US009084401B1
`
`a2) United States Patent
`US9,084,401 B1
`(10) Patent No.:
`Smalleyet al.
`Jul. 21, 2015
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`(34)
`
`(71)
`
`(72)
`
`(73)
`
`MAIZE VARIETY HYBRID X03A158
`
`Applicant: Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc.,
`Johnston, [A (US)
`
`Inventors: Matthew David Smalley, Noblesville,
`IN (US); ThomasCraig Kevern,
`Milton, WI (US)
`
`Assignee: PIONEER HI BRED
`INTERNATIONAL INC,Johnston, JA
`(US)
`
`(*)
`
`Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 216 days.
`
`(21)
`
`Appl. No.: 13/672,011
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Nov. 8, 2012
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(63)
`
`Continuation of application No. 12/786,631, filed on
`May25, 2010, now abandoned.
`
`Int. Cl.
`
`(1)
`
`AOILH 5/10
`CIQN 15/82
`US. Cl.
`
`(52)
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`CPC wees AOLH 5/10 (2013.01); CI2N 15/8241
`(2013.01); C12N15/8243 (2013.01); CLAN
`15/8245 (2013.01): C12N 15/8251 (2013.01);
`CIQN 15/8274 (2013.01); CI2N 15/8275
`(2013.01); C12N15/8279 (2013.01); CN
`15/8286 (2013.01); C12N 15/8289 (2013.01)
`Field of Classification Search
`None
`
`(58)
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`US. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5/2006 Carlone et al. ........... 800/320.1
`7,041,886 B2*
`10/2011 Smalley
`8,044,282 BL
`8/2012 Smalley
`8,247,667 Bl
`10/2012 Smalley
`8,278,503 BL
`11/2012 Barker
`8,304,635 BL
`11/2012 Smalley
`8,319,015 BL
`2/2013 Smalley
`8,367,911 Bl
`2/2013 Smalley
`8,383,908 Bl
`3/2013 Smalley
`8,389,825 Bl
`6/2013 Smalley
`8,466,351 Bl
`9/2013 Smalley
`8,536,426 Bl
`4/2014 Smalley
`8,710,312 Bl
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Plant Variety Protection Certificate No. 200900475 for Corn
`PH12K5, filed Sep. 17, 2009.
`Plant Variety Protection Certificate No. 201000366 for Corn
`PHIS8KJ,filed Jul. 9, 2010.
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Primary Examiner — David H Kruse
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Pioneer Hi-BredInt’] Inc.
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`A novel maizevariety designated X03A158 andseed,plants
`and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-
`Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties.
`Methodsfor producing a maizeplant that comprises crossing
`hybrid maize variety X03A158 with another maizeplant.
`Methodsfor producing a maizeplant containingin its genetic
`material one or more traits introgressed into X03A158
`through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to
`the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This
`invention relates to the maizevariety X03A158, the seed, the
`plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and
`minor modifications of maize variety X03A158. This inven-
`tion further relates to methodsfor producing maize varieties
`derived from maize variety X03A158.
`
`See applicationfile for complete search history.
`
`17 Claims, No Drawings
`
`Inari Exhibit 1098
`Inari Exhibit 1098
`Inari v. Pioneer
`Inari v. Pioneer
`
`

`

`US 9,084,401 Bl
`
`1
`MAIZE VARIETY HYBRID X03A158
`
`
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser.
`No. 12/786,631, filed May 25, 2010, which is hereby incor-
`porated by referencein its entirety.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention relates generally to the field ofmaize breed-
`ing, specifically relating to hybrid maize variety designated
`X03A158.
`
`
`
`BACKGROUNDOF THE INVENTION
`
`The goal of hybrid development is to combine, in a single
`hybrid, various desirable traits. For field crops, thesetraits
`mayincluderesistance to diseases and insects, resistance to
`heat and drought, reducing the time to crop maturity, greater
`yield, and better agronomic quality. With mechanical harvest-
`ing ofmanycrops, uniformity ofplant characteristics such as
`germination, stand establishment, growth rate, maturity, and
`plant and ear height is important. Traditionalplant breeding is
`an important tool in developing new and improved commer-
`cial crops.
`
`
`
`SUMMARYOF THE INVENTION
`
`According to the invention, there is provided a maizevari-
`ety, seed, plant, and its parts designated as X03A158, pro-
`duced by crossing two Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.
`proprietary maize inbred varieties. This inventionrelates to
`the hybrid maize variety X03A158, the seed, the plantandits
`parts produced from the seed, and variants, mutants and
`minor modifications of maize X03A158. This invention also
`relates to processes for making a maize plantcontaininginits
`genetic material one or more traits
`introgressed into
`X03A158 through locus conversion and/or transformation,
`and to the maize seed, plant andplantparts produced thereby.
`This invention furtherrelates to methods for producing maize
`varieties derived from hybrid maize variety X03A158.
`
`DEFINITIONS
`
`
`
`
`
`Certain definitions used in the specification are provided
`below. Also in the examplesthat follow, a number oftermsare
`sed herein.In order to provide a clear and consistent under-
`standing of the specification and claims, including the scope
`0 be given such terms, the followingdefinitionsare provided.
`NOTE: ABS is in absolute terms and % MN ispercentof the
`nean for the experiments in whichthe inbred or hybrid was
`grown. PCT designates that the trait is calculated as a per-
`centage. % NOT designates the percentageof plants that did
`ot exhibit a trait. For example, STKLDG % NOTis the
`percentage ofplants ina plot that were not stalk lodged. These
`designators will follow the descriptors to denote how the
`valuesare to be interpreted. Below are the descriptors used in
`he data tables includedherein.
`ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE: resistance to non-bio-
`
`logical sources ofstress conferred bytraits such as nitrogen
`tilization efficiency,
`altered mitrogen responsiveness,
`drought resistance, cold, and salt resistance
`ABTSTK=ARTIFICIAL BRITTLE STALK: A count of
`he numberof“snapped”plants per plot following machine
`snapping. A snapped planthasits stalk completely snappedat
`
`2
`a node between the base of the plant and the node above the
`ear. Expressed as percentofplants that did not snap.
`ALLELE: Any of one or more alternative forms of a
`genetic sequence.Ina diploid cell or organism,the twoalleles
`of a given sequencetypically occupy corresponding loci on a
`pair of homologous chromosomes.
`ALTER: The utilization of up-regulation, down-regula-
`tion, or genesilencing.
`ANTHESIS: Thetimeof a flower’s opening.
`ANTIOXIDANT:A chemical compoundor substancethat
`inhibits oxidation, including but notlimited to tocopherol or
`tocotrienols.
`
`
`ANT ROT=ANTHRACNOSESTALK ROT (Colletotri-
`chum graminicola): A 1
`to 9 visual rating indicating the
`resistance to Anthracnose Stalk Rot. A higher score indicates
`a higher resistance. Data are collected only whensufficient
`selection pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`BACKCROSSING:Process in which a breedercrosses a
`hybrid progenyvariety back to one ofthe parental genotypes
`one or moretimes.
`BACKCROSS PROGENY: Progeny plants produced by
`crossing PHXXX withplants of another maize line that com-
`prise a desiredtrait or locus, selecting F1 progeny plants that
`comprise the desired trait or locus, and crossing the selected
`F1 progeny plants with the PHXXXplants 1 or moretimesto
`produce backcross progenyplants that comprisesaidtrait or
`locus.
`BARPLT=BARREN PLANTS: Thepercen:
`plot that were not barren(lackears).
`BLUPindicates BEST LINEAR UNBIASED PREDIC-
`TION. The BLUPvaluesare determined from a mixed model
`
`ofplants per
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`analysis of hybrid performance observationsat various loca-
`tions and replications. BLUP valuesfor inbred maize plants,
`breeding values, are estimated from the same analysis using
`pedigree information.
`BORBMN=ARTIFICIAL BRITTLE STALK MEAN:The
`
`mean percent of plants not “snapped” in a plot following
`artificial selection pressure. A snapped plant hasits stalk
`completely snapped at a node between the base ofthe plant
`
`and the node above the ear. Expressed as percentofplants that
`did not snap. A high number is good and indicates tolerance to
`brittle snapping.
`BRENGMN=BRITTLE STALK ENERGY MEAN:The
`
`
`
`mean amount of energy per unit area needed to artificially
`brittle snap a corn stalk. A high numberis goodandindicates
`tolerance to brittle snapping.
`BREEDING: The genetic manipulation of living organ-
`isms.
`
`BREEDING CROSS: A cross to introduce new genetic
`material into a plant for the developmentof a new variety. For
`example, one could cross plant A with plant B, wherein plant
`B would be genetically different from plant A. After the
`breedingcross, the resulting F1 plants could then be selfed or
`sibbed for one, two,three or more times (F1, F2, F3, etc.) until
`a new inbredvariety is developed.
`BRLPNE=ARTIFICIAL ROOT LODGING EARLY
`
`
`
`SEASON: The percent of plants not root lodged in a plot
`followingartificial selection pressure applied prior to flow-
`ering. A plant is considered root lodged if it leans from the
`vertical axis at an approximately 30 degree angleorgreater.
`Expressed as percentof plants that did not root lodge. A high
`numberis good and indicates tolerance to root lodging.
`BRLPNL=ARTIFICIAL ROOT LODGING LATE SEA-
`
`SON:Thepercent ofplants not root lodgedin a plot following
`artificial selection pressure during grain fill. A plant is con-
`sidered root lodged if it leans from the vertical axis at an
`approximately 30 degree angle or greater. Expressed as per-
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`

`

`US 9,084,401 Bl
`
`
`
`
`
`
`3
`cent ofplants that did not root lodge. A high numberis good
`and indicates tolerance to root lodging.
`BRTSTK=BRITTLE STALKS: This is a measure ofthe
`
`stalk breakage nearthe time ofpollination,andis an indica-
`ion of whether a hybrid or inbred would snap or break near
`he timeof flowering under severe winds. Data are presented
`as percentage of plants that did not snap. Data are collected
`only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experi-
`nent measured.
`BRTPCN=BRITTLE STALKS: This is an estimate of the
`
`stalk breakage nearthe time ofpollination, andis an indica-
`ion of whether a hybrid or inbred would snap or break near
`he timeof flowering under severe winds. Data are presented
`as percentage of plants that did not snap. Data are collected
`only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experi-
`nent measured.
`
`CARBOHYDRATE:Organic compounds comprising car-
`bon, oxygen and hydrogen, including sugars, starches and
`cellulose.
`
`CELL: Cell as used herein includes a plant cell, whether
`isolated, in tissue culture or incorporated in a plant or plant
`part.
`
`CLDTST=COLDTEST:Thepercentof plants that germi-
`ate undercold test conditions.
`
`CLN=CORN LETHAL NECROSIS: Synergistic interac-
`1on of maizechlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) in combination
`with either maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV-A or MDMV-
`B) or wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). A 1 to 9 visual
`rating indicating the resistance to Corn Lethal Necrosis. A
`igher score indicates a higherresistance. Data are collected
`only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experi-
`nent measured.
`CMSMT=COMMON SMUT: Thisis the percentage of
`plants not infected with Common Smut. Data are collected
`only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experi-
`nent measured.
`
`COMRST=COMMONRUST(Puccinia sorghi): A 1 to 9
`visual rating indicating the resistance to Common Rust. A
`igher score indicates a higherresistance. Data are collected
`only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experi-
`nent measured.
`CROSS POLLINATION:Fertilization bythe union of two
`gametes from different plants.
`CROSSING:The combination of genetic material bytra-
`ditional methods such as a breeding cross or backcross, but
`also including protoplast fusion and other molecular biology
`methods of combining genetic material from two sources.
`D/D=DRYDOWN:This represents the relative rate at
`which a hybrid will reach acceptable harvest moisture com-
`paredto other hybrids on a 1 to 9 rating scale. A high score
`indicates a hybridthat dries relatively fast while a low score
`indicates a hybrid that dries slowly.
`
`
`DIGENG=DIGESTABLE ENERGY:Near-infrared trans-
`mission spectroscopy, NIT,prediction of digestible energy.
`DIPERS=DIPLODI4 EAR MOLD SCORES (Diplodia
`maydis and Diplodia macrospora). A 1 to 9 visual rating
`indicating the resistance to Diplodia Ear Mold. A higher score
`indicates a higher resistance. Data are collected only when
`sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment mea-
`sured.
`DIPLOID PLANTPART:Refersto a plant part or cell that
`has the samediploid genotype as PHXXX.
`DIPROT=DIPLODIA STALK ROT SCORE: Score of
`
`
`
`stalk rot severity due to Diplodia (Diplodia maydis).
`Expressed as a 1 to 9 score with 9 being highly resistant. Data
`are collected only when sufficient selection pressureexists in
`the experiment measured.
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`4
`DRPEAR=DROPPED EARS: A measure ofthe numberof
`dropped earsperplot and representsthe percentageofplants
`that did not drop earsprior to harvest. Data are collected only
`when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment
`measured.
`
`
`D/T=DROUGHT TOLERANCE: This represents a 1 to 9
`rating for droughttolerance, and is based on data obtained
`understress conditions. A high score indicates good drought
`tolerance and a low score indicates poor drought tolerance.
`Data are collected only whensufficient selection pressure
`
`exists in the experiment measured.
`EARHT=EAR HEIGHT:Theearheight is a measure from
`the groundto the highest placed developed ear node attach-
`ment and is measured in inches.
`
`
`
`EARMLD=GENERAL EAR MOLD:Visualrating (1 to 9
`score) where a | is very susceptible and a 9 is veryresistant.
`This is based on overall rating for ear mold of mature ears
`without determining the specific mold organism, and maynot
`be predictive for a specific ear mold. Data are collected only
`when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment
`measured.
`
`
`EARSZ=EARSIZE: A 1 to 9 visual rating of ear size. The
`higherthe rating the larger the earsize.
`EBTSTK=EARLY BRITTLE STALK: A count of the
`
`numberof “snapped”plantsperplot following severe winds
`when the corn plant is experiencing very rapid vegetative
`
`growth in the V5-V8stage. Expressedas percentofplants that
`did not snap. Data are collected only whensufficient selection
`pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`ECBILF=EUROPEAN CORN BORER FIRST GEN-
`
`
`
`
`ERATION LEAF FEEDING (Osirinia nubilalis): A 1 to 9
`visual rating indicating the resistance to preflowering leaf
`feeding by first generation European Corn Borer. A higher
`score indicates a higher resistance. Data are collected only
`when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment
`measured.
`
`
`
`ERATION INCHES OF TUNNELING(Ostrinia nubilalis):
`Average inches of
`tunnelingper plant in the stalk. Data are
`collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`
`ECB2SC=EUROPEAN CORN BORER SECOND GEN-
`
`ECB2IT=EUROPEAN CORN BORER SECOND GEN-
`
`
`
`ERATION(Ostrinia nubilalis): A 1 to 9 visual rating indicat-
`ing post flowering degree of stalk breakage and other evi-
`dence of feeding by second generation European Corn Borer.
`A higher score indicates a higher resistance. Data are col-
`lected only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`
`ECBDPE=EUROPEAN CORN BORER DROPPED
`
`
`EARS(Ostrinia nubilalis): Dropped ears due to European
`Corn Borer. Percentage of plants that did not drop ears under
`second generation European Corn Borerinfestation. Data are
`collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`ECBLSIFEUROPEAN CORN BORER LATE SEASON
`
`
`
`INTACT(Ostrinia nubilalis): A 1 to 9 visualrating indicating
`late season intactness of the corn plant given damage(stalk
`breakage above and below the top ear) caused primarily by
`2” and/or 3% generation ECB larval feeding before harvest.
`A higherscoreis good andindicates more intact plants. Data
`are collected only when sufficient selection pressure exists in
`
`the experiment measured.
`
`
`
`EGRWTH=EARLY GROWTH: This is a measure of the
`
`relative height andsize of a corn seedling at the 2-4 leaf stage
`of growth. This is a visual rating (1 to 9), with 1 being weak
`or slow growth, 5 being average growth and 9 being strong
`growth. Taller plants, wider leaves, more green mass and
`
`
`
`
`

`

`US 9,084,401 Bl
`
`5
`darker color constitute higher score. Data are collected only
`when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment
`measured.
`
`ERTLDG=EARLY ROOT LODGING:Thepercentage of
`plants that do not root lodgepriorto or around anthesis; plants
`that lean fromthe vertical axis at an approximately 30 degree
`angle or greater would be counted as root lodged. Data are
`collected only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`ERTLPN=EARLY ROOT LODGING:An estimate ofthe
`
`= 6
`
`
`
`6
`degrees F. For each inbred or hybridit takes a certain number
`of GDUsto reach variousstages of plant development.
`GDUSLK=GDU TO SILK: The number of growing
`degree units required for an inbred variety or hybrid to have
`approximately 50 percent of the plants with silk emergence
`from time ofplanting. Growing degree units are calculated by
`the Barger Method as given in GDU SHDdefinition and then
`divided by 10.
`
`GENE SILENCING:Theinterruption or suppression of
`the expressionof a geneat the level of transcription ortrans-
`lation.
`GENOTYPE:Refersto the genetic constitution ofa cell or
`organism.
`
`GIBERS=GIBBERELLA EAR ROT (PINK MOLD)(Gib-
`berella zeae): A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance
`to Gibberella Ear Rot. A higher score indicates a higher
`resistance. Data are collected only when sufficient selection
`pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`GIBROT=GIBBERELLA STALK ROT SCORE: Score of
`
`25
`
`40
`
`
`
`
`
`stalk rot severity due to Gibberella (Gibberella zeae).
`Expressed as a 1 to 9 score with 9 being highly resistant. Data
`are collected only when sufficient selection pressure exists in
`the experiment measured.
`GLFSPT=GRAYLEAFSPOT(Cercospora zeae-maydis):
`A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Gray Leaf
`Spot. A higher score indicates a higherresistance. Data are
`collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`(Corynebacterium
`WILT
`GOSWLT=GOSS’
`nebraskense): A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance
`to Goss’ Wilt. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.
`Data are collected only whensufficient selection pressure
`exists in the experiment measured.
`GRNAPP=GRAIN APPEARANCE: Thisis a 1 to 9 rating
`for the general appearance of the shelled grain asit is har-
`vested based on such factors as the color of harvested grain,
`any mold on the grain, and any cracked grain. High scores
`indicate good grain visual quality.
`HAPLOID PLANTPART:Refersto a plant part or cell that
`has the same haploid genotype as PHXXX.
`HCBLI=HELMINTHOSPORIUM CARBONUM LEAF
`
`percentageofplants that do not root lodgeprior to or around
`anthesis; plants that lean from thevertical axis at an approxi-
`mately 30 degreeangle or greater would be considered as root
`lodged. Data are collected only when sufficient selection
`pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`ERTLSC=EARLY ROOT LODGING SCORE: Score for
`severity ofplants that lean from a vertical axis at an approxi-
`mate 30 degree angle or greater which typically results from
`strong windsprior to or around flowering recorded within 2
`weeks of a wind event. Expressed as a 1 to 9 score with 9
`being no lodging. Data are collected only when sufficient
`selection pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS: Aminoacids that cannotbe
`synthesized de novo by an organism and therefore must be
`supplied in the diet.
`ESTCNT=EARLY STAND COUNT:Thisis a measure of
`the stand establishmentin the spring andrepresents the num-
`ber of plants that emerge on perplot basis for the inbred or
`hybrid.
`
`EXPRESSING: Having the genetic potential such that
`underthe right conditions, the phenotypic trait is present.
`EXTSTR=EXTRACTABLE STARCH: Near-infrared
`transmission spectroscopy, NIT, prediction of extractable
`
`starch.
`
`EYESPT=EYE SPOT (Kabatiella zeae or Aureobasidium
`zeae): A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Eye
`Spot. A higher score indicates a higherresistance. Data are
`collected only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`FATTY ACID:A carboxylic acid (or organic acid), often
`with a long aliphatic tail (ong chains), either saturated or
`unsaturated.
`
`F1 PROGENY:A progeny plant produced
`to 9 visual
`BLIGHT (Helminthosporium carbonum): A 1
`plant with a plant of another maize line.
`rating indicating the resistance to Helminthosporium infec-
`
`FUSERS=FUSARIUM EAR ROT SCORE (Fusarium
`tion. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. Data are
`moniliformeor Fusariumsubglutinans): A1to 9 visualrating
`collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in the
`indicating the resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot. A higher score
`experiment measured.
`indicates a higher resistance. Data are collected only when
`HD SMT=HEAD SMUT(Sphacelotheca reiliana): This
`sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment mea-
`
`sured.
`indicates the percentage ofplants notinfected. Data are col-
`
`
`GDU=GROWING DEGRE
` E UNITS: Using the Barger
`lected only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`Heat Unit Theory, which assumes that maize growth occursin 5
`HSKCVR=HUSK COVER:A 1 to 9 score based onper-
`the temperature range 50 degrees F.-86 degrees F. and that
`formancerelative to key checks, with a score of 1 indicating
`temperatures outside this range slow down growth; the maxi-
`very short husks, tip of ear and kernels showing; 5 is inter-
`mum daily heat unit accumulation is 36 and the mmimum
`daily heat unit accumulation is 0. The seasonal accumulation
`mediate coverage of the ear under most conditions, some-
`of GDUis a major factor in determining maturity zones.
`times with thin husk; and a 9 has husks extending and closed
`GDUSHD=GDU TO SHED: The number of growing
`beyond the tip of the ear. Scoring can best be done near
`degree units (GDUs) or heat units required for an inbred
`physiological maturity stage or any time during dry down
`until harvested.
`variety or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the
`plants shedding pollen and is measured from the time of
`HTFRM=Near-infrared transmission spectroscopy, NIT,
`planting. Growing degree units are calculated by the Barger
`prediction of fermentables.
`Method, where the heat units for a 24-hour periodare:
`HYBRID VARIETY:A substantially heterozygous hybrid
`line and minor genetic modifications thereof that retain the
`overall genetics ofthe hybrid line includingbut notlimited to
`a locus conversion, a mutation, or a somoclonalvariant.
`
`INBRED: A variety developed through inbreeding or
`doubled haploidy that preferably comprises homozygous
`alleles at about 95% or moreofits loci.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`by crossing a
`
`
`
`GDU =
`
`(Max.
`
`temp. + Min.
`2
`
`temp.)
`
`50
`
`The units determined by the Barger Method are then
`divided by 10. The highest maximumtemperature used is 86
`degrees F. and the lowest minimum temperature used is 50
`
`

`

`US 9,084,401 Bl
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`INC D/A=GROSS INCOME (DOLLARS PER ACRE):
`Relative incomeperacre assuming drying costs of two cents
`per point above 15.5 percent harvest moisture and current
`market price per bushel.
`INCOME/ACRE:Incomeadvantage of hybrid
`ented over other hybrid on peracre basis.
`INC ADV=GROSS INCOME ADVANTAGE:
`
`
`
`0 be pat-
`
`Gross
`
`8
`Data are collected only whensufficient selection pressure
`exists in the experiment measured.
`MALE STERILITY: A male sterile plant is one which
`producesnoviable pollen no (pollenthat is ableto fertilize the
`egg to produce a viable seed). Malesterility prevents self
`pollination. These malesterile plants are therefore useful in
`hybrid plant production.
`MDMCPX=MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC COMPLEX
`
`(MDMV=Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus and MCDV=Maize
`Chlorotic Dwarf Virus). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the
`resistance to Maize Dwarf Mosaic Complex. A higher score
`indicates a higher resistance. Data are collected only when
`sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment mea-
`sured.
`
`MILKLN=percent milk in maturegrain.
`MST=HARVEST MOISTURE:The moistureis the actual
`
`
`
`percentage moisture of the grain at harvest.
`MSTADV=MOISTURE ADVANTAGE: The moisture
`
`20
`
`30
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`income advantage ofvariety #1 overvariety #2.
`
`INTROGRESSION:The process of transferring genetic
`material from one genotypeto another.
`KERUNT=KERNELSPER UNIT AREA(Acresor Hect-
`ares).
`
`KERPOP=KERNEL POP SCORE: Thevisual 1-9 rating
`of the amount of rupturing of the kernelpericarp at an early
`stage in grain fill. A higher score is good and indicates no
`popped (ruptured) kernels.
`
`
`KER_WT=KERNEL NUMBER PER UNIT WEIGHT
`(Pounds or Kilograms): The numberofkernels in a specific
`advantage of variety #1 over variety #2 as calculated by:
`measured weight; determined after removal of extremely
`MOISTURE of variety #2—MOISTURE of variety
`smallandlarge kernels.
`
`#1=MOISTURE ADVANTAGEofvariety#1.
`KSZDCD=KERNELSIZE DISCARD:Thepercentofdis-
`NEI DISTANCE: A quantitative measure of percent simi-
`card seed; calculated as the sum of discardedtip kernels and
`larity between twovarieties. Nei’s distance between varieties
`extra large kernels.
`25
`LINKAGE: Refers to a phenomenon whereinalleles onthe AandBcan be defined as 1-(2*numberalleles in common/
`
`same chromosometend to segregate together moreoften than
`(number alleles in A+numberalleles in B). For example, if
`varieties A and B are the samefor 95 out of 100 alleles, the Nei
`expected by chanceif their transmission was independent.
`distance would be 0.05. If varieties A and B are the samefor
`LINKAGEDISEQUILIBRIUM:Refersto a phenomenon
`98 out of 100 alleles, the Nei distance would be 0.02. Free
`wherein alleles tend to remain together in linkage groups
`when segregating from parents to offspring, with a greater
`softwarefor calculating Nei distance 1s available ontheinter-
`frequency than expected from their individual frequencies.
`net at multiple locations such as, for example, at: evolution-
`LOCUS: A specific location on a chromosome.
`.genetics.washington.edu/phylip.html. See Nei, Proc Natl
`LOCUS CONVERSION:(Also called TRAIT CONVER-
`Acad Sci, 76:5269-5273 (1979) which is incorporated by
`
`SION)Alocus conversion refersto plants within a variety that reference for this purpose.
`35
`ave been modified in a mannerthat retains the overall genet-
`NLFBLT=NORTHERN LEAF BLIGHT (Helminthospo-
`ics of the variety and further comprises one or more loci with
`rium turcicum or Exserohilum turcicum): A 1 to 9 visual
`a specific desiredtrait, such as malesterility, insect, disease or
`rating indicating the resistance to Northern Leaf Blight. A
`erbicide resistance. Examples of single locus conversions
`higher score indicates a higherresistance. Data are collected
`include mutant genes,
`transgenes and native traits finely
`only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experi-
`ment measured.
`napped to a single locus. One or more locus conversiontraits
`NUCLEIC ACID:An acidic, chainlike biological macro-
`naybe introduced into a single corn variety.
`molecule consisting of multiple repeat units of phosphoric
`L/POP=YIELD AT LOW DENSITY:Yield abilityat rela-
`acid, sugar and purine and pyrimidine bases.
`ively low plant densities on a 1 to 9 relative system with a
`OILT=GRAINOIL: Absolute value of oil content of the
`igher numberindicating the hybrid responds well to low
`kernel as predicted by Near-Infrared Transmittance and
`plant densities for yield relative to other hybrids. A 1, 5, and
`expressed as a percent of dry matter.
`9 would represent very poor, average, and very good yield
`rw?
`ERCENT IDENTITY: Percent identity as used herein
`response, respectively, to low plant density.
`refers to the comparison ofthealleles presentin two varieties.
`LRTLDG=LATE ROOT LODGING:The percentage of
`For example, when comparing two inbred plants to each
`plants that do not root lodge after anthesis through harvest;
`other, each inbred plant will have the sameallele (and there-
`plants that lean from the vertical axis at an approximately 30
`fore be homozygous) at almostall of their loci. Percent iden-
`degree angle or greater would be counted asroot lodged. Data
`
`are collected only when sufficient selection pressureexists in tity is determined by comparingastatistically significant
`he experiment measured.
`number of the homozygous alleles of two varieties. For
`LRTLPN=LATE ROOT LODGING:An estimate of the
`example, a percent identity of 90% between X03A158 and
`other variety means that the two varieties have the same
`homozygousalleles at 90% of their loci.
`PLANT:Asused herein, the term “plant” includesrefer-
`ence to an immature or mature whole plant, including a plant
`that has been detasseled or from which seed or grain has been
`removed. Seed or embryo that will producethe plantis also
`considered to be theplant.
`the term “plant part”
`PLANT PART: As used herein,
`includes leaves, stems, roots, seed, grain, embryo, pollen,
`ovules, flowers, ears, cobs, husks, stalks, root tips, anthers,
`pericarp, silk, tissue, cells and thelike.
`PLATFORMindicates the variety with the base genetics
`and the variety with the base genetics comprising locus con-
`
`percentage of plants that do not root lodge after anthesis
`hroughharvest; plants that lean from the vertical axis at an
`approximately 30 degree angle or greater would be consid-
`ered as root lodged. Data are collected only when sufficient
`selection pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`LRTLSC=LATE ROOT LODGING SCORE: Score for
`severity ofplants that lean from a vertical axis at an approxi-
`mate 30 degreeangle or greater which typically results from
`strong windsafter flowering. Recorded prior to harvest when
`a root-lodging event has occurred. This lodging results in
`plants that are leanedor “lodged”overat the base ofthe plant
`and do not straighten or “goose-neck” back to a vertical
`position. Expressed as a 1 to 9 score with 9 being no lodging.
`
`

`

`US 9,084,401 Bl
`
`9
`version(s). There can be a platform for the inbred maize
`variety and the hybrid maizevariety.
`
`PLTHT=PLANT HEIGHT:This is a measure ofthe height of
`the plant from the groundto the tip of the tassel in inches.
`POLPRD=POLLEN PRODUCTION SCORE: Theesti-
`
`
`
`
`mated total amountofpollen produced bytassels based onthe
`numberoftassel branches and the densityof the spikelets.
`POLSC=POLLEN SCORE: A 1 to 9 visual rating indicat-
`ing the amountof pollen shed. The higherthe score the more
`pollen shed.
`
`POLWT=POLLEN WEIGHT: This is calculated by dry
`weightoftassels collected as shedding commences minus dry
`weight fromsimilar tassels harvested after shedding is com-
`plete.
`POP K/A=PLANT POPULATIONS: Measuredas 1000’s
`peracre.
`POP ADV=PLANT POPULATION ADVANTAGE: The
`
`plant population advantage of variety #1 over variety #2 as
`calculated
`by
`PLANT
`POPULATION of
`variety
`#2—PLANT POPULATIONofvariety #1=PLANT POPU-
`LATION ADVANTAGEofvariety #1.
`PRM=PREDICTED RELATIVE MATURITY:Thistrait,
`predicted relative maturity, is based on the harvest moisture of
`the grain. Therelative maturity rating is based on a known set
`ofchecks and utilizes standard linear regression analyses and
`is also referred to as the Comparative Relative Maturity Rat-
`ing System that is similar to the Minnesota Relative Maturity
`Rating System.
`PRMSHD: A relative measure ofthe growing degree units
`(GDU)required to reach 50% pollen shed. Relative valuesare
`predicted values from the linear regression of observed
`GDU’s on relative maturity of commercial checks.
`
`PROT=GRAIN PROTEIN:Absolute value ofprotein con-
`tent ofthe kernel as predicted by Near-Infrared Transmittance
`and expressed as a percentof dry matter.
`RESISTANCE:Synonymouswith tolerance. The ability of
`a plant to withstand exposure to an insect, disease, herbicide
`or other condition.A resistant plant variety will havea level of
`resistance higher than a comparable wild-type variety.
`RTLDG=ROOT LODGING:Rootlodging is the percent-
`age of plants that do not root lodge;plants that lean from the
`vertical axis at an approximately 30 degree angle or greater
`would be counted as root lodged. Data are collected only
`when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment
`measured.
`RTLADV=ROOT LODGING ADVANTAGE:The root
`
`10
`
`40
`
`lodging advantage of variety #1 over variety #2. Data are
`collected only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`SCTGRN=SCATTER GRAIN:A 1 to 9 visual rating indi-
`cating the amount of scatter grain (lack of pollination or
`kernel abortion) on the ear. The higher the score the less
`
`scatter grain.
`
`
`SDGVGR=SE
`EDLING VIGOR:Thisis the visual rating 5
`(1 to 9) ofthe amountofvegetative growthafter emergenceat
`the seedling stage (approximately five leaves). A higher score
`indicates better vigor.
`SEED: Fertilized andripened ovule, consisting ofthe plant
`embryo, varying amounts of stored food material, and a pro-
`tective outer