liver Cirrhosis a Consequence of Impaired Homocysteine
`Transsulfuration at the Level of y - Cystathionase ?, ” Scand J
`Gastroenterol , 35 ( 8 ) : 866-872 , ( 2000 ) , [ Retrieved from the Internet
`Oct. 25 , 2014 : < URL : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/
`003655200750023255 > ] .
`Mackay et al . , “ Physical Compatibility of Sodium Glycerophosphate
`and Calcium Gluconate in Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition Solutions , ”
`JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , 39 ( 6 ) : 725-728 , ( 2015 , Epub . 2014 ) .
`[ Retrieved from the Internet Apr. 6 , 2014 : < URL : http : //pen.sagepub .
`com / content / early / 2014 / 03 / 31 / 0148607114528982 > ] .
`Mackay et al . , “ The Solubility of Calcium and Phosphate in Two
`Specialty Amino Acid Solutions , ” Journal of Parenteral and Enteral
`Nutrition , 20 ( 1 ) : 63-66 , ( 1996 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet Apr. 17 ,
`2015 : < URL : https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1177/
`014860719602000163 > ] .
`Malloy et al . , “ Cyst ( e ) ine measurements during total parenteral
`nutrition , ” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 37 ( 2 ) : 188
`191 , ( 1983 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet Apr. 14 , 2015 : < URL :
`https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/37/2/188/
`4690722 > ] .
`Malloy et al . , " Cysteine Supplementation During Total Parenteral
`Nutrition ( TPN ) [ Abstract ] , ” Clinical Nutrition , 1 ( Suppl . ) : 49 , ( 1982 ) .
`Malloy et al . , “ Cysteine Supplementation of Total Parenteral Nutri
`tion : the Effect in Beagle Pups , ” Pediatric Research , 18 ( 8 ) : 747-751
`( 1984 ) .
`Malloy et al . , “ Total Parenteral Nutrition in Sick Preterm Infants :
`Effects of Cysteine Supplementation with Nitrogen Intakes of 240
`and 400 mg / kg / day , ” Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and
`Nutrition , 3 ( 2 ) : 239-244 , ( 1984 ) .
`
`Nexus Ex. 1015
`Page 4 of 42
`
`
`
`US 10,583,155 B1
`Page 5
`
`( 56 )
`
`References Cited
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Manz , Friedrich , “ L - Cysteine in metaboloic acidosis of low - birth
`weight infants , ” Am J Clin Nutr , 57 ( 3 ) : 455-456 , ( 1993 ) . [ Retrieved
`from the Internet Apr. 16 , 2015 : < URL : https://academic.oup.com/
`ajen / article - abstract / 57 / 3 / 455 / 4715721 > ] .
`Mattox et al . , " Chapter 142 : Parenteral Nutrition , ” Pharmacotherapy :
`A Pathopysiologic Approach , 10e McGraw Hill , Ed . Joseph T.
`DiPiro et al . , 38 pages , ( 2016 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet Dec. 5 ,
`2017 : < URL : https://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx ?
`bookid = 1861 & sectionid = 146076679 > ] .
`McCarthy et al . , “ Standardised versus Individualized Parenteral
`Nutrition , ” Irish Medical Journal , 109 ( 4 ) : 10 pages , ( 2016 ) . [ Retrieved
`from the Internet Jun . 6 , 2018 : < URL : http://imj.ie/stardardised
`versus - individualised - parenteral - nutrition - futher - food - for - tho
`ught / > ] .
`McClave et al . , “ Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of
`Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient : Society
`of Critical Care Medicine ( SCCM ) and American Society for
`Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition ( A.S.P.E.N. ) , ” Journal of Parenteral
`and Enteral Nutrition , 40 ( 2 ) : 159-211 , ( 2016 ) .
`Metabolic Processes in the Foetus and Newborn Infant , Nutricia
`Syposium , Ed . J. H. P. Jonxis et al . , H. E. Stenfert Kroese N.V. , 317
`pages , ( 1971 ) .
`Miller et al . , “ Decreased Cysteine and Proline Synthesis in Parenter
`ally Fed , Premature Infants , ” Journal of Pediatric Surgery , 30 ( 7 ) : 953
`958 , ( 1995 ) .
`Miller , Sarah J. , “ Parenteral Nutrition , ” U.S. Pharmacist , 7 ( HS10
`HS20 ) : 31 pages , ( 2006 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet Sep. 26 , 2018 :
`< URL : https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/parenteral
`nutrition > ]
`Mirtallo et al . , " Safe Practices for Parenteral Nutrition , ” Journal of
`Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition , 28 ( 6 ) : S39 - S70 , ( 2004 ) . [ Retrieved
`from the Internet Jan. 23 , 2014 : < URL : https : //journals.sagepub .
`com / doi / abs / 10.1177 / 0148607104028006s39 > ] .
`Moreno et al . , “ Aluminium in the neonate related to parenteral
`nutrition , " Acta Paediatr , 83 ( 1 ) : 25-29 , ( 1994 ) .
`Moreno Villares et al . , “ Current use of parenteral nutrition in a
`pediatric hospital . Comparison to the practise 8 years ago , " Nutr .
`Hosp . , 20 ( 1 ) : 46-51 , ( 2005 ) .
`Mühlebach , Stefan , “ Parenteral Nutrition : The Role of the Pharma
`cist in the Era of 3 - chamber Bags , ” 27th ESPEN Congress , Brus
`sels , 49 pages , ( 2005 ) .
`Mundi et al . , “ Prevalence of Home Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
`in the United States [ Abstract ] , ” Nutr Clin Pract . , 32 ( 6 ) : 799-805 ,
`( 2017 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet Jun . 6 , 2018 : < URL : http : //
`journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0884533617718472 > ] .
`Murphy et al . , “ Annual Summary of Vital Statistics : 2013-2014 , ”
`Pediatrics , 139 ( 6 ) : e20163239 , ( 2017 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet
`Jun . 6 , 2018 : < URL : http://pediatrics.aapublications.org/content/
`139 / 6 / e20163239 > ] .
`Nguyen et al . , “ Effect of Increasing Glutathione With Cysteine and
`Glycine Supplementation on Mitochondrial Fuel Oxidation , Insulin
`Sensitivity , and Body Composition in Older HIV - Infected Patients , "
`J Clin Endocrinol Metab ,, 99 ( 1 ) : 169-177 , ( 2014 ) . [ Retrieved from
`the Internet Dec. 12 , 2017 : < URL : https://academic.oup.com/jcem
`article - abstract / 99 / 1 / 169 / 2836223 > ] .
`Niermeyer et al . , “ Optimized calcium phosphorus solubility in a
`parenteral nutrition solution containing dicarboxylic amino acids
`and cysteine , ” Journal of the American College of Nutrition , 5 ( 5 ) : 459
`466 , ( 1986 ) . [ Retrieved from the Internet Apr. 21 , 2015 : < URL :
`https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07315724.1986 .
`10720149 > ] .
`Nishiyama et al . , “ Transient Hypothyroidism or Persistent
`Hyperthyrotropinemia in Neonates Born to Mothers w