US8005569822A
`5,569,822
`(1) Patent Number:
`United States Patent 1»
`*Oct. 29, 1996
`[45] Date of Patent:
`Chapman
`
`
`MOAA
`
`[54]
`
`INBRED CORN LINE PHTE4
`
`5,453,564
`
`9/1995 Chapman oonniecceeccecscsessssesseee 800/200
`
`[75]
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Inventor: Michael A. Chapman, Madison Lake,
`Minn.
`Hallauer et al. In Com and Com Improvement. Third
`.
`.
`.
`.
`Edition. Sprague et al., eds. ASA-CSSA-SSSA. Madison,
`[73] Assignee: Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.,
`WI. pp. 463-564.
`Des Moines, Iowa
`Meghji et al. Corp Science. 24:545-549.
`The term ofthis patent shall not extend
`[*] Notice:
`beyond the expiration date of Pat. No.—Wright. In Hybridization of Crop Piants. Fehr etal., eds.
`5,453,564.
`ASA-CSSA.Madison, WI. Ch. 8: 161-176.
`Wych. In Com and Corn Improvement. Third Edition.
`Spragueetal., eds. ASA-CSSA-SSSA.Madison, WI. Ch. 9:
`565-607.
`
`;
`[21] Appl. No.: 500,286
`[22] Filed:
`Jul. 10, 1995
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`[63] Continuation of Ser. No. 414,477, Mar. 31, 1995, Pat. No.
`5,495,069, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 186,730, Jan.
`24, 1994, Pat. No. 5,453,564.
`
`[51]
`Tint, Cho nccccccsessccseeseseeee A01H 1/02; A01H 5/00
`[52] US. Che ccc 800/200; 800/250; 800/DIG. 56;
`:
`.
`47158; 47/DIG.1
`[58] Field of Search occeseseeseeeeees 800/200, 250,
`800/205, 235, DIG. 56; 47/58, 58.01, 58.03,
`DIG. 1
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`Primary Examiner—Erich E. Veitenheimer
`
`(57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`According to the invention, there is provided an inbred corn
`.
`:
`we
`:
`1
`ted PHTE4. Th
`th
`to
`th
`te designate
`is invention
`thus relates to
`the
`plants and seeds of inbred corn line PHTE4and to methods
`for producing a corn plant produced by crossing the inbred
`line PHTE4 with itself or with another corn plant. This
`invention further relates to hybrid corm seeds and plants
`produced by crossing the inbred line PHTE4 with another
`corn line orplant.
`
`5,285,004
`
`2/1994 Ambrose ....ccccssccssersscssscrereree 800/200
`
`2 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets
`
`Inari Exhibit 1050
`Inari Exhibit 1050
`Inari v. Pioneer
`Inari v. Pioneer
`
`

`

`USS. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 1996
`
`Sheet 1 of 2
`
`5,569,822
`
`VALUE
`
`10
`60
`REP MEANS
`
`80
`
`90
`
`100
`
`+ PHTEA
`© PHIAD
`—— PREDICTED
`—PHT
`-—-PHJ40
`
`FIG.4
`
`VARIETY
`
`30
`
`AQ
`
`20
`
`___PHTE4 PHJ40
`B:
`073
`0.57
`R2:
`0.61
`0.25
`N: 2
`70
`752
`63.2
`Mo:
`75,
`86.9
`243.0
`DMS:
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 29, 1996
`
`Sheet 2 of 2
`
`5,569,822
`
`
`
`VARIETYVALUE
`
`
`49
`50
`60
`70
`80
`90
`100
`110
`[e0
`130
`140
`___PHTEA PHAN
`REP MEANS
`+ PHTEA
`B
`:
`087
`1,10
`© PHBW8
`R2:
`0.59
`0.69
`—— PREDICTED
`No:
`32
`32
`—— PHTE4
`Mo:
`79.7
`90.5
`~—-PHBW8
`DWS: 143.3
`153.9
`
`FIG.2
`
`

`

`5,569,822
`
`1
`INBRED CORN LINE PHTE4
`
`REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
`
`This is a continuation of prior application Ser. No. 08/414,
`477, filed Mar. 31, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,495,069,
`which was a continuation of prior application Ser. No.
`08/186,730,filed Jan. 24, 1994 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,453,564.
`
`2
`In general terms this procedure consists of crossing two
`inbred lines to produce the non-segregating F, generation,
`and self pollination of the F, generation to produce the F,
`generation that segregates forall factors for which the inbred
`parents differ. An exampleofthis processis set forth below.
`Variations of this generalized pedigree method are used, but
`all these variations produce a segregating generation which
`contains a range of variation for the traits of interest.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`EXAMPLE1
`
`This inventionis in the field of corn breeding, specifically
`relating to an inbred corn line designated PHTE4.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`Plant Breeding
`Field crops are bred through techniques that take advan-
`tage of the plant’s method ofpollination. A plant is self-
`pollinated if pollen from one flower is transferred to the
`same or another flower of the same plant. A plant
`is
`cross-pollinated if the pollen comes from a flower on a
`different plant.
`Com plants (Zea mays L.) can be bred by both self-
`pollination and cross-pollination techniques. Corn has sepa-
`rate male and female flowers on the sameplant, located on
`the tassel and the ear, respectively. Natural pollination
`occurs in corm when wind blows pollen from the tassels to
`the silks that protrude from the tops of the incipient ears.
`The developmentof a hybrid corn variety involves three
`steps: (i) the selection of plants from various germplasm
`pools;
`(2)
`the selfing of the selected plants for several
`generations to produce a series of inbred lines, which,
`although different from each other, breed true andare highly
`uniform; and (3) crossing the selected inbred lines with
`unrelated inbred lines to produce the hybrid progeny (F, ).
`During the inbreeding process in corn,the vigor of the lines
`decreases. Vigor is restored when two unrelated inbredlines
`are crossed to produce the hybrid progeny. An important
`consequence of the homozygosity and homogeneity of the
`inbred lines is that the hybrid between any two inbreds will
`always be the same. Once the inbreds that give a superior
`hybrid have been identified, the hybrid seed can be repro-
`duced indefinitely as long as the homogeneity of the inbred
`parents is maintained.
`The objective of commercial maize inbred line develop-
`ment programsis to develop new inbredlines that combine
`to produce high grain yields and superior agronomic per-
`formance in hybrid combination. The primary trait breeders
`seek is yield. However, other major agronomictraits are of
`importance in hybrid combination and have an impact on
`yield or otherwise provide superior performance in hybrid
`combinations. Suchtraits include percent grain moisture at
`harvest, relative maturity, resistance to stalk breakage, resis-
`tance to root lodging, grain quality, and disease and insect
`resistance. In addition the lines per se must have acceptable
`performance for parental traits such as seed yields, kernel
`sizes, pollen production,all of whichaffect ability to provide
`parental lines in sufficient quantity and quality for hybrid-
`ization. Traits have been shown to be under genetic control
`and many if not all of the traits are affected by multiple
`genes. Thus, to be selected as an inbredline, the inbred must
`be able to combine such that the desired traits are passed to
`the hybrid and also be able to satisfy production require-
`ments as a parental line.
`Pedigree Breeding
`The pedigree method of breeding is the mostly widely
`used methodology for new inbred line development.
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`65
`
`Hypothetical example of pedigree breeding
`program
`
`Consider a cross between two inbred lines that differ for
`alleles at five loci.
`The parental genotypes are:
`Parent 1
`Parent 2
`
`AbCdeF/AbCdeF
`aBcDEffaBcDEf
`
`the F, from a cross between these two parentsis:
`
`F,
`
`AbCdeF/aBcDEf
`
`Selfing F, will produce an F, generation including the
`following genotypes:
`
`ABcDEff/abCdeF
`ABcDef/abCdEF
`ABcDeffabCdeF
`
`The number of genotypes in the F, is 3° for six segre-
`gating loci (729) and will produce (2°)-2 possible new
`inbreds, (62 for six segregating loci).
`Each inbred parent which is used in breeding crosses
`represents a unique combination of genes, and the combined
`effects of the genes define the performanceof the inbred and
`its performance in hybrid combination. There is published
`evidence (Smith, O. S., J. S. C. Smith, S. L. Bowen, R. A.
`Tenborg and S. J. Wall, TAG 80:833-840 (1990)) that each
`of these lines are different and can be uniquely identified on
`the basis of genetically-controlled molecular markers.
`It has been shown (Hallauer, Arnel R. and Miranda, J. B.
`Fo. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding, lowa State
`University Press, Ames Iowa (1981)) that most traits of
`economic yalue in maize are under the genetic control of
`multiple genetic loci, and that there are a large number of
`unique combinations of these genes present in elite maize
`germplasm.If not, genetic progress using elite inbred lines
`would no longer be possible. Studies by Duvick and Russell
`(Duvick, D. N. Maydica 37:69-79 (1992); Russell, W. A.
`Maydica XX1X:375-390 (1983)) have shownthat over the
`last 50 years the rate of genetic progress in commercial
`hybrids has been between 1 and 2% per year.
`The number of genes affecting the trait of primary eco-
`nomic importance in maize, grain yield, has been estimated
`to be in the range of 10-1000. Inbred lines which are used
`as parents for breeding crosses differ in the number and
`combination of these genes. These factors make the plant
`breeder’s task more difficult. Compoundingthis is evidence
`that no oneline containsthe favorableallele atall loci, and
`that different alleles have different economic values depend-
`ing on the genetic background and field environment in
`which the hybrid is grown. Fifty years of breeding experi-
`ence showsthat there are many genesaffecting grain yield
`and each ofthese has a relatively small effect on this trait.
`
`

`

`5,569,822
`
`3
`The effects are small compared to breeders’ ability to
`measure grain yield differences in evaluation trials. There-
`fore, the parents of the breeding cross mustdiffer at several
`of these loci so that the genetic differences in the progeny
`will be large enough that breeders can develop a line that
`increases the economic worth of its hybrids over that of
`hybrids made with either parent.
`If the numberof loci segregating in a cross between two
`inbredlines is n, the number of unique genotypes in the F,
`generation is 3” (Example 2) and the number of unique
`inbred lines from this cross is {(2")—2}. Only a very limited
`number of these combinations are useful. Only about 1 in
`10,000 of the progeny from F,’s are commercially useful.
`By way of example, if it is assumed that the number of
`segregating loci in F, is somewhere between 20 and 50, and
`that each parent is fixed for half the favorablealleles, it is
`then possible to calculate approximate probabilities of find-
`ing an inbred that has the favorable allele at {(n/2)+m}loci,
`where n/2 is the numberof favorable alleles in each of the
`parents and m is the numberof additional favorable alleles
`in the new inbred. See Example 2 below. The number m is
`assumed to be greater than three because each allele has so
`small an effect that evaluation techniques are not sensitive
`enough to detect differences due to three or less favorable
`alleles. The probabilities in Example 2 are on the order of
`10-° or smaller and they are the probabilities that at least one
`genotype with (n/2)+m favorable alleles will exist.
`To put this in perspective the number of plants grown on
`60 million acres (approximate U.S. corm acreage) at 25000
`plants/acre is 1.5x10??.
`
`EXAMPLE2
`
`Probability of finding an inbred with m of n
`favorablealleles
`
`Assume each parent has n/2 of the favorable alleles and
`only % of the combinations of loci are economically useful.
`
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`4
`research results. Nevertheless, Pioneer’s breeders at each
`station produce from three to ten new inbreds which are
`proposed for commercial use each year. Over the 32 Pioneer
`research stations in North America, this amounts to from
`about 100 to 300 new inbreds proposed for use, and less than
`50 and more commonly less than 30 of these inbreds that
`actually satisfy the performancecriteria for commercial use.
`This is a result of plant breeders using their skills,
`experience andintuitive ability to select inbreds having the
`necessary qualities.
`,
`SUMMARYOF THE INVENTION
`
`there is provided a novel
`According to the invention,
`inbred corn line, designated PHTE4. This invention thus
`relates to the seeds of inbred corn line PHTE4,to the plants
`of inbred corn line PHTE4, and to methods for producing a
`corn plant produced by crossing the inbred line PHTE4 with
`itself or another corn line. This invention further relates to
`hybrid corn seeds and plants produced by crossing the
`inbred line PHTE4 with another corn line.
`
`DEFINITIONS
`
`In the description and examples that follow, a number of
`terms are used herein. In order to provide a clear and
`consistent understanding of the specification and claims,
`including the scope to be given such terms, the following
`definitions are provided. ABS is in absolute terms and %
`MN is percent of the mean for the experiments in which the
`inbred or hybrid was grown.
`BAR PLT=BARRENPLANTS. Thepercent ofplants per
`plot that were not barren (lack ears).
`BRT STK=BRITTLE STALKS. This is a measure of the
`stalk breakage near the time of pollination, and is an
`indication of whethera hybrid or inbred would snap or break
`near the time of flowering under severe winds. Data are
`presented as percentage of plants that did not snap.
`BU ACR=YIELD (BUSHELS/ACRE). Actual yield of
`the grain at harvest in bushels per acre adjusted to 15.5%
`moisture.
`DRP EAR=DROPPEDEARS. A measure of the number
`of dropped ears per plot and represents the percentage of
`plants that did not drop ears prior to harvest.
`EAR HT=EAR HEIGHT. The ear height is a measure
`from the ground to the highest placed developed ear node
`attachment and is measured in inches.
`
`Probability
`no. additional
`no. favorable
`no. of
`segregating
`alleles in
`favorablealleles
`that genotype
`loci (n)
`Parents (n/2)
`in new inbred
`occurs*
`
`20
`10
`14
`3x 10>
`24
`12
`16
`2x 10%
`28
`14
`18
`1x10°
`32
`16
`20
`8x10%
`36
`18
`22
`5x10°
`40
`20
`24
`3x 106
`44
`22
`26
`2x 10-6
`EAR SZ=EAR SIZE.A1to 9 visual rating ofear size. The
`
`24 2848 1x 10°
`
`
`higher the rating the larger the ear size.
`EST CNT=EARLY STAND COUNT.This is a measure
`of the stand establishment in the spring and represents the
`number of plants that emerge on a per plot basis for the
`inbred or hybrid.
`GDU SHD=GDU TO SHED. The number of growing
`degree units (GDUs)or heat units required for an inbred line
`or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plants
`shedding pollen and is measured from the timeof planting.
`Growing degree units are calculated by the Barger Method,
`where the heat units for a 24-hour period are:
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`*Probability that a useful combination exists, does not include the probability
`of identifying this combinationif it does exist.
`
`The possibility of having a usably high probability of
`being able to identify this genotype based onreplicatedfield
`testing would be most likely smaller than this, and is a
`function of how large a population of genotypesis tested and
`how testing resources are allocated in the testing program.
`At Pioneer Hi-Bred International, a typical corn research
`station has a staff of four, and 20 acres of breeding nursery.
`Those researchers plant those 20 acres with 25,000 nursery
`rows, 15,000 yield test plots in 10-15 yield test sites, and
`one or two disease-screening nurseries. Employing a tem-
`porary crew of 20 to 30 pollinators, the station makes about
`65,000 hand pollinations per growing season. Thus, one of
`the largest plant breeding programs in the world does not
`have a sufficiently large breeding population to be ableto
`rely upon “playing the numbers” to obtain successful
`
`Gpu= (Max. temp. +Min. temp)
`
`50
`
`65
`
`The highest maximum temperature used is 86° F. and the
`lowest minimum temperature used is 50° F. For each inbred
`or hybrid it takes a certain number of GDUsto reach various
`stages of plant development.
`
`

`

`5,569,822
`
`5
`GDU SLK=GDU TO SILK. The number of growing
`degree units required for an inbred line or hybrid to have
`approximately 50 percent of the plants with silk emergence
`from time of planting. Growing degree units are calculated
`by the Barger Method as given in GDU SHD definition.
`GRN APP=GRAIN APPEARANCE.This is a 1
`to 9
`tating for the general appearance of the shelled grain asit is
`harvested based on such factors as the colorof the harvested
`grain, any mold on the grain, and any cracked grain. High
`scores indicate good grain quality.
`MST=HARVEST MOISTURE.Themoisture is the actual
`percentage moisture of the grain at harvest.
`PLT HT=PLANT HEIGHT. This is a measure of the
`height of the plant from the groundto the tip of the tassel in
`inches.
`
`10
`
`15
`
`6
`stress) of the tassel at time of flowering. A 1 would indicate
`a very high level of blasting at timc of flowering, while a 9
`would have notassel blasting.
`TAS SZ=TASSELSIZE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used
`to indicate the relative size of the tassel. The higher the
`rating the larger the tassel.
`TAS VVT=TASSEL WEIGHT. Thisis the average weight
`of a tassel (grams) just prior to pollen shed.
`TEX EAR=EAR TEXTURE.A 1 to 9 visual rating was
`used to indicate the relative hardness (smoothness of crown)
`of mature grain. A 1 would be very soft (extreme dent) while
`a 9 would be very hard (flinty or very smooth crown).
`TILLER=TILLERS. A count of the numberoftillers per
`plot that could possibly shed pollen was taken. Data is given
`as percentage oftillers: numberoftillers per plot divided by
`number of plants per plot.
`TST VVT=TEST WEIGHT (UNADJUSTED). The mea-
`sure of the weight of the grain in poundsfor a given volume
`(bushel).
`TST VVTA=TEST WEIGHT ADJUSTED. The measure
`of the weight of the grain in pounds for a given volume
`(bushel) adjusted for percent moisture.
`YLD=YIELD. It is the same as BU ACR ABS.
`
`ECB 2SC=European Corn Borer Second Brood (Ostrinia
`nubilalis): Visual rating (1-9 score) of post flowering dam-
`age dueto infestation by European Corn Borer. A “1”is very
`susceptible and a “9” is very resistant.
`ECB 1LF=European Corn Borer First Brood (Ostrinia
`nubilalis): Visual rating (1-9 score) of pre-flowering leaf
`feeding by European Corn Borer. A “1” is very susceptible
`and a “9”is very resistant.
`
`POL SC=POLLEN SCORE.A 1 to 9 visual rating indi-
`cating the amount of pollen shed. The higher the score the
`more pollen shed.
`POL VVT=POLLEN WEIGHT.Thisis calculated by dry
`weight of tassels collected as shedding commences minus
`dry weight from similar tassels harvested after shedding is
`complete.
`through
`It should be understood that the inbred can,
`25
`routine manipulation of cytoplasmic factors, be produced in
`YLD SC=YIELD SCORE.A1to 9 visual rating was used
`a cytoplasmic male-sterile form which is otherwise pheno-
`to give a relative rating for yield based onplot ear piles. The
`typically identical to the male-fertile form.
`higher the rating the greater visual yield appearance.
`PRM=PREDICTED RM.This trait, predicted relative
`MDM CPX=Maize Dwarf Mosaic Complex (MDMV=
`maturity (RM), is based on the harvest moistureof the grain.
`Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus & MCDV=Maize Chiorotic
`The relative maturity-rating is based on a known set of
`Dwarf Virus): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a “1”is very
`checks and utilizes standard linear regression analyses andis
`susceptible and a “9” is very resistant.
`referred to as the Comparative Relative Maturity Rating
`SLF BLT=Southern Leaf Blight (Bipolaris maydis, Hel-
`System which is similar to the Minnesota Relative Maturity
`minthosporium maydis): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a
`Rating System.
`“1” is very susceptible and a “9”is very resistant.
`RT LDG=ROOT LODGING.Rootlodging is the percent-
`NLF BLT=Northern Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum,
`age of plants that do not root lodge; plants that lean from the
`H. turcicum): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a “1” is very
`vertical axis at an approximately 30° angle or greater would
`susceptible and a “9” is very resistant.
`be counted as root lodged.
`COM RST=Common Rust (Puccinia sorghi): Visual rat-
`SCT GRN=SCATTER GRAIN. A 1 to 9 visual rating
`ing (1-9 score) where a “1”is very susceptible and a “0”is
`indicating the amountof scatter grain (lack ofpollination or
`very resistant.
`kernel abortion) on the ear. The higher the score the less
`GLF SPT=Gray Leaf Spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis):
`scatter grain.
`Visual rating (1-9 score) where a “1” is very susceptible and
`SDG VGR=SEEDLING VIGOR.This is the visual rating
`a “9” is very resistant.
`(1 to 9) of the amount of vegetative growth after emergence
`STW WLT=Stewart’s Wilt (Erwinia stewartii): Visual
`at the seedling stage (approximately five leaves). A higher
`rating (1-9 score) where a “1” is very susceptible and a “9”
`score indicates better vigor.
`SEL IND=SELECTION INDEX. Theselection index
`is very resistant.
`HD SMT=Head Smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana): Percent-
`gives a single measure of the hybrid’s worth based on
`age of plants that did not have infection.
`information for up to five traits. A corn breeder may utilize
`his or her ownsetof traits for the selection index. Oneofthe
`EAR MLD=General Ear Mold: Visual rating (1-9 score)
`traits that is almost always included is yield. The selection
`where a “1” is very susceptible and a “9”is very resistant.
`index data presented in the tables represent the mean value
`This is based on overall rating for ear mold of mature ears
`averaged across testing stations.
`without determining specific mold organism, and may not be
`predictive for a specific ear mold.
`STA GRN=STAY GREEN. Stay green is the measure of
`plant health near the time of black layer formation (physi-
`ECB DPE=Dropped ears due to European Corn Borer
`ological maturity). A high score indicates better late-season
`(Ostrinia nubilalis): Percentage of plants that did not drop
`ears under second brood corn borer infestation.
`plant health.
`STK CNT=NUMBER OF PLANTS. This is the final
`stand or number of plants per plot.
`STK LDG=STALK LODGING.Thisis the percentage of
`plants that did not stalk lodge (stalk breakage) as measured
`by either natural lodging or pushing the stalks and deter-
`mining the percentage of plants that break below the ear.
`TAS BLS=TASSEL BLAST. A 1 to 9 visual rating was
`used to measure the degree of blasting (necrosis due to heat
`
`20
`
`30
`
`35
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`65
`
`

`

`5,569,822
`
`7
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIGS. 1 and 2 show data for the trait Bushels Per Acre.
`The results of FIGS. 1 and 2 compare PHTE4 to PHJ40 and
`PHBW8, respectively.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`INVENTION
`
`PHTE4 produces hybridsthat are high yielding and flower
`early. PHTE4 hybrids have above average seedling vigor,
`test weight and staygreen. PHTE4 hybrids also have above
`average resistanceto brittle stalks.
`Inbred corn line PHTE4 is a yellow, dent corn inbred that
`provides an acceptable male parental line in crosses for
`producing first generation Fl corm hybrids. PHTE4 also
`provides an acceptable female parental line in crosses for
`producing first generation Fl corm hybrids. PHTE4 is
`adapted to the North Central region of the United States.
`The inbred has shown uniformity and stability within the
`limits of environmental
`influence for all
`the traits as
`described in the Variety Description Information (Table 1)
`that follows. Most of the data in the Variety Description
`information wascollected at Johnston, Iowa. The inbred has
`been self-pollinated and ear-rowed a sufficient number of
`generations with careful attention paid to uniformity of plant
`type to ensure homozygosity and phenotypic stability. The
`line has been increased both by hand andin isolated fields
`with continued observation for uniformity. No varianttraits
`have been observed or are expected in PHTE4.
`Inbred corn line PHTE4,being substantially homozygous,
`can be reproducedby planting seeds of the line, growing the
`resulting corn plants underself-pollinating or sib-pollinating
`conditions with adequate isolation, and harvesting the result-
`ing seed, using techniques familiar to the agricultural arts.
`
`TABLE1
`
`VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
`INBRED = PHTE4
`
`
`>
`
`ow
`
`a
`
`o
`
`Region Best Adapted: North Central
`Type: Dent
`Maturity: Average across maturity zones.
`Heat Unit Shed: 1340
`Heat Unit Silk: 1330
`No. Reps: 35
`\-HEAT UNITS =
`
`[Max. Temp. (°=86° F.) + Min. Temp. (250° F.)]*
`7
`
`— 50\~
`
`Plant Characteristics:
`Plant height (to tassel tip): 207 cm
`Length of top car internode: 10 cm
`Numberof ears per stalk: Slight, two-ear tendency
`Ear height (to base of top ear): 66 cm
`Numberoftillers: None
`Cytoplasm type: Normal
`Leaf:
`Color: (B14) Dark Green
`Angle from Stalk: 30-60 degrees
`Marginal Waves: (WF9) Few
`Number of Leaves (mature plants): 19
`Sheath Pubescence: (W22) Light
`Longitudinal Creases: (PA11) Many
`Length (Ear node leaf): 64 cm
`Width (widest point, ear node leaf): 7 cm
`Tassel:
`Numberlateral branches: 3
`Branch Angle from central spike: >45 degrees
`Pollen Shed: Heavy based on Pollen Yield Test
`(108% of experiment means)
`Peduncle Length (top leaf to basal branches): 21 cm
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`65
`
`8
`
`TABLE 1-continued
`
`VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
`INBRED = PHTE4
`
`FEF.
`
`Anther Color: Purple
`Glume Color: Green
`E. Ear (Husked Ear Data Except When Stated Otherwise):
`Length: 14 cm
`:
`Weight: 127 gm’
`Mid-point Diameter: 42 mm
`Silk Color: Green
`Husk Extension (Harvest stage): Long (8-10 cm
`beyondear tip)
`Husk Leaf: short (<8 cm)
`Taper of Ear: Average
`Position of Shank (dry husks): Upright
`Kernel Rows: Straight, Distinct Number = 14
`Husk Color (fresh): Light Green
`Husk Color (dry): Buff
`Shank Length: 10 cm
`Shank (No. of internodes): 8
`Kermel (Dried):
`Size (from ear mid-point)
`Length: 11 mm
`Width: 8 mm
`Thick: 4 mm
`Shape Grade (% rounds): <20 (18% medium round based
`on Parent Test Data)
`Pericarp Color: Colorless
`Aleurone Color: Homozygous Yellow
`Endosperm Color: Yellow
`Endosperm Type: Norma! Starch
`Gm Wt/100 Seeds (unsized): 27 gm
`G. Cob:
`Diameter at mid-point: 22 mm
`Strength: Strong
`Color: Red
`H. Diseases:
`Com Lethal Necrosis (CMV = Maize Chlorotic Mottle
`Virus and MDMV = Maize Dwarf
`Mosaic Virus): Resistant
`Carbonum Leaf Blight (H. carbonum): Resistant
`N. Leaf Blight (2. turcicum): Intermediate
`Common Rust (P. sorghi): Resistant
`Gray Leaf Spot (C. zeae): Susceptible
`Stewart’s Wilt (E. stewartii): Resistant
`Goss’s Wilt (C. Nebraskense): Intermediate
`Common Smut (U. maydis): Highly Resistant
`Head Smut(S. reiliana) Highly Resistant
`Fusarium Ear Mold (F. moniliforme):
`Intermediate
`Gibberella Ear Rot (G. zeae):
`Intermediate
`Insects:
`European Corn Borer-1 Leaf Damage (Pre-flowering):
`Resistant
`European Corn Borer-2 (Post-flowering): Intermediate
`The above descriptions are based on a scale of 1-9, 1 being highly
`susceptible, 9 being highly resistant.
`S (Susceptible): Would generally represent a score of 1-3.
`J (Intermediate): Would generally represent a score of 4-5.
`R (Resistant): Would generally represent a score of 6-7.
`H (Highly Resistant): Would generally represent a score of 8-9.
`Highly resistant does not imply the inbred is immune.
`J.
`Variety Most Closely Resembling:
`Character
`Inbred
`Maturity
`PHBW8
`Usage
`PHBW8
`PHBW8(PVP Certificate No. 9200079) is a Pioneer Hi-Bred
`International, Inc. proprietary inbred.
`Data for Items B, C, D, E, F, and G is based primarily on a
`maximum of two reps from Johnston, lowa grown in 1992,plus
`description information from the maintaining station.
`
`I,
`
`*If maximum is greater than 86 degrees fahrenheit, then 86 is used and if
`minimum is less than 50, then 50 is used. Heat units accumulated daily and
`can notbe less than 0.
`
`

`

`5,569,822
`
`9
`ELECTROPHORESIS RESULTS
`
`Isozyme Genotypes for PHTE4
`
`Jsozyme data were generated for inbred corn line PHTE4
`according to the procedures described in Stuber, C. W.,
`Wendel, J. F, Goodman, M. M., and Smith, J. S. C,
`“Techniques and Scoring Procedures for Starch Gel Elec-
`trophoresis of Enzymes from Maize (Zea mays L.)”, Tech-
`nical Bulletin No. 286, North Carolina Agricultural
`Research Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh,
`N.C. (1988).
`The data in Table 2 compares PHTE4 with its parents,
`PHN15 and PHJ40.
`
`TABLE 2
`
`ELECTROPHORESIS RESULTS FOR PHTE4
`AND ITS PARENTS PHN15 AND PHI40
`
`PARENTS
`
`
`
`PHNI5SPHTE4 PHI40
`
`
`
`AHAARADRBOORA
`
`eet
`
`eee
`
`
`
`EXAMPLES
`
`INBRED AND HYBRID PERFORMANCE OF
`PHTE4
`
`In the examples that follow, the traits and characteristics
`of inbred corm line PHTE4are given asa line in comparison
`with other inbreds and in hybrid combination. The data
`collected on inbred corn line PHTE4is presented for the key
`characteristics andtraits.
`
`Table 3A compares PHTE4 to PHN15. PHTE4 has lower
`yield and grain harvest moisture but higher test weight
`compared to PHN15. PHTE4is a shorter inbred and flowers
`(GDU Shed and GDU Silk)earlier than PHN1S.
`The data in Table 3B shows PHTE4 has loweryield and
`higher grain harvest moisture than PHNV4. PHTE4 and
`PHNV4havesimilar plant height but PHTE4 has lower ear
`placement. PHTE4 is an earlier flowering (GDU Shed and
`GDUSilk) inbred compared to PHNV4.
`
`10
`Table 3C compares PHTE4 to PHJ40. PHTE4 has higher
`yield and grain harvest moisture but lower test weight
`compared to PHJ40. PHTE4 hasa larger ear and is taller
`with lower ear placement compared to PHJ40. PHTE4
`flowers (GDU Shed and GDU Silk) later than PHJ40.
`PHTE4 has greater polien weight than PHJ40. PHTE4 has
`fewer scattergrain, better staygreen and better resistance to
`ear mold and first brood European corn borer than PHJ40.
`The data in Table 3D shows PHTE4 hasa higher yield
`than PHT46. PHTE4hasa larger ear andis taller with higher
`ear placement compared to PHT46. PHTE4 flowers (GDU
`Shed and GDU Silk) later than PHT46. PHTE4 has a
`significantly greater pollen weight than PHT46. PHTE4 has
`better ear texture and staygreen with better resistance to first
`and second brood European corn borer compared to PHT46.
`Table 3E shows PHTE4 has lower yield and grain harvest
`moisture but higher test weight compared to PHBW8.
`PHTE4 and PHBW8havesimilar ear placement but PHTE4
`is a taller inbred. PHTE4 and PHBW8 shed (GDU Shed)
`pollen at approximately at the same time but PHTE4silks
`(GDU Silk) earlier than PHBW8. PHTE4 has better first
`brood European corn borer resistance than PHBW8.
`Table 4A compares PHTE4 to PHNV4 when both were
`crossed to the sameinbred testers. The PHTE4 hybrids have
`higher yield and grain harvest moisture compared to the
`PHNY4hybrids. The PHTE4 hybrids have better seedling
`vigor and higher early stand count than the PHNV4 hybrids.
`The PHTE4 hybrids are shorter with lower ear placement
`compared to the PHNV4 hybrids.
`Table 4B compares PHTE4 to PHRE1 when both were
`crossed to the same inbred testers. The hybrids yield simi-
`larly but the PHTE4 hybrids have higher grain harvest
`moisture than the PHRE1 hybrids. The PHTE4 hybrids have
`better seedling vigor than the PHREI hybrids.
`Table 4C compares PHTE4 to PHBW8 when both were
`crossed to the same inbred testers. The PHTE4 hybrids have
`lower yield and grain harvest moisture compared to the
`PHBWS8hybrids. The PHTE4 hybrids have better grain
`appearance and seedling vigor than the PHBW8hybrids.
`Table 5A compares PHTE4 to PHBW8 whenboth were
`crossed to the same inbred. The hybrids have similar yield
`and test weight but the PHTE4 hybrid has lower grain
`harvest moisture. The PHTE4 hybridis taller with higher ear
`placement compared to the PHBW8hybrid.
`Table 5B compares PHTE4 to PHRE! when both were
`crossed to the same inbred. The hybrids yield similarly but
`the PHTE4 hybrid has significantly higher grain harvest
`moisture than the PHRE1 hybrid. The PHTE4 hybrid has
`better test weight than the PHRE1 hybrid. The hybrids are
`similar in height but
`the PHTE4 hybrid has lower ear
`placement.
`FIG. 1 compares the yield of PHTE4 and PHJ40. PHTE4
`is higher yielding across all environments compared to
`PHI40. PHTE4 has above average yield in low yield envi-
`ronments but below average yield in high yield environ-
`ments whereas PHJ40 has below average yield over all
`environments.
`
`FIG. 2 compares the yield of PHTE4 and PHBWS8.
`PHTE4 is lower yielding than PHBW8butthe differential is
`less in low yield environments.
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`45
`
`50
`
`35
`
`

`

`5,569,822
`
`TABLE 3A
`
`PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA
`VARIETY #1 - PHTE4
`VARIETY #2 - PHNIS
`
`BU
`BU
`YLD
`EAR
`BAR
`PLT
`EAR
`SDG
`EST
`VAR
`ACR
`ACR
`sc
`MST
`SZ
`PLT
`HT
`Hr
`VGR
`CNT
`DEPT
`#
`ABS
`% MN
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`
`TOTAL SUM
`1
`91.0
`100
`3.0
`21.9
`4.0
`98.0
`81.3
`28.5
`7.2
`34.3
`2
`110.1
`122
`5.0
`23.9
`6.0
`99.5
`88.2
`28.5
`6.8
`55.2
`Locs
`3
`3
`1
`3
`1
`5
`3
`3
`5
`3
`REPS
`6
`6
`1
`6
`1
`8
`5
`5
`8
`6
`DIFF
`19.1
`21
`0.0
`2.0
`2.0
`15
`6.8
`0.0
`04
`0.8
`PROB
`005#
`013+
`026+
`241
`.059*
`OOOH
`405
`338
`
`TIL
`GDU
`GDU
`POL
`TAS
`TST
`SCT
`STA
`STK
`ECB
`VAR
`LER
`SHD
`SLK
`sc
`SZ
`WT
`GRN
`GRN-
`LDG
`ILF
`DEPT
`#
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`
`TOTAL SUM
`1
`13
`1280
`1295
`5.0
`4.0
`60.1
`7.0
`47
`90.5
`7.0
`2
`0.3
`1343
`1360
`5.0
`3.0
`57.3
`7.0
`5.7
`81.8
`6.0
`LOCS
`4
`3
`2
`i
`2
`3
`1
`3
`4
`1
`REPS
`7
`4
`2
`1
`2
`6
`1
`6
`7
`1
`DIFF
`1.0
`63
`65
`0.0
`1.0
`2.8
`0.0
`1.0
`8.7
`1.0
`PROB
`525
`019+
`144
`-500
`.O75*
`.074*
`408
`
`* = 10% SIG
`+= 5% SIG
`#=1% SIG
`
`TABLE 3B
`
`PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DATA
`VARIETY #1 - PHTE4
`VARIETY #2 - PHNV4
`
`BU
`BU
`YLD
`EAR
`BAR
`PLT
`EAR
`SDG
`EST
`TIL
`GDU
`VAR
`ACR
`ACR
`sc
`MST
`SZ
`PLT
`HT
`HT
`VGR
`CNT
`LER
`SHD
`DEPT
`#
`ABS
`%MN_
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`
`TOTAL SUM
`1
`76.7
`100
`6.0
`32.7
`5.0
`94.6
`78.3
`30.5
`59
`33.6
`4.3
`1203
`2
`97.5
`126
`6.0
`27.5
`5.0
`93.3
`80.3
`35.3
`70
`317
`14
`1224
`Locs
`1
`1
`2
`2
`1
`3
`6
`6
`7
`12
`6
`10
`REPS
`2
`2
`2
`4
`1
`3
`6
`6
`7
`14
`6
`10
`DIFF
`20.7
`27
`0.0
`52
`0.0
`13
`2.0
`4.8
`Ll
`19
`3.0
`2]
`PROB
`1.00
`169
`855
`710
`048+
`084*
`258
`566
`035+
`
`GDU
`POL
`TAS
`TAS
`TEX
`TST
`GRN
`scT
`STA
`EAR
`NLF
`ECB
`ECB
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`VAR MLD_BITSLK SC BLS SZ EAR WT APP GRN GRN 1LF 28C
`
`DEPT
`#
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`
`TO-
`1
`1198
`4S
`9.0
`45
`70
`52.7
`7.0
`9.0
`6.0
`9.0
`8.0
`7