United States Patent 15
`5,491,295
`[11] Patent Number:
`
`145} Date of Patent: Feb. 13, 1996
`Nieburet al.
`
`AACETAA
`
`[54] HYBRID CORN PLANT AND SEED
`
`[75]
`
`Inventors: William §. Niebur, Victor, France;
`Raymond D. Riley, Humboldt County;
`Stephen W. Noble, Polk County, both
`of Iowa
`
`[73] Assignee: Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.,
`Des Moines, lowa
`
`[21] Appl. No.: 323,273
`
`(22]
`
`Filed:
`
`Nov. 22, 1994
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`[63] Continuation of Ser. No. 962,443, Oct. 16, 1992, abandoned,
`which is a continuation of Ser. No. 649,786, Feb. 1, 1991,
`abandoned.
`
`[SL]
`
`Tint. Cho occccceeccscsssesesesene A018, 5/00; A01H 4/00;
`C12M 5/04
`[52] U.S. Cl. oeeeeeeee 800/200; 800/250; 800/DIG. 56;
`47/58; 435/240.4; 435/240.49; 435/240.5
`[58] Field of Search ou...cscs 800/200, 205,
`800/DIG. 56; 47/58.03, 58.05; 435/240.4,
`240.49, 240.5
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`3/1989 Segebart .
`4,812,599
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`160390
`
`1/1990 European Pat. Off. uuu... 435/172.3
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Troyer, A. F. (1990) A Retrospective View of Corn Genetic
`Resources, Journal of Heredity, vol. 81, pp. 17-24.
`Allard, R. W. (1960) Principles of Plant Breeding, John
`Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 67-69.
`PVP Application and PVP Certificate for Inbred Corn Line
`PHN46.
`PVP Application and PVP Certificate for Inbred Corn Line
`PHN46.
`Conger, B. V., et al. (1987) “Somatic Embryogenesis From
`Cultured Leaf Segments of Zea Mays”, Plant Cell Reports,
`6:345-347.
`Duncan, D. R., et al. (1985) “The Production of Callus
`Capable of Plant Regeneration From Immature Embryos of
`Numerous Zea Mays Genotypes”, Planta, 165:322-332.
`Edallo, et al.
`(1981) “Chromosomal Variation and Fre-
`quency of Spontaneous Mutation Associated with in Vitro
`Culture and Plant Regeneration in Maize”, Maydica,
`XXVI:39-56,
`Green, et al.,
`
`(1975) “Plant Regeneration From Tissue
`
`Cultures of Maize”, Crop Science, vol. 15, pp. 417-421.
`Green, C. E., et al. (1982) “Plant Regeneration in Tissue
`Cultures of Maize”, Maize for Biological Research, pp.
`367-372.
`Hallauer, A. R. et al. (1988) “Corn Breeding”, Corn and
`Corn Improvement, No. 18, pp. 463-481.
`Meghji, M. R., et al. (1984). “Inbreeding Depression, Inbred
`& Hybrid Grain Yields and Other Traits of Maize Genotypes
`Representing Three Eras”, Crop Science, vol. 24, pp.
`545-549.
`Phillips, et al. (1988) “Ccll/Tissuc Culture and in Vitro
`Manipulation”, Corn & Corn Improvement, 3rd Ed., ASA
`Publication, No. 18, pp. 345-387.
`Poehiman (1987) Breeding Field Crop, AVI Publication Co.,
`Westport, Ct., pp. 237-246.
`Rao, K. V. et al., (1986) “Somatic Embryogenesis in Glume
`Callus Cultures”, Maize Genetics Cooperative Newsletter,
`No. 60, pp. 64-65.
`Sass, John F. (1977) “Morphology”, Corn & Corn Improve-
`ment, ASA Publication. Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 89-109.
`Songstad, D. D.
`et
`al.
`(1988)
`“Effect of ACC
`(1-aminocyclopropane—1—carboxyclic acid), Silver Nitrate
`& Norbonadiene on Plant Regeneration From Maize Callus
`Cultures”, Plant Cell Reports, 7:262-265.
`Tomes, et al. (1985) “The Effect of Parental Genotype on
`Initiation of Embryogenic Callus From Elite Maize (Zea
`Mays L.) Germplasm”, Theor. Appl. Genet., vol. 70, pp.
`505-509.
`Troyer,et al. (1985) “Selection for Early Flowering in Corn:
`10 Late Synthetics”, Crop Science, vol. 25, pp. 695-697.
`Umbeck,
`et
`al.
`(1983)
`“Reversion of Male-Sterile
`T-Cytoplasm Maize to Male Fertility in Tissue Culture”,
`Crop Science, vol. 23, pp. 584-588.
`Wright, Harold (1980) “Commercial Hybrid Seed Produc-
`tion”, Hybridization of Crop Plants, Ch. 8: 161-176.
`Wych, Robert D. (1988) “Production of Hybrid Seed”, Corn
`and Corn Improvement, Ch. 9, pp. 565-607.
`
`Primary Examiner—Gary Benzion
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Pioneer Hi-Bred International,
`Inc.
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`According to the invention, there is provided a hybrid corm
`plant, designated as 3394, produced by crossing two Pioneer
`Hi-Bred Intemational, Inc. proprietary inbred com lines.
`This invention thus relates to the hybrid seed 3394, the
`hybrid plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants,
`and trivial modifications of hybrid 3394. This hybrid corn
`plant is characterized by superior yield for maturity, excel-
`lent seedling vigor, very good roots and stalks, and excep-
`tional stay green. It is widely adapted, but performsbest in
`the Central and Eastern Cor Belt.
`
`6 Claims, No Drawings
`
`Inari Exhibit 1080
`Inari Exhibit 1080
`Inari v. Pioneer
`Inari v. Pioneer
`
`

`

`5,491,295
`
`1
`HYBRID CORN PLANT AND SEED
`
`This application is a continuation of prior application
`Ser. No. 07/962,443, filed Oct. 16, 1992, now abandoned,
`which was a continuation of prior application Ser. No.
`07/649,786,field Feb. 1, 1991, now abandoned.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`This inventionis in theficld ofplant breeding, specifically
`hybrid corn breeding.
`
`BACKGROUNDOF THE INVENTION
`
`The goal of plant breeding is to combine in a single
`variety/hybrid various desirable traits of the parental lines.
`For field crops, these traits may include resistance to dis-
`eases and insects, tolerance to heat and drought, reducing the
`time to crop maturity, greater yield, and better agronomic
`quality. With mechanical harvesting of many crops, unifor-
`mity of plant characteristics such as germination and stand
`establishment, growth rate, maturity, and fmit size, is impor-
`tant.
`
`Field crops are bred through techniques that take advan-
`tage of the plant’s method ofpollination. A plant is self-
`pollinating if pollen from one flower is transferred to the
`same or another flower of the same plant. A plant
`is
`cross-pollinated if the pollen comes from a flower on a
`different plant.
`Plants that have been self-pollinated and selected for type
`for many generations become homozygous at almost all
`gene loci and produce a uniform population oftrue breeding
`progeny. A cross between two homozygouslines produces a
`uniform population of hybrid plants that may be heterozy-
`gous for many gene loci. A cross of two plants each
`heterozygous at a number of gene loci will produce a
`population of hybrid plants that differ genetically and will
`not be uniform.
`
`Corn plants (Zea mays L.) can be bred by both self-
`pollination and cross-pollination techniques. Corn has male
`flowers, located on the tassel, and female flowers, located on
`the ear, on the sameplant. Natural pollination occurs in corn
`when wind blows pollen from the tassels to the silks that
`protrude from the tops of the incipient ears.
`The development of corn hybrids requires the develop-
`ment of homozygous inbred lines,
`the crossing of these
`lines, and the evaluation of the crosses. Pedigree breeding
`and recurrent selection breeding methods are used to
`develop inbred lines from populations. Breeding programs
`combine desirable traits from two or more inbred lines or
`various broad-based sources into breeding pools from which
`new inbred lines are developed by selfing and selection of
`desired phenotypes. The new inbreds are crossed with other
`inbred lines and the hybrids from these crosses are evaluated
`to determine which have commercial potential.
`Pedigree breeding starts with the crossing of two geno-
`types, each of which may have one or more desirable
`characteristics that is lacking in the other or which comple-
`mentthe other. If the two original parents do not provideall
`of the desired characteristics, other sources can be included
`in the breeding population. In the pedigree method, superior
`plants are selfed and selected in successive generations. In
`the succeeding generations the heterozygous condition gives
`way to homogeneouslines as a result of self-pollination and
`selection. Typically in the pedigree method of breedingfive
`
`20
`
`30
`
`40
`
`45
`
`60
`
`65
`
`2
`or more generations of selfing and selection is practiced.
`F,-F,; F,-F;; F;-F,; F,F;. etc.
`A hybrid corn variety is the cross of two inbred lines, each
`of which may have one or more desirable characteristics
`lacked by the other or which complement the other. The
`hybrid progenyofthe first generation is designated F,. In the
`developmentof hybrids only the F, hybrid plants are sought.
`The F, hybrid is more vigorous than its inbred parents. This
`hybrid vigor, or heterosis, can be manifested in many ways,
`including increased vegetative growth and increased yield.
`The development of a hybrid corn variety involves three
`steps:
`(1)
`the selection of superior plants from various
`germplasm pools; (2) the selfing of the superior plants for
`several generations to producea series of inbred lines, which
`although different from each other, each breed true and are
`highly uniform; and (3) crossing the selected inbred lines
`with unrelated inbred lines to produce the hybrid progeny
`(F,). During the inbreeding process the vigor ofthe lines
`decreases. Vigoris restored when two unrelated inbredlines
`are crossed to produce the hybrid progeny (F,). An impor-
`tant consequence of the homozygosity and homogeniety of
`the inbred lines is that the hybrid between any two inbreds
`will always be the same. Once the inbreds that give the best
`hybrid have been identified, the hybrid seed can be repro-
`duced indefinitely as long as the homogeneity of the inbred
`parents is maintained.
`A single cross hybrid is produced when twoinbred lines
`are crossed to produce the F, progeny. A double cross
`hybrid, is produced from four inbred lines crossed in pairs
`(AxB and Cx D) and then the two F, hybrids are crossed
`again (AxB)x(Cx D). Muchofthe hybrid vigor cxhibited by
`F, hybrids is lost in the next generation (F,). Consequently,
`seed from hybrid varieties is not used for planting stock.
`Hybrid com seed can be produced by manual detasseling.
`Alternate strips of two inbred varieties of corn are planted in
`a field, and the pollen-bearing tassels are removed from one
`of the inbreds (female). Providing that there is sufficient
`isolation from sources of foreign corn pollen, the ears of the
`detasseled inbred will be fertilized only from pollen from the
`other inbred (male), and the resulting seed is therefore
`hybrid and will form hybrid plants.
`The laborious detasseling process can be avoided by using
`cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) inbreds. Plants of a CMS
`inbred are fertilized with pollen from another inbred that is
`not male-sterile. Pollen from the second inbred can contrib-
`ute genes that make the hybrid plants male-fertile. Usually
`seed from detasseled normal corn and CMSproduced seed
`of the same hybrid is blended to insure that adequate pollen
`loads are available for fertilization when the hybrid plants
`are grown.
`
`Corn is an important and valuable field crop. Thus, a
`continuing goal of plant breeding is to develop stable high
`yielding corn hybrids that are agronomically sound. The
`reasons for this goal are obvious: to maximize the amount of
`grain produced on the land used and to supply food for both
`animals and humans.
`
`SUMMARYOF THE INVENTION
`
`According to the invention, there is provided a hybrid
`corn plant, designated as 3394, produced by crossing two
`Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred corn
`lines. This invention thusrelates to the hybrid seed 3394,the
`hybrid plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants,
`and trivial modifications of hybrid 3394. This hybrid corn
`plant is characterized by superior yield for maturity, excel-
`
`

`

`5,491,295
`
`3
`lent seedling vigor, very good roots and stalks, and excep-
`tional stay green. It is widely adapted, but performsbest in
`the Central and Eastern Corn Belt.
`
`DEFINITIONS
`
`In the description and examples that follow, a number of
`terms are used herein. In order to provide a clear and
`consistent understanding of the specification and claims,
`including the scope to be given such terms, the following
`definitions are provided:
`ADVANTAGE=It is the advantage the hybrid to be pat-
`ented has comparedto another hybrid for yield (bushels per
`acre), moisture (drier is an advantage), income, population,
`stand (plants not stalk lodging is an advantage), roots (plants
`not root lodging is an advantage), and test weight, respec-
`tively, in strip tests.
`BAR PLT=BARREN PLANTS. This is the percent of
`plants per plot that were not barren (lack ears). 5 B/STK=
`BRITTLE STALKS RATING.This is a 1-9 rating where a
`i, 5, and 9 represent serious, average, and little or no
`potential for brittle stalk breakage.
`BRT STK=BRITTLE STALKS. This is a measure of the
`stalk breakage near the time of pollination, and is an
`indication of whether a hybrid would snap or break near the
`time of flowering under severe winds. Data are presented as
`percentage of plants that did not snap.
`BU ACR=YIELD (BUSHELS/ACRE). Actual yield of
`the grain at harvest adjusted to 15.5% moisture. ABS is in
`absolute terms and % MNis percent of the mean for the
`experiments in which the hybrid was grown.
`D/D=DRYDOWN.This represents the relative rate at
`which a hybrid will reach acceptable harvest moisture
`comparedto other hybrids on a 1-9 rating scale. A high score
`indicates a hybrid thatdries relatively fast while a low score
`indicates a hybrid that dries slowly.
`D/E=DROPPED EARS RATING.This is a 1-9 rating
`where a 1, 5, and 9 represent serious, average, and little or
`no ear droppage potential, respectively.
`DRP EAR=DROPPED EARS. This is a measure of the
`number of dropped ears per plot and represents the percent-
`age of plants that did not drop ears prior to harvest.
`D/T=DROUGHT TOLERANCE.This represents a 1-9
`rating for drought tolerance, and is based on data obtained
`understress conditions. A high score indicates good drought
`tolerance and a low score indicates poor drought tolerance.
`E/HT=EAR HEIGHT RATING.Thisis a 1-9 rating with
`a 1,5, and 9 representing a very low, average, and very high
`ear placement, respectively.
`EAR HT=EAR HEIGHT. Theear height is a measure
`from the ground to the top developed ear node attachment
`and is measured in inches.
`EST CNT=EARLY STAND COUNT. This is a measure
`of the stand establishment in the spring and represents the
`number of plants that emerge on a per plot basis for the
`hybrid.
`GDU BL=GDU TO BLACKLAYER.This is the number
`of growing degree units required for the hybrid to reach
`blacklayer from the time that it was planted. Growing degree
`units are calculated by the Barger Method, where the heat
`units for a 24-hour period are:
`GDU = (Max. ek 50
`
`10
`
`25
`
`30
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`4
`The highest maximum used is 86° F. and the lowest
`minimum used is 50° F, For each inbred or hybrid it takes
`a certain number of GDUsto reach various stages of plant
`development.
`GDU SHD=GDU TO SHED. The number of growing
`degree units (GDUs) or heat units required for a hybrid to
`have approximately 50 percent of the plants shedding pollen
`and is measured from the time of planting.
`GDU SLK=GDU TO SILK. The number of growing
`degree units required for a hybrid to have approximately 50
`percent of the plants with silk emergence from time of
`planting.
`GRN APP=G/A=GRAIN APPEARANCE.This is a 1 to
`9 rating for the general quality of the shelled grain asit is
`harvested based on suchfactors as the colorof the harvested
`grain, any mold on the grain, and any cracked grain. High
`scores indicate good grain quality and low scores indicate
`poor grain quality.
`H/POP=YIELD AT HIGH DENSITY. Yield ability at
`relatively high plant densities on a 1—9 relative rating system
`with a higher number indicating the hybrid responds well to
`high plant densities for yield relative to other hybrids. A 1,
`5, and 9 would represent very poor, average, and very good
`yield response, respectively, to increased plant density.
`INCOME/ACRE: Relative income per acre assuming
`drying costs of two cents per point above 15.5 percent
`harvest moisture and market price of $2.25 per bushel.
`L/POP=YIELD AT LOW DENSITY. Yield ability at
`relatively low plant densities on a 1-9 relative system with
`a higher numberindicating the hybrid responds well to low
`plant densities for yield relative to other hybrids. -A 1, 5, and
`9 would represent very poor, average, and very good yield
`response, respectively, to low plant density.
`MST=MOIST=HARVEST MOISTURE. Harvest mois-
`ture is the actual percentage moistureof the grain at harvest.
`MST RM=MOISTURE RM. This represents the Minne-
`sota Relative Maturity Rating (MN RM)for the hybrid and
`is based on the harvest moisture of the grain relative to a
`standard set of checks of previously determined MN RM
`rating. Linear regression analysis is used to compute this
`rating.
`P/HT=PLANT HEIGHT RATING. This is a 1-9 rating
`with a 1, 5, and 9 representing a very short, average, and
`very tall hybrid, respectively.
`PLT HT=PLANT HEIGHT. This is a measure of the
`height of the plant from the groundtothetip of the tassel in
`inches.
`
`PoP K/ACRE:Plants per 0.001 acre.
`PERCENT WINS: For yield, moisture, income, popula-
`tions, stand, roots, and test weight, it would be the percent-
`age of comparisons that the hybrid to be patented yielded
`more, had lower harvest moisture percentage, had greater
`incomeperacre, had better stalks, had better roots, and had
`higher test weight, respectively, in strip tests.
`R/L=ROOT LODGING RATING.A 1-9 rating where a
`higher score indicates less root lodging potential (1 is very
`poor, 5 is intermediate, and 9 is very good, respectively, for
`resistance to root lodging).
`ROOT(%): Percentage of plants that did not root lodge
`(lean greater than 30 degrees from vertical) taken on strip
`test plots.
`RT LDG=ROOT LODGING.Rootlodging is the percent-
`age of plants that do not rootlodge; plants that lean from the
`vertical axis at an approximately 30° angle or greater would
`be counted as root lodged.
`
`

`

`5,491,295
`
`6
`-continued
`
`VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
`HYBRID = PIONEER BRAND 3394
`Type: Dent
`Region Best Adapted: Central Corn Belt
`101 cm
`None
`Normal
`
`Ear height (to base of top ear):
`Numberoftillers:
`Cytoplasm type:
`C. Leaf:
`
`Color:
`Angle from Stalk:
`Marginal Waves:
`Number of Leaves (mature plants):
`Sheath Pubescence:
`Longitudinal Creases:
`Length (Ear node leaf):
`Width (widest point, ear nodeleaf):
`D. Tassel:
`
`Dark Green (B14)
`<30 degrees
`Few (WP9)
`20
`Light (W22)
`Many (PA11)
`94 cm
`10cm
`
`6 >
`
`45 degrees
`Heavy (KY21)
`22 cm
`
`Numberlateral branches:
`Branch Angle from central spike:
`Pollen Shed:
`Peduncle Length (top leaf to basal
`branches):
`Anther Color:
`Purple
`Green
`Glume Color:
`E, Ear (Husked Ear Data Except When Stated Otherwise):
`20 cm
`238 gm
`47 mm
`Pink
`Short (Ears Exposed)
`Short (< 8 cm)
`Slight
`Upright
`Slightly Curved, Distinct
`Number = 16
`Light Green
`Buff
`11 cm
`7
`
`Length:
`Weight:
`Mid-point Diameter:
`Silk Color:
`Husk Extension (Harvest stage):
`Husk Leaf:
`Taper of Ear:
`Position of Shank (dry husks):
`Kernel Rows:
`
`Husk Color (fresh):
`Husk Color(dry):
`Shank Length:
`Shank (No. of internodes):
`FE. Kernel (Dried):
`
`Size (from ear mid-point)
`
`Length:
`Width:
`Thick:
`Shape Grade (% rounds):
`Pericarp Color:
`Aleurone Color:
`Endosperm Color:
`Endosperm Type:
`Gm W1/100 Seeds (unsized):
`G. Cob:
`
`Diameter at mid-point:
`Strength:
`Color:
`H. Diseases:
`
`13 mm
`8 mm
`4mm
`<20%
`Colorless
`Homozygous Yellow
`Yellow
`Normal Starch
`34 gm
`
`26 mm
`Strong
`Red
`
`Resistant
`
`Highly Resistant
`Intermediate
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`5
`S/L=STALK LODGING RATING.This is a 1-9 rating
`where a higher score indicates less stalk lodging potential (1
`is very poor, 5 is intermediate, and 9 is very good, respec-
`tively, for resistance to stalk lodging).
`the
`SDG VGR=S/VIG=SEEDLING VIGOR. This is
`visual rating (1 to 9) of the amount of vegetative growth
`after emergence at the seedling stage (approximately five
`leaves). A higher score indicates better vigor and a low score
`indicates poorer vigor.
`STA GRN=STGR=STAY GREEN.Stay green is the mea-
`sure of plant health near the time of black layer formation
`(physiological maturity) using a 1-9 visual rating. A high
`score indicates better late-season plant health and a low
`score indicates poor planthealth.
`STAND (%): Percentage of plants that did not break
`(lodge) below the ear taken onstrip test plots.
`/
`STK LDG=STALK LODGING.This is the percentage of
`plants that did notstalk lodge (stalk breakage) as measured
`by either natural lodging or pushing the stalks and deter-
`mining the percentage of plants that break below the ear.
`T/WT=TEST WEIGHT RATING.This is a 1-9 relative
`rating with a 1,5, and 9 indicating very low, average, and
`very high test weight, respectively.
`TST WTA=TEST WEIGHT. The measure of the weight
`of the grain in pounds for a given volume (bushel) adjusted
`for percent moisture.
`YLD=YIELD FOR MATURITY. This represents a 1-9
`rating for a hybrid’s yield potential. 1, 5, and 9 would
`represent very poor, average, and very high yield potential,
`respectively, relative to other hybrids of a similar maturity.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`INVENTION
`
`Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3394 is a single cross, yellow
`endosperm, dent com hybrid with superior yield in its
`maturity. It has stable yield across environments, has above
`average grain appearance with average test weight, and has
`exceptional stay green. 3394 has excellent seedling vigor
`and very good drought tolerance. The inventor has observed
`that the leaf angle is semi upright and the leaf is short and
`wide, which is a unique characteristic of this hybrid. The
`hybrid has the potential to form an abscision layer and drop
`ears free from the husk.
`
`This hybrid has the following characteristics based on the
`descriptive data collected primarily at Johnston, Iowa.
`
`VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
`HYBRID = PIONEER BRAND 3394
` Type: Dent Region Best Adapted: Central Corn Belt
`
`
`A. Maturity:
`
`Minnesota Relative Maturity Rating
`(harvest moisture):
`GDU’sto Physiological maturity
`(black layer):
`GDU’s to 50% Silk:
`
`111
`
`2760
`1442
`
`Com Lethal Necrosis (MCMV =
`Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus and
`MDMV= Maize Dwarf Mosaic
`Virus):
`Common Smut (U. maydis):
`Anthracnose Stalk Rot
`(C. graminicola):
`Intermediate
`S. Leaf Blight (B. mavdis):
`Intermediate
`N.Leaf Blight (E. turcicum):
`(Max. Temp. (< -86° F.) +
`Susceptible
`Gray Leaf Spot (C. zeae):
`60
`Goss’s Wilt (C. nebraskense):
`Highly Resistant
`Min. Temp (> —50°F.)]*
`Head Smut(S. reiliana):
`Highly Resistant
`GDU’s =——oF 50
`Resistant
`Fusarium Ear Mold (F moniliforme):
`I. Insects:
`B. Plant Characteristics:
`
`Plant height (to tassel tip):
`Length oftop ear internode:
`Numberof earsperstalk:
`
`296 cm
`16 cm
`Single
`
`65
`
`European Corn Borer-1 Leaf
`Damage (Pre-flowering):
`European Corn Borer-2
`
`Susceptible
`Intermediate
`
`

`

`7
`-continued
`
`VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
`HYBRID = PIONEER BRAND 3394
`Type: Dent
`Region Best Adapted: Central Corn Belt
`
`(Post-flowering):
`The above descriptions are based on a scale of 1-9, 1 being
`highly susceptible, 9 being highly resistant.
`S (Susceptible):
`
`I (Intermediate):
`
`R (Resistant):
`
`H (Highly Resistant):
`
`Would generally represent
`a score of 1-3.
`Would generally represent
`a score of 4-5.
`Would generally represent
`a score of 6-7.
`Would generally represent
`a score of 8-9, Highly
`resistant does not imply
`the inbred is immune.
`
`5,491,295
`
`8
`ticles. The corn starch and flour have application in the paper
`and textile industries. Other industrial uses include applica-
`tions in adhesives, building materials, foundry binders,
`laundry starches, explosives, oil-well muds, and other min-
`ing applications.
`Plant parts other than the grain of corn are also used in
`industry. Stalks and husks are made into paper and wall-
`board and cobs are used for fuel and to make charcoal.
`
`10
`
`The seed of 3394, the hybrid corn plant produced from the
`seed, and various parts of the hybrid corn plant can be
`utilized for human food,
`livestock feed, and as a raw
`material in industry.
`
`EXAMPLE1
`
`J. Variety Most Closely Resembling:
`
`Character
`Maturity
`Usage
`
`Hybrid
`Pioneer Brand 3379
`Pioneer Brand 3379
`
`*If maximum is greater than 86 degrees fahrenheit, then 86 is used andif
`minimum is less than 50, then 50 is used. Heat units accumulated daily and
`can not beless than 0.
`
`Items B, C, D,E, F, and G are based on a maximum of two
`reps of data primarily from Johnston, Iowa in 1990.
`This invention includes the hybrid corn seed of 3394, the
`hybrid corn plant produced from the hybrid corn seed, and
`variants, mutants, and modifications of 3394. This invention
`also relates to the use of 3394 in producing three-way and
`double cross hybrids.
`The termsvariant, trivial modification, and mutantrefer to
`a hybrid seed where a plant produced by that hybrid seed
`which is phenotypically similar to 3394.
`Asused herein,the term “plant” includes plant cells, plant
`protoplast, plant cell or tissue culture from which corn plants
`can be regenerated, plantcalli, plant clumps andplantcells
`that are intact in plants or parts of plants, such as flowers,
`kemels, ears, cobs, leaves, husks, stalks and the like.
`Tissue culture of corn is described in European Patent
`Application, publication number 160,390,
`incorporated
`herein by reference. Corn tissue culture procedures are also
`described in Green and Rhodes, “Plant Regeneration in
`Tissue Culture of Maize,” Maize for Biological Research,
`(Plant Molecular Biology Association, Charlottesville, Va.
`1982) at 367-372 and in Duncan,et al., “The Production of
`Calius Capable of Plant Regeneration from Immature
`Embryos of Numerous Zea Mays Genotypes,” 165 Planta
`322-332 (1985).
`
`USES OF CORN
`
`Corn is used as human food, livestock feed, and as raw
`material in industry. The food uses of corn, in addition to
`human consumption of corn kernels, include both products
`of dry- and wet-milling industries. The principal products of
`com dry milling are grits, meal and flour. The corn wet-
`milling industry can provide starch, syrups, and dextrose for
`food use. Corn oil is recovered from corn germ, which is a
`by-product of both dry- and wet-milling industries.
`Corn is also used extensively as livestock feed primarily
`to beef cattle, dairy cattle, hogs, and poultry.
`Industrial uses of corn are mainly from corn starch from
`the wet-milling industry and corn flour from the dry-milling
`industry. The industrial applications of corn starch and flour
`are based on functional properties, such as viscosity, film
`formation, adhesive properties, and ability to suspend par-
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`Research Comparisons for Pioneer Hybrid 3394
`
`Comparisons of the characteristics for Pioneer Brand
`Hybrid 3394 were made against Pioneer Brand Hybrids
`3503, 3417, 3398, 3379, 3362, and 3241; Garst Brand
`Hybrid GR8532; and Wyffel Brand Hybrids WYF670 and
`WYF627. These hybrids are grown in the Central and
`Eastern Corn Belt and have similar maturity. Table 1A
`compares Pioneer Brand 3394 to Pioneer Brand 3503. 3394
`has higher yield and grain harvest moisture, but lowertest
`weight than 3503. 3394 is a taller hybrid with higher ear
`placement and flowers (GDU Shed) later than 3503. Com-
`pared to 3503, 3394 has poorer grain appearance,better stay
`green, better resistanceto stalk lodging, but is more suscep-
`tible to root lodging and has fewerbrittle stalks.
`The results in Table 1B compare Pioneer Brand Hybrid
`3394 to Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3417. 3394 has higher yield,
`grain harvest moisture, and test weight than 3417. 3394 is a
`taller hybrid, has higher ear placement, and flowers (GDU
`Shed) later than 3417. 3394 is better agronomically than
`3417, having better grain appearance and stay green, better
`stalk lodging resistance and fewerbrittle stalks, but is more
`susceptible to root lodging.
`Table 1C results show Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3394 is
`higher yielding but has lower grain moisture and test weight
`than Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3398. 3394 has more barren
`plants, but has better seedling vigor and more plants are
`established early than 3398. 3394 is taller and has a higher
`ear placement compared to 3398. 3394 flowers (GDU Shed)
`later than 3398. 3394 has slightly poorer grain appearance
`and is more susceptible to root lodging, but has better stay
`green and more resistance to stalk lodging than 3398.
`The results in Table 1D compare Pioncer Brand Hybrid
`3394 to Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3379. 3394 outyields and has
`higher test weight but slightly lower grain moisture than
`3379, 3394 and 3379 have similar early stand count, but
`3394 has better seedling vigor. 3394 has better stay green
`and is more resistant to stalk and root lodging than 3379.
`Table 1E, comparing Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3394 io
`Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3362, shows 3394 has higheryield,
`grain moisture, and test weight than 3362. 3394is a taller
`hybrid, has higher ear placement, and sheds (GDU Shed)
`later than 3362. 3394 is more susceptible to root lodging, but
`has better stay green and stalk lodging resistance than 3362.
`Table 1F compares Pioneer Brand 3394 to Pioneer Brand
`3241. 3394 has higher yield and test weight and lower grain
`moisture than 3241. 3394 is shorter with lower ear place-
`ment and flowers (GDU Shed) slightly earlier than 3241.
`Compared to 3241, 3394 has poorer grain appearance, more
`susceptibility to stalk lodging, more resistance to root lodg-
`ing, and fewerbrittle stalks.
`
`

`

`5,491,295
`
`9
`Table 1G results show Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3394 has
`higher grain yield but lower grain moisture and test weight
`than Garst Brand Hybrid GR8532. 3394 is significantly
`taller and has a higher ear placement than GR8532. 3394
`flowers (GDU Shed) later than GR8532. 3394 hasbetter stay °
`green and stalk lodging resistance, but is more susceptible to
`root lodging than GR8532.
`Table 1H compares Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3394 to
`Wyffels Brand Hybrid WYF670. 3394 significantly out-
`yields WYF670 but has similar test weight and lower grain
`moisture. 3394 is taller with higher ear placement and
`
`10
`
`10
`flowers (GDU Shed) later than WYF670. Agronomically,
`3394 is better than WYF670, having better grain appear-
`ance, stay green, and stalk and root lodging resistance.
`
`Table 11, comparing Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3394 to
`Wyffels Brand Hybrid WYF627, shows 3394 is higher
`yiciding, has higher test weight, but has lower grain mois-
`ture than WYF627. 3394 is a taller hybrid and has higher ear
`placement than WYF627. 3394 flowers (GDU Shed) later
`than WYF627. 3394 has significantly better stay green and
`stalk lodging resistance compared to WYF627.
`
`TABLE 1A
`VARIETY #1 - 3394
`VARIETY #2 - 3503
`
`BRT
`RT
`STK
`STA
`GRN
`TST
`GDU_
`EAR SDG EST DRP
`PLT
`BU
`BU
`
`
`
`
`
`
`VAR WTA=APPACR ACR MST HT HT VGR CNT EAR SHD GRN LDG LDG STK
`
`
`
`
`ABS % MN ABS
`ABS
`ABS ABS ABS ABS
`ABS
`YEAR
`#
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`
`89
`
`94.4
`89.9
`5.3
`6.2
`59.2
`1345
`97.5
`61.7
`5.9
`46.7
`109.7
`17.0
`156.9 110
`1
`98.3
`83.1
`5.6
`5.8
`61.2
`1310
`98.3
`61.1
`5.9
`43.5
`1048
`17.5
`144.2 102
`2
`3
`7
`4
`9
`9
`3
`5
`7
`4
`3
`3
`9
`9
`9
`LocsS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PROB 087*=525.005# .0O7# 031; 041+ .101 .000# .739 .186 -109 00H 486 724
`1
`163.1
`111
`20.6
`98.2
`456
`70
`60.4
`99.5
`1443
`57.0
`70
`6.6
`90
`°
`94.6
`96.7
`98.7
`2
`146.2 99
`20.3
`91.5
`410
`59
`57.6
`99.8
`1375
`58.7
`76
`44
`90.9
`97.6
`97.5
`LOCS
`182
`182
`182
`97
`97
`103.
`125-123
`60
`180
`124
`99
`175
`37
`9
`PROB
`.000# .0OO0#
`.OO1#
` .000#
` .O00# .000# 000# 029+
` .000#
` 000#
` .000#
` .000#
` 000#
`461
`.086*
`1
`162.8 111
`204
`98.5
`45.7
`69
`605
`99.4
`1438
`57.1
`70
`6.6
`94.4
`96.5
`98.7
`TOTAL
`2
`146.1
`100
`20.1
`91.9
`41.1
`5.9
`57.7
`99.7
`1372
`38.8
`74
`44
`90.6
`97.7
`97.5
`SUM
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`LOCS «132==128191 191 191 100 100 107) 63 189 133 103 182 62 9
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DIFF
`16.7
`11
`0.3
`67
`46
`10
`27
`03
`66
`18
`0.5
`2.2
`3.8
`12
`1.2
`PROB
`.000# .000# .004#
` .000#
` 000# .000# .000# .016+
`000%
` 000#
` 000#
`000
` 000#
`345
`086*
`
`* = 10% SIG
`+= 5% SIG
`#=1% SIG
`
`TABLE 1B
`
`VARIETY#1 - 3394
`VARIETY #2 - 3417
`
`
`
`
`
`BU GDU=TSTBU PLT EAR SDG EST DRP GRN- STA STK RT BRT
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`VAR WTA=APPACR ACR MST HT HT VGR CNT EAR SHD GRN LDG LDG STK
`
`
`
`#
`ABS % MN ABS
`ABS
`ABS ABS ABS ABS
`ABS
`YEAR
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`
`89
`
`97.0
`96.2
`92.0
`5.3
`63
`58.5
`1353
`98.5
`609
`5.8
`48.6
`106.6
`182
`159.7 109
`1
`98.9
`93.6
`81.2
`41
`5.7
`57.7
`1308
`99.2
`61.2
`58
`41.6
`103.4
`179
`154.0 105
`2
`1
`9
`15
`7
`18
`18
`6
`9
`12
`6
`8
`8
`18
`18
`18
`LOCS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PROB 003#=021+174 181 .209 Oli+ 000 862 637 300 133 047+ 009% 124
`
`
`
`1
`164.3 110
`203
`98.6
`454
`7.0
`60.7
`99.6
`90
`1448
`37.0
`7.2
`6.3
`95.1
`96.6
`97.8
`2
`147.7 99
`19.6
`94.8
`37.8
`5.8
`59.0
`99.8
`1392
`36.8
`6.9
`45
`92.1
`99.0
`93.9
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`LOCS «131)—«166Ss161252 252 253 130 130 68 250 161 134 250 80 15
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PROB
`.000# .000# .000#
` .000#
` .000# .000# .000# .028+
` .000#
` O00#
` .009#
` .000#
` O00#
` .002#
` .095*
`1
`164.0 110
`20.2
`99.0
`45.6 70
`60.7
`99.5
`1440
`57.1
`WA
`6.3
`94.9
`96.6
`97.7
`2
`148.1 99
`19.5
`95.3
`38.0
`5.8
`39.2
`99.7
`1385
`56.8
`6.8
`45
`91.4
`98.4
`94.2
`LOCS
`270
`270
`271
`138
`138
`#137)
`«178
`~=6170
`74
`268
`179
`141
`265
`89
`16
`DIFF
`15.8
`10
`07
`3.7
`76°
`#12
`LS
`02
`35
`0.3
`0.3
`18
`3.5
`19
`35
`PROB
`.OOO#
`.00O# .00O#
`000%
` 000F .000# .000# .014+
`000#
`000
`003%
` .000#
` 000#
` 009#
`108
`
`*= 10% SIG
`+=5% SIG
`#=1% SIG
`
`TOTAL
`SUM
`
`TABLE 1C
`
`VARIETY #1 - 3394
`VARIETY #2 - 3398
`
`VAR
`
`BU
`BU
`ACR ACR MST
`
`BAR
`PLT
`
`PLT
`RT
`
`EAR SDG EST DRP
`HT
`VGR CNT EAR
`
`

`

`11
`
`12
`
`5,491,295
`
`89
`
`90
`
`TOTAL SUM
`
`TABLE 1C-continued
`
`YEAR
`#
`ABS %MNABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS ABS ABS ABS
`
`88
`1
`105.1
`115
`193
`90.9
`95.0
`415
`58
`53.5
`100.0
`2
`97.2
`