`
`USPlant Variety Protection Certificate No. 201300302 for Maize
`Variety PHIVST; issued Sep. 11, 2014.
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`14/623,994,
`filed Feb. 17, 2015.
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`filed Feb. 17, 2015.
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`filed Jan. 9, 2014.
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`filed Jan. 9, 2014.
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`
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`
`
`a2) United States Patent
`US 9,504,221 B1
`(10) Patent No.:
`
`Carlone, Jr. et al. Nov, 29, 2016 (45) Date of Patent:
`
`
`US009504221B1
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`12/2014 Verde Chifilet
`8,907,160 Bl
`7/2015 Cooper etal.
`9,084,408 Bl
`9,179,621 BI* 11/2015 Benson ou. AO1H 5/10
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`(34)
`
`(71)
`
`(72)
`
`MAIZE HYBRID X08F120
`
`Applicant: PIONEER HI-BRED
`INTERNATIONALINC, Johnston, IA
`(US)
`
`Inventors: Mario Rosario Carlone, Jr.. Princeton,
`IL (US); Mark David Hoffbeck,
`Macomb,IL (US); Robert Lee
`Segebart, Champaign, IL (US); Luis A
`Verde Chifflet, Johnston, IA (US)
`
`(73)
`
`Assignee: PIONEER HI-BRED
`INTERNATIONAL,INC., Johnston,
`IA (US)
`
`Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21)
`
`Appl. No.: 14/623,950
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Feb. 17, 2015
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`(60)
`
`Provisional application No. 61/945,247,filed on Feb.
`27, 2014.
`
`Primary Examiner — Medina A Ibrahim
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Pioneer Hi-Bred Int'l,
`Inc.
`
`Int. Cl.
`
`(1)
`
`AOIH 5/10
`AOIH 1/02
`AOIH 1/08
`CI2N 15/82
`US. Cl.
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`CPC AOIH 5/10 (2013.01); AOIH 1/02 (2013.01);
`AOLH 1/08 (2013.01); CI2N 15/8243
`(2013.01); C12N 15/8245 (2013.01); CLAN
`15/8247 (2013.01), CI2N 15/8251 (2013.01);
`CI2N15/8271 (2013.01); CI2N 15/8274
`(2013.01); C12N 15/8279 (2013.01); CLAN
`15/8286 (2013.01); C12N15/8289 (2013.01)
`Field of Classification Search
`None
`
`(52)
`
`(58)
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`Anovel maize variety designated X08F120 and seed,plants
`and plant parts thereof are produced by crossing inbred
`maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant by
`crossing hybrid maize variety XO8F120 with another maize
`plant are disclosed. Methods for producing a maize plant
`containing in its genetic material one or moretraits intro-
`gressed into XO8F120 through backcross conversion and/or
`transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part
`produced thereby. This inventionrelates to the maize variety
`X08F120, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and
`variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety
`XO8F120. This invention further relates to methods for
`producing maize varieties derived from maize variety
`XO08F 120.
`
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`20 Claims, No Drawings
`
`Inari Exhibit 1107
`Inari Exhibit 1107
`Inari v. Pioneer
`Inari v. Pioneer
`
`

`

`US 9,504,221 B1
`
`1
`MAIZE HYBRID X08F120
`
`
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This application claimspriority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to
`provisional application Ser. No. 61/945,247 filed Feb. 27,
`2014, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention relates generally to the field of maize, Zea
`mays L., breeding, specifically relating to hybrid maize
`variety designated XO8F120.
`
`BACKGROUNDOF THE INVENTION
`
`The goal of hybrid developmentis to combine, in a single
`hybrid, various desirable traits. For field crops, these traits
`mayincluderesistance to diseases and insects, resistance to
`heat and drought, reducing the time to crop maturity, greater
`yield, and better agronomic quality. With mechanical har-
`vesting of many crops, uniformity of plant characteristics
`such as germination,stand establishment, growth rate, matu-
`rity, and plant andear height is important. Traditional plant
`breeding is an important
`tool
`in developing new and
`improved commercial crops.
`
`SUMMARYOF THE INVENTION
`
`According to the invention, there is provided a novel
`maize, Zea mays L., variety, seed, plant, and its parts
`designated as XO8F120, produced by crossing two Pioneer
`Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary maize inbred variet-
`ies. This invention relates to the hybrid maize variety
`XO8F120 the seed, the plant andits parts produced from the
`seed, and variants, mutants and minor modifications of
`maize X08F120. This invention also relates to processes for
`making a maize plant containing in its genetic material one
`or more traits introgressed into XO8F120 through locus
`conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed,
`plant and plant parts produced thereby. This invention
`further relates to methods for producing maize varieties
`derived from hybrid maize variety XO8F120.
`
`DEFINITIONS
`
`
`
`Certain definitions used in the specification are provided
`below. Also in the examples that follow, a numberof terms
`are used herein. In order to provide a clear and consistent
`understanding of the specification and claims, including the
`scope to be given such terms, the following definitions are
`provided. NOTE: ABSis in absolute terms and % MN is
`percent ofthe mean for the experiments in which the inbred
`or hybrid was grown. PCT designates that
`the trait
`is
`calculated as a percentage. % NOT designates the percent-
`age of plants that did not exhibit a trait. For example,
`STKLDG % NOTis the percentage of plants in a plot that
`were not stalk lodged. These designators will follow the
`descriptors to denote how the valuesare to be interpreted.
`Beloware the descriptors used in the data tables included
`herein.
`
`
`ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE: resistance to non-
`
`biological sources of stress conferred bytraits such as
`nitrogen utilization efficiency, altered nitrogen responsive-
`ness, drought resistance, cold, and salt resistance
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`2
`
`ABTSTK=ARTIFICIAL BRITTLE STALK: A count of
`the numberof “snapped”plants per plot following machine
`snapping. A snapped planthasits stalk completely snapped
`at a node between the base ofthe plant and the node above
`the ear. Expressed as percent of plants that did not snap.
`ALLELE: Any of one or more alternative forms of a
`genetic sequence. In a diploid cell or organism, the two
`alleles of a given sequence typically occupy corresponding
`loci on a pair of homologous chromosomes.
`ALTER:The utilization of up-regulation, down-regula-
`tion, or gene silencing.
`ANTHESIS: The time of a flower’s opening.
`ANTIOXIDANT: A chemical compound or substance
`that inhibits oxidation, including but not limited to tocoph-
`erol or tocotrienols.
`ANT ROT=ANTHRACNOSESTALK ROT (Colletotri-
`chum graminicola): A 1
`to 9 visual rating indicating the
`resistance to Anthracnose Stalk Rot. A higher score indicates
`a higher resistance. Data are collected only when sufficient
`selection pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`BACKCROSSING:Process in which a breeder crosses a
`
`hybrid progenyvariety back to oneof the parental genotypes
`one or more times.
`
`
`BACKCROSS PROGENY:Progeny plants produced by
`crossing one maize line (recurrent parent) with plants of
`another maize line (donor) that comprise a desired trait or
`locus, selecting progeny plants that comprise the desired
`trait or locus, and crossing them with the recurrent parent 1
`or more times to produce backcross progeny plants that
`comprise said trait or locus.
`BARPLT=BARREN PLANTS: Thepercent ofplants per
`plot that were not barren (lack ears).
`
`BLUP=BEST LINEAR UNBIASED PREDICTION. The
`
`BLUP values are determined from a mixed model analysis
`of hybrid performanceobservationsat various locations and
`replications. BLUP values for inbred maizeplants, breeding
`values, are estimated from the same analysis using pedigree
`information.
`BORBMN=ARTIFICIAL BRITTLE STALK MEAN:
`
`The mean percentofplants not “snapped”in a plot following
`artificial selection pressure. A snapped plant hasits stalk
`completely snapped at a node between the base ofthe plant
`and the node above the ear. Expressed as percentof plants
`that did not snap. A high number is good and indicates
`toleranceto brittle snapping.
`
`BRENGMN=BRITTLE STALK ENERGY MEAN: The
`mean amount of energy per unit area needed to artificially
`brittle snap a corn stalk. A high numberis goodandindicates
`tolerance to brittle snapping.
`BREEDING: The genetic manipulation of living organ-
`isms.
`
`
`
`BREEDING CROSS: A cross to introduce new genetic
`material into a plant for the development of a new variety.
`For example, one could cross plant A with plant B, wherein
`plant B would be genetically different from plant A. After
`the breeding cross, the resulting F1 plants could then be
`selfed or sibbed for one, two, three or more times (F1, F2,
`F3, etc.) until a new inbred variety is developed.
`BRLPNE=ARTIFICIAL ROOT LODGING EARLY
`
`SEASON: The percent of plants not root lodged in a plot
`followingartificial selection pressure applied prior to flow-
`ering. A plant is considered root lodged if it leans from the
`vertical axis at an approximately 30 degree angleorgreater.
`Expressed as percentofplants that did not root lodge. A high
`numberis good and indicates tolerance to root lodging.
`BRLPNL=ARTIFICIAL ROOT LODGING LATE SEA-
`
`SON: The percent of plants not root
`
`lodged in a plot
`
`
`
`

`

`US 9,504,221 B1
`
`4
`DIPLOID PLANTPART:Refersto a plant part or cell that
`has a same diploid genotype.
`DIPROT=DIPLODIA STALK ROT SCORE: Score of
`
`
`
`
`
`severity due to Diplodia (Diplodia maydis).
`stalk rot
`Expressed as a 1 to 9 score with 9 being highly resistant.
`
`
`Data are collected only when sufficient selection pressure
`T
`exists in the experiment measured.
`DRPEAR=DROPPED EARS: A measure of the number
`of dropped ears per plot and represents the percentage of
`plants that did not drop ears prior to harvest. Data are
`collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`
`D/T=DROUGHT TOLERANCE: Thisrepresents a 1 to 9
`rating for droughttolerance, and is based on data obtained
`understress conditions. A high score indicates good drought
`
`tolerance and a low score indicates poor droughttolerance.
`
`
`Data are collected only when sufficient selection pressure
`exists in the experiment measured.
`EARHT=EAR HEIGHT: The ear height is a measure
`from the ground to the highest placed developed ear node
`attachment and is measuredin inches.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`EARMLD=GENERAL EAR MOLD: Visualrating (1 to
`9 score) where a 1
`is very susceptible and a 9 is very
`resistant. This is based on overall rating for ear mold of
`mature ears without determiningthe specific mold organism,
`and maynot be predictive for a specific ear mold. Data are
`collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`
`CLN=CORN LETHAL NECROSIS: Synergistic interac- EARSZ=EARSIZE: A1to 9 visualrating of ear size. The
`
`tion of maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMY) in combina-
`higher the rating the larger the earsize.
`EBTSTK=EARLYBRITTLE STALK: A count of the
`tion with either maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV-A or
`MDMV-B)or wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMY). A 1 to 9
`visual rating indicating the resistance to Corn Lethal Necro-
`sis. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. Data are
`collected only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`CMSMT=COMMON SMUT: Thisis the percentage of
`plants not infected with Common Smut. Data are collected
`
`3
`following artificial selection pressure during grain fill. A
`plant is considered root lodgedif it leans from thevertical
`axis at an approximately 30 degree angle or greater.
`Expressed aspercentofplants that did not root lodge. A high
`numberis good andindicates tolerance to root lodging.
`BRTSTK=BRITTLE STALKS: This is a measure of the
`
`stalk breakage near the time of pollination, and is an
`indication of whethera hybrid or inbred would snap or break
`near the time of flowering under severe winds. Data are
`presented as percentage ofplants that did not snap. Data are
`collected only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`BRTPCN=BRITTLE STALKS: This is an estimate of the
`
`stalk breakage near the time of pollination, and is an
`indication of whethera hybrid or inbred would snap or break
`near the time of flowering under severe winds. Data are
`presented as percentage ofplants that did not snap. Data are
`collected only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`CARBOHYDRATE: Organic compounds comprising
`carbon, oxygen and hydrogen,
`including sugars, starches
`and cellulose.
`
`20
`
`CELL: Cell as used herein includes a plant cell, whether
`isolated, in tissue culture or incorporated in a plant or plant
`part.
`CLDTST=COLD TEST: The percent of plants that ger-
`minate under cold test conditions.
`
`
`
`only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experi-
`nent measured.
`
`COMRST=COMMONRUST(Puccinia sorghi): A 1 to 9
`visual rating indicating the resistance to Common Rust. A
`igher score indicates a higherresistance. Data are collected
`only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experi-
`nent measured.
`
`CROSS POLLINATION:Fertilization by the union of
`two gametes from different plants.
`CROSSING: The combination of genetic material by
`raditional methods such as a breeding cross or backcross,
`but also including protoplast fusion and other molecular
`biology methods of combining genetic material from two
`sources.
`
`40
`
`45
`
`w°
`
`D and D1-Dn:represents the generation of doubled hap-
`loid.
`
`D/D=DRYDOWN:This represents the relative rate at
`which a hybrid will reach acceptable harvest moisture
`compared to other hybrids on a 1 to 9 rating scale. A high
`score indicates a hybrid thatdries relatively fast while a low
`score indicates a hybrid that dries slowly.
`
`DIGENG=DIGESTIBLE ENERGY:Near-infrared trans-
`mission spectroscopy, NIT, prediction of digestible energy.
`DIPERS=DIPLODI4 EAR MOLD SCORES (Diplodia
`maydis and Diplodia macrospora): A 1 to 9 visual rating
`indicating the resistance to Diplodia Ear Mold. A higher
`score indicates a higher resistance. Data are collected only
`when suflicient selection pressure exists in the experiment
`measured.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`numberof “snapped”plants per plot following severe winds
`when the corn plant is experiencing very rapid vegetative
`growth in the V5-V8 stage. Expressed as percent of plants
`that did not snap. Data are collected only when sufficient
`selection pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`
`
`ECBILF=EUROPEAN CORN BORER FIRST GEN-
`
`ERATION LEAF FEEDING(Ostrinia nubilalis): A 1 to 9
`visual rating indicating the resistance to preflowering leaf
`
`feeding by first generation European Corn Borer. A higher
`score indicates a higher resistance. Data are collected only
`when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment
`measured.
`ECB2IT=EUROPEAN CORN BORER SECOND GEN-
`
`
`ERATION INCHES OF TUNNELING(Osirinia nubilalis):
`
`Average inches of
`tunneling per plant in the stalk. Data are
`
`
`
`collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`
`ECB2SC=EUROPEAN CORN BORER SECOND GEN-
`
`
`
`ERATION (Ostrinia nubilalis): A 1 to 9 visual rating indi-
`cating post flowering degree of stalk breakage and other
`evidence of feeding by second generation European Corn
`
`Borer. A higher score indicates a higherresistance. Data are
`
`
`
`collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`ECBDPE=EUROPEAN CORN BORER DROPPED
`
`
`
`EARS(Ostrinia nubilalis): Dropped ears due to European
`Corn Borer. Percentage of plants that did not drop ears under
`second generation European Corn Borer infestation. Data
`are collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in
`the experiment measured.
`
`ECBLSIFEUROPEAN CORN BORER LATE SEASON
`
`INTACT (Ostrinia nubilalis): A 1 to 9 visual rating indicat-
`ing late season intactness of the corn plant given damage
`(stalk breakage above and below the top ear) caused pri-
`marily by 2” and/or 3” generation ECB larval feeding
`before harvest. A higher score is good and indicates more
`
`
`
`

`

`US 9,504,221 B1
`
`5
`intact plants. Data are collected only when sufficient selec-
`tion pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`EGRWTH=EARLY GROWTH: This is a measure of the
`
`relative height and size of a corn seedling at the 2-4 leaf
`stage of growth. This is a visual rating (1 to 9), with 1 being
`weak or slow growth, 5 being average growth and 9 being
`strong growth. Taller plants, wider leaves, more green mass
`and darker colorconstitute higher score. Data are collected
`only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experi-
`ment measured.
`
`6
`GDUSHD=GDU TO SHED: The number of growing
`degree units (GDUs) or heat units required for an inbred
`variety or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the
`plants shedding pollen and is measured from the time of
`planting. Growing degree units are calculated bythe Barger
`Method, where the heat units for a 24-hour period are:
`
`=>?GDU
`temp.)
`temp. + Min.
`_ (Max.
`
`50
`
`ERTLDG=EARLY ROOT LODGING:Thepercentage of
`plants that do not root lodge prior to or around anthesis;
`plants that lean from the vertical axis at an approximately 30
`degree angle or greater would be counted as root lodged.
`Data are collected only when sufficient selection pressure
`exists in the experiment measured.
`ERTLPN=EARLY ROOT LODGING:An estimate of the
`
`percentageofplants that do not root lodgeprior to or around
`anthesis; plants that lean from the vertical axis at an approxi-
`mately 30 degree angle or greater would be considered as
`
`
`root lodged. Data are collected only when sufficient selec-
`tion pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`
`ERTLSC=EARLY ROOT LODGING SCORE:Score for
`
`
`
`
`
`from a vertical axis at an
`lean
`severity of plants that
`approximate 30 degree angle or greater which typically
`results from strong winds prior to or around flowering
`recorded within 2 weeks of a wind event. Expressed as a 1
`o 9 score with 9 being no lodging. Dataare collected only
`when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment
`neasured.
`ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS: Amino acids that cannot
`be synthesized by an organism and therefore must be sup-
`plied in the diet.
`
`ESTCNT=EARLY STAND COUNT:Thisis a measure of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`he stand establishment in the spring and represents the
`umberofplants that emerge on per plot basis for the inbred
`or hybrid.
`EXPRESSING: Having the genetic potential such that
`nder the right conditions, the phenotypictrait is present.
`
`EXTSTR=EXTRACTABLE STARCH: Near-infrared
`ransmission spectroscopy, NIT, prediction of extractable
`
`starch.
`
`
`EYESPT=EYE SPOT(Kabatiella zeae or Aureobasidium
`
`zeae): A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Eye
`Spot. A higher score indicates a higherresistance. Data are
`collected only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`FATTY ACID:A carboxylic acid (or organic acid), 0
`with a long aliphatic tail (long chains), either saturated or
`unsaturated.
`
`F1 PROGENY:A progeny plant produced
`plant with a plant of another maize line.
`
`FUSERS=FUSARIUM EAR ROT SCORE (Fusarium
`moniliforme or Fusarium subglutinans). A 1
`to 9 visual
`rating indicating the resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot. A
`higher score indicates a higherresistance. Data are collected
`only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experi-
`ment measured.
`
`
`GDU=GROWING DEGREE UNITS: Using the Barger
`Heat Unit Theory, which assumesthat maize growth occurs
`in the temperature range 50 degrees F.-86 degrees F. and that
`temperatures outside this range slow down growth;
`the
`maximum daily heat unit accumulation is 36 and the mini-
`mum daily heat unit accumulation is 0. The seasonal accu-
`mulation of GDU is a major factor in determining maturity
`zones.
`
`
`
`ten
`
`by crossing a
`
`
`
`
`25
`
`40
`
`45
`
`5
`
`The units determined by the Barger Method are then
`divided by 10. The highest maximum temperature usedis 86
`degrees F. and the lowest minimum temperature used is 50
`degrees F. For each inbred or hybrid it takes a certain
`number of GDUstoreach various stages of plant develop-
`ment.
`
`GDUSLK=GDU TO SILK: The number of growing
`degree units required for an inbred variety or hybrid to have
`approximately 50 percent of the plants with silk emergence
`from time of planting. Growing degree units are calculated
`bythe Barger Method as given in GDU SHDdefinition and
`then divided by 10.
`
`GENE SILENCING:Theinterruption or suppression of
`the expression of a gene at the level of transcription or
`translation.
`GENOTYPE: Refers to the genetic mark-up orprofile of
`a cell or organism.
`GIBERS=GIBBERELLA EAR ROT (PINK MOLD)
`(Gibberella zeae): A 1
`to 9 visual rating indicating the
`resistance to Gibberella Ear Rot. A higher score indicates a
`higher resistance. Data are collected only when sufficient
`selection pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`
`GIBROT=GIBBERELLA STALK ROT SCORE: Score of
`
`
`
`stalk rot severity due to Gibberella (Gibberella zeae).
`
`Expressed as a 1 to 9 score with 9 being highly resistant.
`
`
`Data are collected only when sufficient selection pressure
`exists in the experiment measured.
`GLFSPT=GRAY LEAF SPOT (Cercospora zeae-may-
`dis): A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Gray
`Leaf Spot. A higher score indicates a higherresistance. Data
`are collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in
`the experiment measured.
`(Corynebacterium
`WILT
`GOSWLT=GOSS’
`nebraskense): A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance
`
`to Goss’ Wilt. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.
`
`
`
`Data are collected only when sufficient selection pressure
`exists in the experiment measured.
`GRNAPP=GRAIN APPEARANCE: This is a 1
`
`to 9
`
`rating for the general appearance ofthe shelled grain asit is
`harvested based on such factors as the color of harvested
`
`grain, any mold on the grain, and any cracked grain. High
`scores indicate good grain visual quality.
`H and H1: Refers to the haploid generation.
`HAPLOID PLANT PART: Refers to a plant part orcell
`that has a haploid genotype.
`HCBLT=HELMINTHOSPORIUM CARBONUM LEAF
`
`to 9 visual
`BLIGHT (Helminthosporium carbonum): A 1
`rating indicating the resistance to Helminthosporium infec-
`
`tion. A higher score indicates a higherresistance. Data are
`
`
`collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`HD SMT=HEAD SMUT(Sphacelotheca reiliana): This
`indicates the percentage of plants not infected. Data are
`collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`
`
`
`
`

`

`US 9,504,221 B1
`
`7
`to 9 score based on
`HSKCVR=HUSK COVER: A 1
`performance relative to key checks, with a score of 1
`indicating very short husks, tip of ear and kernels showing;
`5 is intermediate coverage of the ear under most conditions,
`sometimes with thin husk; and a 9 has husks extending and
`closed beyond the tip of the ear. Scoring can best be done
`near physiological maturity stage or any time during dry
`down until harvested.
`HTFRM=Near-infrared transmission spectroscopy, NIT,
`prediction of fermentables.
`HYBRID VARIETY:A substantially heterozygous hybrid
`line and minor genetic modifications thereof that retain the
`overall genetics of the hybrid line including but not limited
`to a locus conversion, a mutation, or a somoclonal variant.
`INBRED: A variety developed through inbreeding or
`doubled haploidy that preferably comprises
`homozygous
`alleles at about 95% or more of its loci. An inbred can be
`
`the
`reproduced byselfing or growing in isolation so that
`plants can onlypollinate with the same inbred variety.
`
`
`INC D/A=GROSS INCOME (DOLLARS PER ACRE):
`Relative incomeper acre assuming drying costs of two cents
`per point above 15.5 percent harvest moisture and current
`market price per bushel.
`INCOME/ACRE:Income advantage of hybrid to bepat-
`ented over other hybrid on per acre basis.
`INC ADV=GROSS INCOME ADVANTAGE:
`
`Gross
`
`
`
`
`
`8
`
`LRTLDG=LATE ROOT LODGING:The percentage of
`plants that do notroot lodge after anthesis through harvest;
`plants that lean from the vertical axis at an approximately 30
`
`degree angle or greater would be counted as root lodged.
`
`
`
`Data are collected only when sufficient selection pressure
`exists in the experiment measured.
`LRTLPN=LATE ROOT LODGING:An estimate ofthe
`
`percentage of plants that do not root lodge after anthesis
`through harvest; plants that lean from the vertical axis at an
`approximately 30 degree angle or greater would be consid-
`ered as root lodged. Data are collected only when sufficient
`selection pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`LRTLSC=LATE ROOT LODGING SCORE:Score for
`severity of plants that
`lean from a vertical axis at an
`approximate 30 degree angle or greater which typically
`results from strong windsafter flowering. Recordedprior to
`harvest when a root-lodging event has occurred. This lodg-
`ing results in plants that are leaned or “lodged” overat the
`base ofthe plant and do notstraighten or “goose-neck” back
`to a vertical position. Expressed as a 1 to 9 score with 9
`being no lodging. Data are collected only when sufficient
`selection pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`MALE STERILITY: A male sterile plant is one which
`produces no viable pollen no (pollen that is able to fertilize
`the egg to produce a viable seed). Malesterility prevents self
`pollination. These malesterile plants are therefore useful in
`hybrid plant production.
`MDMCPX=MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC COMPLEX
`
`
`
`the
`
`(MDMV=Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus and MCDV=Maize
`Chlorotic Dwarf Virus). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the
`resistance to Maize Dwarf Mosaic Complex. A higher score
`indicates a higher resistance. Data are collected only when
`sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment mea-
`sured.
`MILKLN=percent milk in mature grain.
`
`MST=HARVEST MOISTURE: The moisture is
`actual percentage moisture of the grain at harvest.
`MSTADV=MOISTURE ADVANTAGE: The moisture
`
`advantage of variety #1 over variety #2 as calculated by:
`MOISTURE of variety
`#2-MOISTURE of variety
`
`
`#1=MOISTURE ADVANTAGEofvariety #1.
`NEI DISTANCE: A quantitative measure of percent simi-
`larity between two varieties. Nei’s distance between variet-
`ies A and B can be defined as 1-(2*numberalleles in
`common/(number alleles in A+number alleles in B). For
`example, if varieties A and B are the same for 95 out of 100
`alleles, the Nei distance would be 0.05. If varieties A and B
`are the samefor 98 out of 100 alleles, the Nei distance would
`be 0.02. Free software for calculating Nei distance is avail-
`able on the internet at multiple. See Nei, Proc Natl Acad Sci,
`76:5269-5273 (1979) which is incorporated byreference for
`this purpose.
`NLFBLT=NORTHERN LEAF BLIGHT (Helminthospo-
`rium turcicum or Exserohilum turcicum): A 1
`to 9 visual
`rating indicating the resistance to Northern Leaf Blight. A
`higher score indicates a higherresistance. Data are collected
`only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experi-
`ment measured.
`NUCLEIC ACID: An acidic, chainlike biological macro-
`molecule consisting of multiple repeat units of phosphoric
`acid, sugar, and purine and pyrimidine bases.
`OILT=GRAINOIL: Absolute value of oil content of the
`kernel as predicted by Near-Infrared Transmittance and
`expressed as a percent of dry matter.
`rw?
`ERCENT IDENTITY: Percent identity as used herein
`refers to the comparison of the alleles present
`in two
`varieties. For example, when comparing two inbred plants to
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`
`
`income advantage of variety #1 over variety #2.
`INTROGRESSION:Theprocess of transferring genetic
`material from one genotype to another.
`
`KERUNT=KERNELSPER UNIT AREA(Acresor Hect-
`ares).
`KERPOP=KERNEL POP SCORE: Thevisual 1-9 rating
`of the amount of rupturing ofthe kernelpericarp at an early
`stage in grain fill. A higher score is good and indicates no
`popped (ruptured) kernels.
`
`
`
`KER_WT=KERNEL NUMBER PER UNIT WEIGHT
`(Pounds or Kilograms): The numberof kernels in a specific
`measured weight; determined after removal of extremely
`small and large kernels.
`
`KSZDCD=KERNEL SIZE DISCARD: The percent of
`discard seed; calculated as the sumofdiscarded tip kernels
`and extra-large kernels.
`LINKAGE:Refers to a phenomenon wherein alleles on
`the same chromosometend to segregate together more often
`than expected bychance if their transmission was indepen-
`dent.
`LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM:Refers to a phenomenon
`wherein alleles tend to remain together in linkage groups
`when segregating from parents to offspring, with a greater
`frequency than expected from their individual frequencies.
`LOCUS: A specific location on a chromosome.
`LOCUS CONVERSION:(Also called TRAIT CONVER-
`SION) A locus conversion refers to plants within a variety
`that have been modified in a mannerthat retains the overall
`
`genetics of the variety and further comprises one or more
`loci with a specific desiredtrait, such as malesterility, insect,
`disease or herbicide resistance. Examples of single locus
`conversions include mutant genes, transgenes and native
`traits finely mapped to a single locus. One or more locus
`conversion traits may be introduced into a single com
`variety.
`
`
`
`L/POP=YIELD AT LOW DENSITY: Yield ability at
`relatively low plant densities on a 1 to 9 relative system with
`a higher numberindicating the hybrid responds well to low
`plant densities for yield relative to other hybrids. A 1, 5, and
`9 would represent very poor, average, and very good yield
`response, respectively, to low plant density.
`
`

`

`US 9,504,221 B1
`
`10
`would be counted as root lodged. Data are collected only
`when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment
`measured.
`RTLADV=ROOT LODGING ADVANTAGE: The root
`
`lodging advantage of variety #1 over variety #2. Data are
`
`
`
`collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`to 9 visual rating
`SCTGRN=SCATTER GRAIN: A 1
`indicating the amountofscatter grain (lack ofpollination or
`kernel abortion) on the ear. The higher the score the less
`scatter grain.
`SDGVGR=SEEDLING VIGOR:Thisis the visual rating
`(1 to 9) of the amountof vegetative growth after emergence
`at the seedling stage (approximately five leaves). A higher
` T
`score indicates better vigor.
`SEED:Fertilized and ripened ovule, consisting of the
`plant embryo, varying amounts of stored food material, and
`
`a protective outer seed coat. Synonymous with grain.
`
`SEFIELD:Percent stress emergence in field.
`SELAB: Average %stress emergence in labtests.
`SEL
`IND=SELECTION INDEX: The selection index
`gives a single measure of the hybrid’s worth based on
`information for multiple traits. A maize breeder mayutilize
`his or her ownsetoftraits for the selection index. One ofthe
`traits that is almost always includedis yield. The selection
`index data presented in the tables represent the mean value
`averaged across testing stations.
`SELF POLLINATION:Aplantis self-pollinatedif pollen
`from one floweris transferred to the same or another flower
`
` 1
`
`of the sameplant.
`SIB POLLINATION:A plantis sib-pollinated when indi-
`viduals within the same family or variety are used for
`pollination.
`SITE SPECIFIC INTEGRATION:Genesthat create a site
`
`1
`
`
`
`
`for site specific DNA integration. This includes the intro-
`duction of FRT sites that may be used in the FLP/FRT
`system and/or Lox sites that may be used in the Cre/Loxp
`system. For example,
`see Lyznik, et al., Site-Specific
`Recombination for Genetic Engineeringin Plants, Plant Cell
`Rep (2003) 21:925-932 and WO 99/25821.
`SLFBLT=SOUTHERN LEAF BLIGHT (Helminthospo-
`rium maydis or Bipolaris maydis): A 1
`to 9 visual rating
`indicating the resistance to Southern Leaf Blight. A higher
`score indicates a higher resistance. Data are collected only
`when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment
`measured.
`
`
`SNP=SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM:is a
`DNAsequence variation occurring whena single nucleotide
`in the genome differs between individual plant or plant
`varieties. The differences can be equated with different
`alleles, and indicate polymorphisms. A number of SNP
`markers can be used to determine a molecularprofile of an
`individualplant or plant variety and can be used to compare
`similarities and differences amongplants andplantvarieties.
`
`SOURST=SOUTHERN RUST (Puccinia polysora): A 1
`to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Southern Rust.
`A higher score indicates a higher resistance. Data are col-
`lected only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the
` T
`experiment measured.
`SPKDSC=SPIKE