US005506367A
`5,506,367
`[1] Patent Number:
`United States Patent 5
`Keaschall
`[45] Date of Patent:
`Apr. 9, 1996
`
`
`NOI 0 URAAY
`
`[54]
`[75]
`
`INBRED CORN LINE PHP38
`Inventor:
`Joseph W. Keaschall, Sharpsville, Ind.
`,
`.
`.
`.
`[73] Assignee: PioneerHi-Bred International, Inc.,
`Des Moines, Iowa
`[21] Appl. No.: 996,378
`.
`[22] Filed:
`Dec. 23, 1992
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`PUBLICATIONS
`(1988) Cell/Tissue Culture and In Vitro
`Phillips et al.
`Manipulation: In com & com Improvement. Ed. Spragur et
`al. pp. 345-387.
`Primary Examiner—Gary Benzion
`Attommey, Agent, or Firm—Michael J. Roth; Nina L. Pcarl-
`mutter
`
`ABSTRACT
`[57]
`Related U.S. Application Data
`According to the invention, there is provided an inbred corn
`oo,
`line, designated PHP38. This invention thus relates to the
`[63] Seeaion-n-part of Ser. No. 542,364, Jun. 20, 1990,
`plants and seeds of inbred corn line PHP38 and to methods
`.
`for producing a corn plant produced by crossing the inbred
`[SL] Unt. C19 weceeeeeecseeeccee AOIH 5/00; A01H 11/00;
`C12H 5/04~—sline PHP38 with itself or with another corn plant. This
`[52] U.S. Che wees 800/200; 800/250; 800/DIG. 56;
`invention further relates to hybrid corn seeds and plants
`435/240.4; 435/240.45; 435/240.49
`produced by crossing the inbred line PHP38 with another
`[58] Field of Search o......cccccsssssssessseeeee 800/200, 250,
`corn line orplantand to crosses with related species.
`800/DIG. 56; 47/58.03, 58.05; 435/172.2,
`240.4, 240.85, 240.49
`
`6 Claims, No Drawings
`
`Inari Exhibit 1045
`Inari Exhibit 1045
`Inari v. Pioneer
`Inari v. Pioneer
`
`

`

`5,506,367
`
`1
`INBRED CORN LINE PHP38
`
`This is a continuation-in-part.of application Ser. No.
`07/542,364 filed on Jun. 20, 1990 now abandoned.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention is in the field of corn breeding, specifically
`relating to an inbred corn line designated PHP38.
`
`10
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`The goal of plant breeding is to combine in a single
`variety/hybrid various desirabletraits. For field crops, these
`traits may include resistance to diseases and insects, toler-
`ance to heat and drought, reducing the time to crop maturity,
`greateryield, and better agronomic quality. With mechanical
`harvesting of many crops, uniformity of plant characteristics
`such as germination and stand establishment, growth rate,
`maturity, and fruit size, is important.
`Field crops are bred through techniques that take advan-
`tage of the plant’s method of pollination. A plant is self-
`pollinated if pollen from one flower is transferred to the
`same or another flower of the same plant. A plant
`is
`cross-pollinated if the pollen comes from a flower on a
`different plant.
`Plants that have been self-pollinated and selected for type
`for many generations become homozygous at almost all
`gene loci and produce a uniform population of true breeding
`progeny. A cross between two homozygouslines produce a
`uniform population of hybrid plants that may be heterozy-
`gous for many gene loci. A cross of two plants each
`heterozygous at a number of gene loci will produce a
`population of hybrid plants that differ genetically and will
`not be uniform.
`
`Com plants (Zea mays L.) can be bred by both self-
`pollination and cross-pollination techniques. Com has sepa-
`rate male and female flowers on the same plant, located on
`the tassel and the ear, respectively. Natural pollination
`occurs in corn when wind blows pollen from the tassels to
`the silks that protrude from the tops of the incipient ears.
`The development of corn hybrids requires the develop-
`ment of homozygous inbred lines, the crossing of these
`lines, and the evaluation of the crosses. Pedigree breeding
`and recurrent selection breeding methods are used to
`develop inbred lines from breeding populations. Breeding
`programs combine the genetic backgrounds from two or
`more inbred lines or various other broad-based sources into
`breeding pools from which new inbred lines are developed
`by selfing and selection of desired phenotypes. The new
`inbreds are crossed with other inbred lines and the hybrids
`from these crosses are evaluated to determine which of those
`have commercial potential.
`Pedigree breeding starts with the crossing of two geno-
`types, each of which may have one or more desirable
`characteristics that is lacking in the other or which comple-
`mentthe other. If the two original parents do not provideall
`ofthe desired characteristics, other sources can be included
`in the breeding population. In the pedigree method, superior
`plants are selfed and selected in successive generations. In
`the succeeding generations the heterozygous condition gives
`way to homogeneouslinesasa result of self-pollination and
`selection. Typically in the pedigree method of breedingfive
`or more generations of selfing and selection is practiced:
`F,|F,; F,F,; F3F4; FyOFs,etc.
`
`{5
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`45
`
`50
`
`355
`
`60
`
`65
`
`2
`Backcrossing can be used to improve an inbred line.
`Backcrossing transfers a specific desirable trait from one
`inbred or source to an inbredthat lacks that trait. This can be
`accomplished for example byfirst crossing a superior inbred
`(A) (recurrent parent) to a donor inbred (non-recurrent
`parent), which carries the appropriate gene(s) for the trait in
`question. The progenyof this cross is then mated backto the
`superior recurrent parent (A) followed by selection in the
`resultant progeny for the desired trait to be transferred from
`the non-recurrent parent. After five or more backcross gen-
`erations with selection for the desired trait, the progeny will
`be heterozygous for loci controlling the characteristic being
`transferred, but will be like the superior parent for most or
`almost all other genes. The last backcross generation would
`be selfed to give pure breeding progenyfor the gene(s) being
`transferred.
`
`A single cross hybrid corn variety is the cross of two
`inbred lines, each of which has a genotype which comple-
`ments the genotype of the other. The hybrid progeny of the
`first generation is designated F,. In the development of
`hybrids only the F, hybrid plants are sought. Preferred F
`hybrids are more vigorous than their inbred parents. This
`hybrid vigor, or heterosis, can be manifested in many
`polygenictraits, including increased vegetative growth and
`increased yield.
`The development of a hybrid corn variety involves three
`steps: (1) the selection of plants from various germplasm
`pools;
`(2) the selfing of the selected plants for several
`generations to produce a series of inbred lines, which,
`although different from each other, each breed true and are
`highly uniform; and (3) crossing the selected inbred lines
`with unrelated inbred lines to produce the hybrid progeny
`(F,). During the inbreeding process in corn, the vigor ofthe
`lines decreases. Vigor is restored when two unrelated inbred
`lines are crossed to produce the hybrid progeny (F,). An
`important consequence of the homozygosity and homoge-
`neity of the inbred lines is that the hybrid between any two
`inbreds will always be the same. Once the inbredsthat give
`a superior hybrid have been identified, the hybrid seed can
`be reproducedindefinitely as long as the homogeneityof the
`inbred parents is maintained.
`A single cross hybrid is produced when two inbredlines
`are crossed to produce the F, progeny. A double cross hybrid
`is produced from four inbred lines crossed in pairs (AxB and
`CxD)and then the two F, hybrids are crossed again (AxB)x
`(CxD). Much of the hybrid vigor exhibited by F, hybrids is
`lost in the next generation (F,). Consequently, seed from
`hybrid varieties is not used for planting stock.
`Com is an important and valuable field crop. Thus, a
`continuing goal of plant breedersis to develop high-yielding
`corn hybrids that are agronomically sound based on stable
`inbred lines. The reasons for this goal are obvious:
`to
`maximize the amount of grain produced with the inputs used
`and minimize susceptibility to environmental stresses. To
`accomplish this goal,
`the corn breeder must select and
`develop superior inbred parental lines for producing hybrids.
`This requires identification and selection of genetically
`unique individuals which in a segregating population occur
`as the result of a combination of crossover events plus the
`independentassortment of specific combinationsofalleles at
`many gene loci which results in specific genotypes. Based
`on the number of segregating genes,
`the frequency of
`occurrence of an individual with a specific genotypeis less
`than 1 in 10,000. Thus, even if the entire genotype of the
`parents has been characterized and the desired genotype is
`known, only a few if any individuals having the desired
`genotype may be found in a large F, or Sy population.
`
`

`

`3
`Typically, however, the genotype of neither the parents nor
`the desired genotype is known in any detail.
`
`4
`
`GDU= (Max. temp. ‘Min temp)
`
`50
`
`5,506,367
`
`SUMMARYOF THE INVENTION
`
`According to the invention, there is provided a novel
`inbred corn line, designated PHP38. This invention thus
`relates to the seeds of inbred corn line PHP38, to the plants
`of inbred corn line PHP38, and to methods for producing a
`corn plant producedby crossing the inbred line PHP38 with
`itself or another corn line. This invention further relates to
`hybrid corn seeds and plants produced by crossing the
`inbred line PHP38 with another corn line or a related
`species.
`
`DEFINITIONS
`
`In the description and examples that follow, a number of
`terms are used herein. In order to provide a clear and
`consistent understanding of the specification and claims,
`including the scope to be given such terms, the following
`definitions are provided:
`ABS=absolute measurement and % MNis percentage of
`mean of the experiments in which inbread or hybrid was
`grown unless otherwise defined.
`BAR PLT=BARREN PLANTS. This is the percent of
`plants per plot that were not barren (lack ears).
`BRT STK=BRITTLE STALKS. This is 2 measure of the
`stalk breakage near the time of pollination, and is an
`indication of whether a hybrid or inbred would snap or break
`near the time of flowering under severe winds. Data are
`presented as percentage of plants that did not snap.
`BU ACR=YIELD (BUSHELS/ACRE). Actual yield of
`the grain at harvest adjusted to 15.5% moisture. ABS is in
`absolute terms and % MNis percent of the means for the
`experiments in which the inbred or hybrid was grown.
`CLD TST=COLDTEST.Thisis the percentage of kernels
`that germinate under cald soil conditions.
`COB SC=COB SCORE.Thecobscore is a rating of how
`well the grain is shelled off the cob and how badly the cob
`is broken up going through the combine. This is given as a
`1 to 9 score with 9 being very good. ‘A high score indicates
`that the grain shells off of the cob well, and the cob does not
`break.
`DRP EAR=DROPPED EARS. This is a measure of the
`number of dropped ears per plot and represents the percent-
`age of plants that did not drop ears prior to harvest.
`EAR HT=EAR HEIGHT. The ear height is a measure
`from the ground to the top developed ear node attachment
`and is measured in inches.
`
`EAR SZ=EARSIZE.A 1 to 9 visual rating of ear size. The
`higher the rating the larger the ear size.
`EST CNT=EARLY STAND COUNT.This is a measure
`of the stand establishment in the spring and represents the
`number of plants that emerge on a per plot basis for the
`inbred or hybrid.
`GDU SHD=GDU TO SHED. The number of growing
`degree units (GDUs) orheat units required for an inbredline
`or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plants
`shedding pollen and is measured from the time of planting.
`Growing degree units are calculated by the Barger Method,
`where the heat units for a 24-hour period are:
`
`5
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`The highest maximum temperature used is 86° F. and the
`lowest minimum temperature used is 50° F. For each inbred
`or hybrid it takes a certain number of GDUsto reach various
`stages of plant development.
`GDU SLK=GDU TO SILK. The number of growing
`degree units required for an inbred line or hybrid to have
`approximately 50 percent of the plants with silk emergence
`from time of planting. Growing degree units are calculated
`by the Barger Method as given in GDU SHDdefinition.
`GRN QUL=GRAIN QUALITY.This is a 1 to 9 rating for
`the general quality of the shelled grain as it is harvested
`based on such factors as the color of the harvested grain, any
`mold on the grain, and any cracked grain. High scores
`indicate good grain quality.
`MST=HARVEST MOISTURE.The moistureis the actual
`percentage moisture of the grain at harvest.
`PLT HT=PLANT HEIGHT. This is a measure of the
`height of the plant from the groundto the tip of the tassel in
`inches.
`
`POL SC=POLLEN SCORE. A 1 to 9 visual rating indi-
`cating the amount ofpollen shed. The higherthe score the
`more pollen shed.
`PRM=PREDICTED RM. This trait, predicted relative
`maturity (RM), is based on the harvest moisture of the grain.
`The relative maturity rating is based on a known set of
`checks andutilizes standardlinear regression analyses and is
`referred to as the Minnesota Relative Maturity Rating Sys-
`tem.
`
`RT LDG=ROOTLODGING.Rootlodging is the percent-
`age of plants that do not root lodge; plants that lean from the
`vertical axis at an approximately 30° angle or greater would
`be counted as root lodged.
`SCT GRN=SCATTER GRAIN. A 1 to 9 visual rating
`indicating the amountof scatter grain (lack of pollination or
`kemel abortion) on the ear. The higher the score the less
`scatter grain.
`SDG VGR=SEEDLING VIGOR.Thisis the visual rating
`(1 to 9) of the amountof vegetative growth after emergence
`at the seedling stage (approximately five leaves). A higher
`score indicates better vigor.
`SEL IND=SELECTION INDEX. The selection index
`gives a single measure of the hybrid’s worth based on
`information for up to five traits. A corn breeder mayutilize
`his or her ownsetoftraits for the selection index. Oneof the
`traits that is almost always includedis yield. The selection
`index data presented in the tables represent the mean value
`averaged across testing stations.
`STA GRN=STAY GREEN,Stay green is the measure of
`plant health near the time of black layer formation (physi-
`ological maturity). A high score indicates better late-season
`plant health.
`STK CNT=NUMBER OF PLANTS, This is the final
`stand or numberofplants perplot.
`STK LDG=STALK LODGING.Thisis the percentage of
`plants that did not stalk lodge (stalk breakage) as measured
`by either natural lodging or pushing the stalks and deter-
`mining the percentage of plants that break below the ear.
`TAS BLS=TASSEL BLAST. A 1 to 9 visual rating was
`used to measure the degree ofblasting (necrosis due to heat
`stress) of the tassel at time of flowering. A 1 would indicate
`a very high level of blasting at time of flowering, while a 9
`would have notassel blasting.
`
`

`

`5,506,367
`
`30
`
`35
`
`5
`6
`TAS SZ=TASSELSIZE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used
`EAR MLD=General Ear Mold: Visual rating (1-9 score)
`to indicate the relative size of the tassel. The higher the
`where a “1” is very susceptible and a “9” is very resistant.
`This is based on overall rating for ear mold of mature ears
`tating the larger thetassel.
`TAS WT=TASSEL WEIGHT. Thisis the average weight
`without determining specific mold organism, and may not be
`predictive for a specific ear mold.
`5
`of a tassel (grams) just prior to pollen shed.
`
`TEX EAR=EAR TEXTURE.AJto 9 visual rating was ECB DPE=Dropped ears due to European Com Borer
`used to indicate the relative hardness (smoothness of crown)
`(Ostrinia nubilalis): Percentage of Plants that did not drop
`-
`:
`ears under second brood corn borer infestation.
`of mature grain. A 1 would be very soft (extreme dent) while
`_.
`a9 would be very hard (flinty or very smooth crown).
`ECB2SC-European Com Borer Second Brood (Ostrinia
`.
`10 nubilalis): Visual rating (1-9 score) of post flowering dam-
`TILLER=TILLERS. A count of the numberoftillers per
`age dueto infestation by European Corn Borer. A “1”is very
`plot that could possibly shed pollen was taken. Data is given
`susceptible and a “9”is very resistant.
`as percentage oftillers: numberoftillers per plot divided by
`ECB 1LF=European Com Borer First Brood (Ostrinia
`number of plants per plot.
`nubilalis): Visual rating (1-9 score) of pre-flowering leaf
`TST WT=TEST WEIGHT UNADJUSTED. The measure 5 feeding by European Corn Borer. A “1” is very susceptible
`of the weight of the grain in pounds for a given volume
`and a “9” is very resistant.
`(bushel).
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`TST WTA=TEST WEIGHT ADJUSTED.The measure of
`INVENTION
`the weight of the grain in pounds for a given volume
`.
`.
`.
`20
`(bushel) adjusted for percent moisture.
`lnbred com line ae38 ve yellow. dent com inbred that
`:
`rovides an acceptable male or
`female
`parental
`line in
`YLD=YIELD.It is the sameas BU ACR ABS.
`crosses for producing first generation FL com hybrids.
`YLD SC=YIELD SCORE.A 1 to9visual rating was used_PHP38 is best adapted to the central and eastern regions of
`to give arelative rating for yield based on plot ear piles. The
`the united States. Hybrids of PHP38 also possess very good
`higher the rating the greater visual yield appearance.
`drought tolerance and stability of yield which makes them
`MDM CPX=Maize Dwarf Mosaic Complex (MDMV= 25
`extremely well-adapted for the hot, arid growing areas of the
`Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus & MCDV=Maize Chlorotic
`Western United States. The inbred can be used to produce
`Dwarf Virus): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a “1” is very
`hybrids from approximately 111-126 relative maturity
`susceptible and a “9”is very resistant.
`based on the Minnesota Relative Maturity Rating System for
`COM SMT=Common Smut (Ustilago maydis): Percent-
`harvest moisture of grain. PHP38 should make a good
`:
`.
`280
`female since it has acceptable yield, good early vigor, and
`mayais):
`age ofplants that did not have infection.
`good early stand establishment. PHP38 would also be
`SLF BLT Southern Leaf Blight (Bipolaris maydis, Hel-
`acceptable as a male because ofits pollen yield. The inbred
`minthosporium maydis): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a
`in hybrid combination has excellent stay green and overall
`“1” is very susceptible and a “9”is very resistant.
`disease tolerance. PHP38 has excellent stalks and above
`NLF BLT=Northern Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum,
`average roots. PHP38 hybrids generally have very good
`H.turcicum): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a“1” is very
`Stain quality and high test weight.
`susceptible and a “9” is very resistant.
`. The inbred has shown uniformity and stability within the
`COM RST=Common Rust (Puccinia sorghi): Visual rat-
`limits of environmental
`influence for all
`the traits as
`ing (1-9 score) where a “1”is very susceptible and a “9”is
`described in the Variety Description Information (Table 1)
`very resistant.
`that follows. Most of the data in the Variety Description
`.
`.
`.
`Information wascollected at Johnston, Iowa. The inbred has
`EYE SPT=Eyespot (Kabatiella zeae): Visual faling (1-9
`been self-pollinated and ear-rowed a sufficient number of
`score) where a
`“1”
`is very susceptible and a
`“9”
`is very
`generations with careful attention paid to uniformity of plant
`resistant.
`type to ensure homozygousity and phenotypic stability. The
`GLF SPT=Gray Leaf Spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis): 45
`line has been increased both by hand and in isolated fields
`Visualrating (1-9 score) where a “1”is very susceptible and
`with continued observation for uniformity. No varianttraits
`a “9”is very resistant.
`have been observed or are expected in PHP38,
`STW WLT=Stewart’s Wilt (Erwinia stewartii): Visual
`Inbred corn line PHP38, being substantially homozygous,
`rating (1-9 score) where a “1” is very susceptible and a “9”
`can be reproduced by planting seedsof the line, growing the
`is very resistant.
`resulting corn plants underself-pollinating or sib-pollinating
`HD SMT=Head Smut(Sphacelotheca reiliana): Percent-
`conditions with adequate isolation, and harvesting the result-
`age of plants that did not have infection.
`ing seed, using techniques familiar to the agricultural arts.
`
`40
`
`50
`
`TABLE 1
`
`VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
`INBRED = PHP38
`
`:
`
`Type: Dent
`
`A. Maturity: Average across maturity zones. Zone: 0
`Heat Unit Shed:
`Heat Unit Silk:
`No.Reps:
`
`Region Best Adapted:
`Central & Eastern Com
`Belt
`
`1480
`1500
`64
`
`

`

`5,506,367
`
`TABLE1-continued
`VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
`INBRED = PHP38
`{Max. Temp. (386° F.) +
`Min. Temp (250° F.)]*
`HEAT UNITSee 50
`B. Plant Characteristics:
`
`225 cm
`12cm
`Single
`82 cm
`None
`Normal
`
`(B14) Dark Green
`<30 degrees
`(WF9) Few
`20
`(W22) Light
`(PA11) many
`80 cm
`99cm
`
`8 >
`
`45 degrees
`Medium based on Pollenyield test
`(98% of experiement means)
`22 cm
`Red
`Green
`
`16 cm
`121 gm
`45 mm
`Yellow
`(210 cm) Very long
`(8-15 cm) Medium
`Average
`Pendent
`Straight, Distinct Number = 16
`Light green
`Buf
`13 cm
`8
`
`11 mm
`8 mm
`6 mm
`40-60 (59% medium round based
`on Parent Test Data)
`Colorless
`Homozygous yellow
`Yellow
`Normal starch
`30 gm
`
`29 mm
`Strong
`White
`
`Resistant
`
`Susceptible
`Resistant
`Resistant
`Intermediate
`Resistant
`Intermdiate
`Susceptible
`
`Plant height (to tassel tip):
`Length of top ear internode:
`Number ofcars perstalk:
`Ear height (to base of top ear):
`Numberoftillers:
`Cytoplasm type:
`C. Leaf:
`
`Color:
`Angle from Stalk:
`Marginal Waves:
`Number of Leaves (mature plants):
`Sheath Pubescence:
`Longitudinal Creases:
`Length (Ear node leaf):
`Width (widest point, ear node leaf):
`D. Tassel:
`
`Numberlateral branches:
`Branch Angle from central spike:
`Pollen Shed:
`
`Peduncle Length (top leaf to basal branches):
`Anther Color:
`GlumeColor:
`E. Ear (Husked Ear Data Except When Stated Otherwise):
`Length:
`Weight:
`Mid-point Diameter:
`Silk Color:
`Husk Extension (Harvest stage):
`Husk Leaf:
`Taper of Ear:
`Position of Shank (dry husks):
`Kernel Rows:
`Husk Color (fresh):
`Husk Color (dry):
`Shank Length:
`Shank (No. of internodes):
`FE Kernel (Dried):
`
`Size (from ear mid-point)
`
`Shape Grade (% rounds):
`Pericarp Color:
`Aleurone Color:
`Endosperm Color:
`Endosperm Type:
`Gm Wt/100 Seeds (unsized):
`G. Cob:
`
`Diameter at mid-point:
`Strength:
`Color:
`H. Diseases:
`
`Corn Lethal Necrosis (MCMV = Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus
`and MDMV= Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus):
`Maize Dwarf mosaic Complex (MDMV & MCDV = Maize Chloratic
`Dwarf Virus):
`Anthracnose Stalk Rot (C. graminicola):
`S. Leaf Blight (H. maydis):
`N. Leaf Blight (H. turcicum):
`Carbonum Leaf Blight (H. carbonum):
`Eye Spot (K. zeae):
`Gray Leaf Spot (C. zeae):
`
`

`

`5,506,367
`
`TABLE1-continued
`VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
`INBRED = PHP38
`Resistant
`Stewart’s Wilt (E. stewartii):
`Resistant
`Goss’s Wilt (C. nebraskense):
`Intermediate
`Common Smut (U. maydis):
`Head Smut (S. reiliana):
`Highly Resistant
`Resistant
`Fusarium Ear Mold (F moniliforme):
`I. Insects:
`
`European Corn Borer-1 Leaf Damage (Preflowering):
`European Corn Borer-2 (Post-flowering):
`The above descriptions are based on a scale of 1-9, 1
`being highly susceptible, 9 being highly resistant.
`S (Susceptible):
`T (intermediate):
`R (Resistant):
`H (Highly Resistant):
`
`J. Variety Most Closely Resembling:
`Character
`
`Susceptible
`Intermediate
`
`Would generally represent a score of 1-3.
`Would generally represent a score of 4-5.
`Would generally represent a score of 6-7.
`Would generally represent a score of 8-9.
`Highly resistant does not imply the inbred is immune.
`
`Inbred
`
`PHK29
`Maturity
`PHG39
`Usage
`
`*If maximum is greater than 86 degrees fahrenheit, then 86 is used and if minimum isless than 50, then 50 is used. Heat units accumulated daily and can
`Notbe less than 0,
`
`Data for Items B, C, D, E, F, and G is based primarily on
`a maximum of two reps from Johnston, Iowa grown in 1988,
`plus description information from the maintaining station.
`
`ELECTROPHORESIS RESULTS
`
`Isozyme Genotypes for PHP38
`
`Isozyme data were generated for inbred corm line PHP38
`according to the procedures described in Stuber, C. W.,
`Wendel, J. F, Goodman, M. M., and Smith, J. S. C.,
`“Techniques and Scoring Procedures for Starch Gel Elec-
`trophoresis of Enzymes from Maize (Zea mays L.)”, Tech-
`nical Bulletin No. 286, North Carolina Agricultural
`Research Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh,
`N.C. (1988).
`The data in Table 2 compares PHP38 with its parents
`PHG39 and PHK29.
`
`TABLE 2
`
`ELECTROHPORESIS RESULTS FOR PHP38
`AND ITS PARENTS PHG39 AND PHK29
`
`PARENTS
`
`Loci
`PHP38
`PHG39
`PHK29
`
`ACPI
`4
`4
`4
`ADH1
`4
`4
`4
`CAT3
`9
`9
`9
`DIAL
`8
`8
`12
`GOT1
`4
`4
`4
`GOT2
`2
`2
`4
`GOT3
`4
`4
`4
`IDHI
`4
`4
`4
`IDH2
`6
`6
`4
`MDH1
`6
`6
`6
`MDH2
`6
`6
`3.5
`MDH3
`16
`16
`16
`MDH4
`12
`12
`12
`MDH5
`12
`12
`12
`MMM -
`4
`4
`4
`PGM1
`9
`9
`9
`PGM2
`4
`4
`4
`
`TABLE2-continued
`
`ELECTROHPORESIS RESULTS FOR PHP38
`AND ITS PARENTS PHG39 AND PHK29
`
`PARENTS
`
`Loci
`
`PGD1
`PGD2
`PHIL
`
`PHP38
`
`PHG39
`
`PHK29
`
`2
`5
`4
`
`2
`5
`4
`
`3.8
`5
`4
`
`INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
`
`This invention also is directed to methods for producing
`a corn plant by crossing a first parent corn plant with a
`second parent corn plant wherein the first or second parent
`com plant is an inbred corn plant from the line PHP38.
`Further, both first and second parent corn plants can come
`from the inbred corn line PHP38. Thus, any such methods
`using the inbred corn line PHP38are part of this invention:
`selfing, backcrosses, hybrid production, crosses to popula-
`tions, and the like. All plants produced using inbred corn line
`PHP38 as a parent are within the scope of this invention.
`Advantageously, the inbred corn line is used in crosses with
`other, different, corn inbreds to producefirst generation (F;)
`corn hybrid seeds and plants with superior characteristics.
`As used herein, the terms “plant and plant parts” include
`plant cells, plant protoplasts, plant cell tissue culture from
`which corn plants can be regenerated, plant calli, plant
`clumps, and plant cells that are intact in plants or parts of
`plants, such as embryos, pollen, flowers, kernels, ears, cobs,
`leaves, husks, stalks, roots, root tips, anthers, silk and the
`like.
`
`Tissue culture of corn is described in European Patent
`Application, publication 160,390, incorporated hercin by
`reference. Corn tissue culture procedures are also described
`in Green and Rhodes, “Plant Regeneration in Tissue Culture
`of Maize,” Maize for Biological Research (Plant Molecular
`Biology Association, Charlottsville, Va. 1982, at 367-372).
`
`

`

`5,506,367
`
`11
`Thus, another aspect of this invention is to provide cells
`which upon growth and differentiation produce the inbred
`_ Tine PHP38.
`The utility of inbred line PHP38 also extends to crosses
`with other species. Commonly,suitable species will be of the
`family Graminaceae, and especially of the genera Zea,
`Tripsacum, Coix, Schlerachne, Polytoca, Chionachne, and
`Trilobachne, of the tribe Maydeae. Of these, Zea and Trip-
`sacum, are most preferred. Potentially suitable for crosses
`with PHP38 may bethe variousvarieties of grain sorghum,
`Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
`Corn is used as human food, livestock feed, and as raw
`material in industry. The food uses of corn, in addition to
`human consumption of corn kernels, include both products
`of dry- and wet-milling industries. The principal products of
`com dry milling are grits, meal and flour. The corn wet-
`milling industry can provide corn starch, corn syrups, and
`dextrose for food use. Corn oil is recovered from corn germ,
`which is a by-product of both dry- and wet-milling indus-
`tries.
`
`Corn, including both grain and non-grain portions of the
`plant, is also used extensively as livestock feed, primarily .
`for beefcattle, dairy cattle, hogs, and poultry.
`Industrial uses of corn are mainly from corn starch from
`the wet-milling industry and corn flour from the dry-milling
`industry. The industrial applications of corn starch and flour
`are based on functional properties, such as viscosity, film
`formation, adhesive properties, and ability to suspend par-
`ticles. The corn starch andflour have application in the paper
`and textile industries. Other industrial uses include applica-
`tions in adhesives, building materials, foundry binders,
`laundry starches, explosives, oil-well muds, and other min-
`ing applications.
`Plant parts other than the grain of corn are also used in
`industry. Stalks and husks are made into paper and wall-
`board and cobs are used for fuel and to make charcoal.
`
`The seed of inbred corn line PHP38, the plant produced
`from the inbred seed, the hybrid com plant produced from
`the crossing of the inbred, hybrid seed, and various parts of
`the hybrid corn plant can be utilized for human food,
`livestock feed, and as a raw material in industry.
`
`EXAMPLE
`
`INBRED AND HYBRID PERFORMANCE OF
`PHP38
`
`In the examplesthat follow the traits and characteristics of
`inbred corn line PHP38 are given as a line in comparison
`with its parents and in hybrid combination. The data col-
`lected on inbred corn line PHP38 is presented for the key
`characteristics andtraits.
`
`The results in Table 3A compare PHP38 to its PHG39
`parent. The results show that PHP38is significantly higher
`yielding and has lower grain moisture at maturity than
`PHG39. PHP38 flowers (GDU SHD and GDU SLK)earlier
`than PHG39 . PHP38 is shorter with lower ear placement
`than PHG39 and has significantly fewer barren plants.
`PHP38 has better seedling vigor, lower early stand estab-
`lishment and cold tolerance than PHG39 . PHP38 has a
`highertest weight and scatter grain score than PHG39.In the
`areas of disease and insect resistance, PHP38 has better
`agronomictraits, ear mold, Northern leaf blight, and Stew-
`art’s wilt resistance but is more susceptible to first brood
`European corn borer than PHG39.
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`45
`
`50
`
`12
`Table 3B compares PHP38 with inbred PHK29. PHK29is
`the other parent of PHP38. PHP38is lower yielding but has
`higher test weight than PHK29. PHP38 is shorter, has lower
`ear placement, and has fewer barren plants than PHK29. The
`seedling vigor and early stand establishment of PHP38 is
`better than PHK29 but has fewer kernels germinate under
`cold soil: conditions. PHP38 flowers (GDU SHD and GDU
`SLK) earlier than PHK29, Stalk lodging, brittle stalk, and
`Northern and Southern leaf blight resistance is greater for
`PHP38 but PHP38 is more susceptible to first brood com
`borer than PHK29.
`
`Tables 4-9 compare PHP38 hybrids to Pioneer Brand
`hybrids 3362, 3467, 3540, 3569, 3379, and 3344, respec-
`tively. Each hybrid has a parent in common with the PHP38
`hybrid other than PHP38. The hybrids are adapted to much
`of the same area as the PHP38 hybrids. Table 4 compares a
`PHP38 hybrid with 3362. The PHP38 hybrid yields signifi-
`cantly more bushels per acre and has a higher test weight
`than 3362. The PHP38 hybrid has better seedling vigor,is
`shorter, and ear placementis lower than 3362. Stalk lodging
`resistance is better and the stay green score of the PHP38
`hybrid is higher than 3362.
`Theresults of Table 5, comparing the PHP38 hybrid with
`3467, show a number of agronomic differences. The PHP38
`hybrid yields less, is taller, and has higher ear placement
`than 3467. The stalk and root lodging resistance of the
`PHP38 hybrid is better than 3467.
`Table 6 shows that the PHP38 hybrid yields more, has
`higher test weight, and flowers earlier (GDU SHD) than
`3540. Root lodging resistance and the stay green score is
`lower for the PHP38 hybrid and it has more dropped ears
`than 3540.
`
`Table 7 shows the results between a PHP38 hybrid and
`3569, The PHP38 hybrid is slightly higher yielding, has
`significantly higher test weight, and more grain moisture at
`maturity than 3569. The PHP38 hybrid and 3569 have
`similar plant and ear height but the PHP38 hybrid flowers
`(GDU SHD)slightly earlier than 3569. Stay green and grain
`quality are significantly better for the PHP38 hybrid than
`3569, Stalk lodging resistance is significantly better for the
`PHP38 hybrid butit is more prone to root lodging than 3569,
`and the PHP38 hybrid also shows the potential for ear
`droppage.
`The results in Table 8 show the PHP38 hybridis signifi-
`cantly lower yielding, has significantly higher test weight,
`and hassignificantly more grain harvest moisture than 3379.
`The PHP38 hybrid is shorter, has slightly lower ear place-
`ment, and flowers (GDU SHD)similarly compared to 3379.
`The PHP38 hybrid has better seedling vigor but a lower
`early stand than 3379. Stay green and stalk lodging resis-
`tance are significantly better for the PHP38 hybrid but root
`lodging resistance is similar compared to 3379,
`Table 9 compares a PHP38 hybrid with 3344. The PHP38
`hybrid yields slightly more, has higher test weight, and
`similar grain moisture at maturity compared to 3344..The
`PHP38 hybrid and 3344 have similar plant and ear height
`and flower (GDU SHD) similarly. The PHP38 hybrid has
`significantly better stay green and seedling vigor than 3344.
`The PHP38 hybrid has better stalks but is slightly more
`proneto root lodging than 3344, and the PHP38 hybrid also
`shows the tendency to drop ears. These results show that
`PHP38 hybrids offer significant advantage over commercial
`products that are sold for yield and other important agro-
`nomictraits.
`
`

`

`13
`
`14
`
`5,506,367
`
`TABLE 3A
`
`PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA
`VARIETY #1 - PHP38
`VARIETY #2 - PHG39
`
`BU
`BU
`YL