United States Patent [191
`
`[111 Patent Number:
`
`Chapman
`
`[451 Date of Patent:
`
`5,495,069
`* Feb. 27, 1996
`
`I 1111111111111111 11111 111111111111111 IIIII IIIII 1111111111111111 111111111111
`US005495069A
`
`[54]
`
`INBRED CORN LINE PHTE4
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`[75]
`
`Inventor: Michael A. Chapman, Blue Earth
`County, Minn.
`
`[73] Assignee: Pioneer ID-Bred International Inc.,
`Des Moines, Iowa
`
`[ * ] Notice:
`
`The portion of the term of this patent
`subsequent to Sep. 26, 2012, has been
`disclaimed.
`
`[21] Appl. No.: 414,477
`
`[22] Filed:
`
`Mar. 31, 1995
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`[63] Continuation of Ser. No. 186,730, Jan. 24, 1994.
`Int. Cl.6 ................................ A0lH 1/02; A0lH 5/00
`[51]
`[52] U.S. Cl ................... 800/200; 800/250; 800/DIG. 56;
`47/58; 47/0IG. 1
`[58] Field of Search· ..................................... 800/200, 205,
`800/235, 250, DIG. 56; 435/240.1, 240.4,
`240.47, 240.49, 240.5; 47/58.01, 58.03
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`Green et al. 1975. Crop Science. 15:417-421.
`Hallauer et al. 1988. In Corn and Corn Improvement. Third
`Edition. Sprague et al., eds. Ch. 8:463-564.
`Meghji et al. 1984. Crop Science 24:545-549.
`Wych. 1988. In Com and Com Improvement. Third Edition.
`Sprague et al., eds. Ch. 9:565-607.
`Wright. 1980. In Hybridization of Crop Plants. Fehr et al.,
`eds. Ch. 8:161-176.
`
`Primary Examiner-Gary Benzion
`Assistant Examiner-Erich E. Veitenheimer
`Attorney, Agent, or Finn-Pioneer Hi-Bred International,
`Inc.
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`According to the invention, there is provided an inbred corn
`line, designated PIITE4. This invention thus relates to the
`plants and seeds of inbred com line PIITE4 and to methods
`for producing a com plant produced by crossing the inbred
`line PIITE4 with itself or with another corn plant. This
`invention further relates to hybrid com seeds and plants
`produced by crossing the inbred line PIITE4 with another
`com line or plant.
`
`5,285,004 2/1994 Ambrose ................................. 800/200
`
`1 Claim, 2 Drawing Sheets
`
`Inari Exhibit 1081
`Inari v. Pioneer
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Feb. 27, 1996
`
`Sheet 1 of 2
`
`5,495,069
`
`101
`
`81
`
`41
`
`40
`
`50
`
`70
`60
`REP MEANS
`
`30
`PHTE4 PHJ40
`---------
`B : 0.73
`0.57
`R2 : 0.61
`0.25
`N :
`29
`29
`M : 75.2
`63.2
`OMS: 86.9 243.0
`
`80
`
`90
`
`100
`
`+ PHTE4
`o PHJ40
`-PREDICTED
`-PHTU
`---PHJ40
`
`FIG.1
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Feb. 27, 1996
`
`Sheet 2 of 2
`
`5,495,069
`
`133
`
`113
`
`w.J
`=:)
`
`~93
`t3
`ci2
`~73
`
`53
`
`50
`40
`_ _ PHTE4 PHBW8
`8 : 0.87
`1.10
`R2 : 0.59
`0.69
`N :
`32
`32
`M : 79.7
`90.5
`DMS: 143.3 153.9
`
`0
`
`+
`0
`
`60
`
`+
`
`+
`70
`
`+
`
`+
`
`90
`80
`REP MEANS
`
`100
`
`110
`
`120
`
`130
`
`140
`
`+ PHT£4
`o PHBW8
`-PREDICTED
`-PHTE4
`---PHBW8
`
`FIG.2
`
`

`

`5,495,069
`
`1
`INBRED CORN LINE PHTE4
`
`This is a continuation of copending application Ser. No.
`08/186,730, filed Jan. 24, 1994.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention is in the field of com breeding, specifically
`relating to an inbred com line designated PHTE4.
`
`2
`In general terms this procedure consists of crossing two
`inbred lines to produce the non-segregating F1 generation,
`and self pollination of the F 1 generation to produce the F2
`generation that segregates for all factors for which the inbred
`5 parents differ. An example of this process is set forth below.
`Variations of this generalized pedigree method are used, but
`all these variations produce a segregating generation which
`contains a range of variation for the traits of interest.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`10
`
`EXAMPLE 1
`
`Hypothetical example of pedigree breeding
`program
`
`Consider a cross between two inbred lines that differ for
`alleles at five loci.
`The parental genotypes are:
`
`b C
`A
`a B
`c
`
`e
`d
`D E
`
`FIA
`f/a
`
`d
`b C
`B
`c D
`
`e
`E
`
`F
`f
`
`the F1 from a cross between these two parents is:
`
`A b
`
`C
`
`d
`
`F/a
`
`B
`
`c
`
`D E
`
`Plant Breeding
`Field crops are bred through techniques that take advan- 15
`tage of the plant's method of pollination. A plant is self(cid:173)
`pollinated if pollen from one flower is transferred to the
`same or another flower of the same plant. A plant is
`cross-pollinated if the pollen comes from a flower on a
`different plant.
`Com plants (Zea mays L.) can be bred by both self(cid:173)
`pollination and cross-pollination techniques. Com has sepa-
`rate male and female flowers on the same plant, located on
`the tassel and the ear, respectively. Natural pollination
`occurs in com when wind blows pollen from the tassels to 25 F,
`the silks that protrude from the tops of the incipient ears.
`The development of a hybrid corn variety involves three
`steps: (1) the selection of plants from various germplasm
`pools; (2) the selfing of the selected plants for several
`generations to produce a series of inbred lines, which, 30
`although different from each other, breed true and are highly
`uniform; and (3) crossing the selected inbred lines with
`unrelated inbred lines to produce the hybrid progeny (F1).
`During the inbreeding process in com, the vigor of the lines
`decreases. Vigor is restored when two unrelated inbred lines 35
`are crossed to produce the hybrid progeny. An important
`consequence of the homozygosity and homogeneity of the
`inbred lines is that the hybrid between any two inbreds will
`always be the same. Once the inbreds that give a superior
`hybrid have been identified, the hybrid seed can be repro- 40
`duced indefinitely as long as the homogeneity of the inbred
`parents is maintained.
`The objective of commercial maize inbred line develop(cid:173)
`ment programs is to develop new inbred lines that combine
`to produce high grain yields and superior agronomic per- 45
`formance in hybrid combination. The primary trait breeders
`seek is yield. However, other major agronomic traits are of
`importance in hybrid combination and have an impact on
`yield or otherwise provide superior performance in hybrid
`combinations. Such traits include percent grain moisture at 50
`harvest, relative maturity, resistance to stalk breakage, resis(cid:173)
`tance to root lodging, grain quality, and disease and insect
`resistance. In addition the lines per se must have acceptable
`performance for parental traits such as seed yields, kernel
`sizes, pollen production, all of which affect ability to provide 55
`parental lines in sufficient quantity and quality for hybrid(cid:173)
`ization. Traits have been shown to be under genetic control
`and many if not all of the traits are affected by multiple
`genes. Thus, to be selected as an inbred line, the inbred must
`be able to combine such that the desired traits are passed to 60
`the hybrid and also be able to satisfy production require(cid:173)
`ments as a parental line.
`
`Selfing F 1 will produce an F2 generation including the
`following genotypes:
`
`A
`A
`A
`
`B
`B
`B
`
`D
`c D
`D
`
`E
`e
`e
`
`f/a
`f/a
`f/a
`
`b
`b
`b
`
`C d
`C
`d
`C
`d
`
`F
`e
`E F
`F
`
`The number of genotypes in the F2 is 36 for six segre(cid:173)
`gating loci (729) and will produce (26)-2 possible new
`inbreds, (62 for six segregating loci).
`Each inbred parent which is used in breeding crosses
`represents a unique combination of genes, and the combined
`effects of the genes define the performance of the inbred and
`its performance in hybrid combination. There is published
`evidence (Smith, 0. S., J.S.C. Smith, S. L. Bowen, R. A.
`Tenborg and S. J. Wall, TAG 80:833-840 (1990)) that each
`of these lines are different and can be uniquely identified on
`the basis of genetically-controlled molecular markers.
`It has been shown (Hallauer, Amel R. and Miranda, J. B.
`Of. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding, Iowa State
`University Press, Ames Iowa (1981)) that most traits of
`economic value in maize are under the genetic control of
`multiple genetic loci, and that there are a large number of
`unique combinations of these genes present in elite maize
`germplasm. If not, genetic progress using elite inbred lines
`would no longer be possible. Studies by Duvick and Russell
`(Duvick, D. N. Maydica 37:69-79 (1992); Russell, W. A.
`Maydica XXIX:375-390 (1983)) have shown that over the
`last 50 years the rate of genetic progress in commercial
`hybrids has been between 1 and 2% per year.
`The number of genes affecting the trait of primary eco-
`nomic importance in maize, grain yield, has been estimated
`to be in the range of 10-1000. Inbred lines which are used
`as parents for breeding crosses differ in the number and
`combination of these genes. These factors make the plant
`65 breeder's task more difficult. Compounding this is evidence
`that no one line contains the favorable allele at all loci, and
`that different alleles have different economic values depend-
`
`Pedigree Breeding
`
`The pedigree method of breeding is the mostly widely
`used methodology for new inbred line development.
`
`

`

`5,495,069
`
`5
`
`4
`65,000 hand pollinations per growing season. Thus, one of
`the largest plant breeding programs in the world does not
`have a sufficiently large breeding population to be able to
`rely upon "playing the numbers" to obtain successful
`research results. Nevertheless, Pioneer's breeders at each
`station produce from three to ten new inbreds which are
`proposed for commercial use each year. Over the 32 Pioneer
`research stations in North America, this amounts to from
`about I 00 to 300 new inbreds proposed for use, and less than
`10 50 and more commonly less than 30 of these inbreds that
`actually satisfy the performance criteria for commercial use.
`This is a result of plant breeders using their skills,
`experience and intuitive ability to select inbreds having the
`necessary qualities.
`
`15
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`According to the invention, there is provided a novel
`inbred com line, designated PHTE4. This invention thus
`relates to the seeds of inbred com line PHTE4, to the plants
`of inbred com line PHTE4, and to methods for producing a
`com plant produced by crossing the inbred line PHTE4 with
`itself or another com line. This invention further relates to
`hybrid com seeds and plants produced by crossing the
`inbred line PHTE4 with another com line.
`
`DEFINITIONS
`
`3
`ing on the genetic background and field environment in
`which the hybrid is grown. Fifty years of breeding experi(cid:173)
`ence shows that there are many genes affecting grain yield
`and each of these has a relatively small effect on this trait.
`The effects are small compared to breeders' ability to
`measure grain yield differences in evaluation trials. There(cid:173)
`fore, the parents of the breeding cross must differ at several
`of these loci so that the genetic differences in the progeny
`will be large enough that breeders can develop a line that
`increases the economic worth of its hybrids over that of
`hybrids made with either parent.
`If the number of loci segregating in a cross between two
`inbred lines is n, the number of unique genotypes in the F2
`generation is 3n (Example 2) and the number of unique
`inbred lines from this cross is {(2n)-2}. Only a very limited
`number of these combinations are useful. Only about I in
`10,000 of the progeny from F2's are commercially useful.
`By way of example, if it is assumed that the number of
`segregating loci in F2 is somewhere between 20 and 50, and
`that each parent is fixed for half the favorable alleles, it is 20
`then possible to calculate approximate probabilities of find-
`ing an inbred that has the favorable allele at {(n/2)+m} loci,
`where n/2 is the number of favorable alleles in each of the
`parents and m is the number of additional favorable alleles
`in the new inbred. See Example 2 below. The number m is 25
`assumed to be greater than three because each allele has so
`small an effect that evaluation techniques are not sensitive
`enough to detect differences due to three or less favorable
`alleles. The probabilities in Example 2 are on the order of
`10-5 or smaller and they are the probabilities that at least one 30
`genotype with (n/2)+m favorable alleles will exist.
`To put this in perspective the number of plants grown on
`60 million acres (approximate U.S. com acreage) at 25000
`plants/acre is l.5xl012
`.
`
`EXAMPLE2
`
`Probability of finding an inbred with m of n
`favorable alleles
`
`Assume each parent has n/2 of the favorable alleles and
`only ½ of the combinations of loci are economically useful.
`
`no. of
`segregating
`loci (n)
`
`no. favorable
`alleles in
`Parents (n/2)
`
`no. additional
`favorable alleles
`in new inbred
`
`Probability
`that genotype
`occurs*
`
`20
`24
`28
`32
`36
`40
`44
`48
`
`10
`12
`14
`16
`18
`20
`22
`24
`
`14
`16
`18
`20
`22
`24
`26
`28
`
`3 X 10-S
`2 X 10-5
`1 X 10-5
`8 X 10-6
`5 X 10-•
`3 X 10-•
`2 X 10-6
`1 X 10-•
`
`*Probability that a useful combination exists, does not include the probability
`of identifying tlris combination if it does eJcist.
`
`40
`
`55
`
`The possibility of having a usably high probability of
`being able to identify this genotype based on replicated field
`testing would be most likely smaller than this, and is a
`function of how large a population of genotypes is tested and 60
`how testing resources are allocated in the testing program.
`At Pioneer Hi-Bred International, a typical com research
`station has a staff of four, and 20 acres of breeding nursery.
`Those researchers plant those 20 acres with 25,000 nursery
`rows, 15,000 yield test plots in 10-15 yield test sites, and 65
`one or two disease-screening nurseries. Employing a tem(cid:173)
`porary crew of 20 to 30 pollinators, the station makes about
`
`In the description and examples that follow, a number of
`terms are used herein. In order to provide a clear and
`consistent understanding of the specification and claims,
`including the scope to be given such terms, the following
`35 definitions are provided. ABS is in absolute terms and %
`MN is percent of the mean for the experiments in which the
`inbred or hybrid was-grown.
`BAR PLT=BARREN PLANTS. The percent of plants per
`plot that were not barren (lack ears).
`BRT STK=BRITTLE STALKS. This is a measure of the
`stalk breakage near the time of pollination, and is an
`indication of whether a hybrid or inbred would snap or break
`near the-time of flowering under severe winds. Data are
`45 presented as percentage of plants that did not snap.
`BU ACR=YIELD (BUSHELS/ACRE). Actual yield of
`the grain at harvest in bushels per acre adjusted to 15.5%
`moisture.
`DRP EAR=DROPPED EARS. A measure of the number
`50 of dropped ears per plot and represents the percentage of
`plants that did not drop ears prior to harvest.
`EAR HT=EAR HEIGHT. The ear height is a measure
`from the ground to the highest placed developed ear node
`attachment and is measured in inches.
`EAR SZ=EAR SIZE. A 1 to 9 visual rating of ear size. The
`higher the rating the larger the ear size.
`EST CNT=EARLY STAND COUNT. This is a measure
`of the stand establishment in the spring and represents the
`number of plants that emerge on a per plot basis for the
`inbred or hybrid.
`GDU SHD=GDU TO SHED. The number of growing
`degree units (GDUs) or heat units required for an inbred line
`or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plants
`shedding pollen and is measured from the time of planting.
`Growing degree units are calculated by the Barger Method,
`where the heat units for a 24-hour period are:
`
`

`

`5,495,069
`
`5
`
`GDU
`
`(Max. temp. + Min. temp)
`2
`
`50
`
`5
`
`10
`
`The highest maximum temperature used is 86° F. and the
`lowest minimum temperature used is 50° F. For each inbred
`or hybrid it takes a certain number of GD Us to reach various
`stages of plant development.
`GDU SLK=GDU TO SILK. The number of growing
`degree units required for an inbred line or hybrid to have
`approximately 50 percent of the plants with silk emergence
`from time of planting. Growing degree units are calculated
`by the Barger Method as given in GDU SHD definition.
`GRN APP=GRAIN APPEARANCE. This is a 1 to 9
`rating for the general appearance of the shelled grain as it is
`harvested based on such factors as the color of the harvested
`grain, any mold on the grain, and any cracked grain. High
`scores indicate good grain quality.
`•
`MST=HARVESTMOISTURE. The moisture is the actual
`percentage moisture of the grain at harvest.
`PLT HT=PLANT HEIGHT. This is a measure of the 20
`height of the plant from the ground to the tip of the tassel in
`inches.
`POL SC=POLLEN SCORE. A 1 to 9 visual rating indi(cid:173)
`cating the amount of pollen shed. The higher the score the
`more pollen shed.
`POL WT=POLLEN WEIGHT. This is calculated by dry
`weight of tassels collected as shedding commences minus
`dry weight from similar tassels harvested after shedding is
`complete.
`It should be understood that the inbred can, through 30
`routine manipulation of cytoplasmic factors, be produced in
`a cytoplasmic male-sterile form which is otherwise pheno(cid:173)
`typically identical to the male-fertile form.
`PRM=PREDICTED RM. This trait, predicted relative
`maturity (RM), is based on the harvest moisture of the grain. 35
`The relative maturity rating is based on a known set of
`checks and utilizes standard linear regression analyses and is
`referred to as the Comparative Relative Maturity Rating
`System which is similar to the Minnesota Relative Maturity
`Rating System.
`RT LDG=ROOT LODGING. Root lodging is the percent(cid:173)
`age of plants that do not root lodge; plants that lean from the
`vertical axis at an approximately 30° angle or greater would
`be counted as root lodged.
`SCT GRN=SCATTER GRAIN. A 1 to 9 visual rating 45
`indicating the amount of scatter grain (lack of pollination or
`kernel abortion) on the ear. The higher the score the less
`scatter grain.
`SDG VGR=SEEDLING VIGOR. This is the visual rating
`(1 to 9) of the amount of vegetative growth after emergence 50
`at the seedling stage (approximately five leaves). A higher
`score indicates better vigor.
`SEL IND=SELECTION INDEX. The selection index
`gives a single measure of the hybrid's worth based on
`information for up to five traits. A corn breeder may utilize 55
`his or her own set of traits for the selection index. One of the
`traits that is almost always included is yield. The selection
`index data presented in the tables represent the mean value
`averaged across testing stations.
`STA GRN=STAY GREEN. Stay green is the measure of 60
`plant health near the time of black layer formation (physi(cid:173)
`ological maturity). A high score indicates better late-season
`plant health.
`STK CNT=NUMBER OF PLANTS. This is the final
`stand or number of plants per plot.
`STK LDG=STALK LODGING. This is the percentage of
`plants that did not stalk lodge (stalk breakage) as measured
`
`25
`
`6
`by either natural lodging or pushing the stalks and deter(cid:173)
`mining the percentage of plants that break below the ear.
`TAS BLS=TASSEL BLAST. A 1 to 9 visual rating was
`used to measure the degree of blasting (necrosis due to heat
`stress) of the tassel at time of flowering. A 1 would indicate
`a very high level of blasting at time of flowering, while a 9
`would have no tassel blasting.
`TAS SZ=TASSEL SIZE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used
`to indicate the relative size of the tassel. The higher the
`rating the larger the tassel.
`TAS WT=TASSEL WEIGHT. This is the average weight
`of a tassel (grams) just prior to pollen. shed.
`TEX EAR=EAR TEXTURE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was
`used to indicate the relative hardness (smoothness of crown)
`of mature grain. A 1 would be very soft (extreme dent) while
`15 a would be very hard (flinty or very smooth crown).
`TILLER=TILLERS. A count of the number of tillers per
`plot that could possibly shed pollen was taken. Data is given
`as percentage of tillers: number of tillers per plot divided by
`number of plants per plot,
`TST WT=TEST WEIGHT (UNADJUSTED). The mea(cid:173)
`sure of the weight of the grain in pounds for a given volume
`(bushel).
`TST WTA=TEST WEIGHT ADJUSTED. The measure of
`the weight of the grain in pounds for a given volume
`(bushel) adjusted for percent moisture.
`YLD=YIELD. It is the same as BU ACR ABS.
`YLD SC=YIELD SCORE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used
`to give a relative rating for yield based on plot ear piles. The
`higher the rating the greater visual yield appearance.
`MDM CPX=Maize Dwarf Mosaic Complex (MDMV=
`Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus & MCDV=Maize Chlorotic
`Dwarf Virus): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a "l" is very
`susceptible and a "9" is very resistant.
`SLF BLT=Southern Leaf Blight (Bipolaris maydis, Hel(cid:173)
`minthosporium maydis): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a
`"l" is very susceptible and a "9" is very resistant.
`NLF BLT=Northern Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum,
`H. turcicum): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a "l" is very
`40 susceptible and a "9" is very resistant.
`COM RST=Common Rust (Puccinia sorghi): Visual rat(cid:173)
`ing (1-9 score) where a "l" is very susceptible and a "9" is
`very resistant.
`GLF SPT=Gray Leaf Spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis):
`Visual rating (1-9 score) where a "l" is very susceptible and
`a "9" is very resistant.
`STW WLT=Stewart's Wilt (Erwinia stewartii): Visual
`rating (1-9 score) where a "l" is very susceptible and a "9"
`is very resistant.
`HD SMT=Head Smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana): Percent(cid:173)
`age of plants that did not have infection.
`EAR MLD=General Ear Mold: Visual rating (1-9 score)
`where a "l" is very susceptible and a "9" is very resistant.
`This is based on overall rating for ear mold of mature ears
`without determining specific mold organism, and may not be
`predictive for a specific ear mold.
`ECB DPE=Dropped ears due to European Corn Borer
`(Ostrinia nubilalis): Percentage of plants that did not drop
`ears under second brood com borer infestation.
`ECB 2SC=European Corn Borer Second Brood (Ostrinia
`nubilalis): Visual rating (1-9 score) of post flowering dam(cid:173)
`age due to infestation by European Corn Borer. A "1" is very
`susceptible and a "9" is very resistant.
`ECB lLF=European Corn Borer First Brood (Ostrinia
`65 nubilalis): Visual rating (1-9 score) of pre-flowering leaf
`feeding by European Corn Borer. A "1" is very susceptible
`and a "9" is very resistant.
`
`

`

`5,495,069
`
`7
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF TIIE
`INVENTION
`
`PHTE4 produces hybrids that are high yielding and flower
`early. PHTE4 hybrids have above average seedling vigor, 5
`test weight and staygreen. PHTE4 hybrids also have above
`average resistance to brittle stalks.
`Inbred com line PHTE4 is a yellow, dent com inbred that
`provides an acceptable male parental line in crosses for
`producing first generation F1 com hybrids. PHTE4 also 10
`provides an acceptable female parental line in crosses for
`producing first generation F1 com hybrids. PHTE4 is
`adapted to the North Central region of tlle United States.
`The inbred has shown uniformity and stability within the
`limits of environmental influence for all the traits as 15
`described in the Variety Description Information (Table 1)
`that follows. Most of the data in the Variety Description
`information was collected at Johnston, Iowa. The inbred has
`been self-pollinated and ear-rowed a sufficient number of
`generations with careful attention paid to uniformity of plant
`type to ensure homozygosity and phenotypic stability. The 20
`line has been increased both by hand and in isolated fields
`with continued observation for uniformity. No variant traits
`have been observed or are expected in PHTE4.
`Inbred com line PHTE4, being substantial! y homozygous,
`can be reproduced by planting seeds of the line, growing the 25
`resulting com plants under self-pollinating or sib-pollinating
`conditions with adequate isolation, and harvesting the result-
`ing seed, using techniques familiar to the agricultural arts.
`
`TABLE I
`
`VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
`INBRED = PHTE4
`
`Type: Dent
`
`Region Best Adapted: North Central
`
`A. Maturity: Average across maturity zones.
`
`Heat Unit Shed: 1340
`Heat Unit Silk: 1330
`No. Reps: 35
`
`HEATUNITS
`
`[Max. Temp. (<-86° F.) +
`Min. Temp (>-50° F.)]*
`- - - - -~ 2 - - - - - - 5 0
`
`*If maximum is greater than 86 degrees fahrenheit, then 86
`is used and if minimum is less than 50, then 50 is used.
`Heat units accumulated daily and can not be less than 0.
`B. Plant Characteristics:
`
`Plant height (to tassel tip): 207 cm
`Length of top ear internode: 10 cm
`Number of ears per stalk: Slight, two-ear tendency
`Ear height (to base of top ear): 66 cm
`Number of tillers: None
`Cytoplasm type: Normal
`C. Leaf:
`
`Color: (Bl4) Dark Green
`Angle from Stalk: 30-60 degrees
`Marginal Waves: (WF9) Few
`Number of Leaves (mature plants): 19
`Sheath Pubescebce: (W22) Light
`Longitudinal Creases: (PAll) Many
`Length (Ear node leaf): 64 cm
`Width (widest point, ear node leaf): 7 cm
`D. Tassel:
`
`Number lateral branches: 3
`Branch Angle from central spike: >45 degrees
`Pollen Shed: Heavy based on Pollen Yield Test
`(108% of experiment means)
`Peduncle Length (top leaf to basal branches): 21 cm
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`8
`
`TABLE I-continued
`
`VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORM/uION
`INBRED = PHTE4
`-
`
`Type: Dent
`
`Region Best Adapted: North Central
`
`Anther Color: Purple
`Glume Color: Green
`E. Ear (Husked Ear Data Except When Stated Otherwise):
`
`Length: 14 cm
`Weight: 127 gm
`Mid-point Diameter: 42 mm
`Silk Color: Green
`Husk Extension (Harvest stage): Long (8-10 cm
`beyond ear tip)
`Husk Leaf: short (<8 cm)
`Taper of Ear: Average
`Position of Shank (dry husks): Upright
`Kernel Rows: Straight, Distinct Number= 14
`Husk Color (fresh): Light Green
`Husk Color (dry): Buff
`Shank Length: 10 cm
`Shank (No. of internodes): 8
`F. Kernel (Dried):
`
`Size (from ear mid-point)
`
`Length: 11 mm
`Width: 8 mm
`Thick: 4 mm
`Shape Grade (% rounds): <20 (18% medium round based
`on Parent Test Data)
`Pericarp Color: Colorless
`Aleurone Color: Homozygous Yellow
`Endosperm Color: Yellow
`Endosperm Type: Normal Starch
`Gm Wt/100 Seeds (unsized): 27 gm
`G. Cob:
`
`Diameter at mid-point: 22 mm
`Strength: Strong
`Color: Red
`H. Diseases:
`
`Corn Lethal Necrosis (MCMV = Maize Chlorotic Mottle
`Virus and MDMV = Maize Dwarf Mosaic
`Virus): Resistant
`Carbonum Leaf Blight (H. carbonum): Resistant
`N. Leaf Blight (E. turcicum): Intermediate
`Common Rust (P. sorghi): Resistant
`Gray Leaf Spot (C. zeae): Susceptible
`Stewart's Wilt (E. stewartif): Resistant
`Goss's Wilt (C. Nebraskense): Intermediate
`Common Smut (U. maydis): Highly Resistant
`Head Smut (S. reiliana): Highly Resistant
`Fusarium Ear Mold (F. moniliforme): Intermediate
`Gibberella Ear Rot (G. zeae): Intermedaite
`Insects:
`
`I.
`
`European Corn Borer-I Leaf Damage (Pre-flowering):
`Resistant
`European Corn Borer-2 (Post-flowering): Intermediate
`The above descriptions are based on a scale of 1-9, 1 being
`highly susceptible, 9 being highly resistant.
`S (Susceptible): Would generally represent a score of 1-3.
`I (Intermediate): Would generally represent a score of 4-5.
`R (Resistant): Would generally represent a score of 6-7.
`H (Highly Resistant): Would generally represent a score of
`8-9. Highly resistant does not imply the inbred is immune.
`J. Variety Most Closely Resembling:
`
`Character
`Maturity
`Usage
`
`Inbred
`PHBW8
`PHBW8
`
`PHBW8 (PVP Certificate No. 9200079) is a Pioneer Hi-Bred International,
`Inc. proprietary inbred.
`
`

`

`5,495,069
`
`10
`placement. PHTE4 is an earlier flowering (GDU Shed and
`GDU Silk) inbred compared to PHNV4.
`Table 3C compares PHTE4 to PHJ40. PHTE4 has higher
`yield and grain harvest moisture but lower test weight
`5 compared to PHJ40. PHTE4 has a larger ear and is taller
`with lower ear placement compared to PHJ40. PHTE4
`flowers (GDU Shed and GDU Silk) later than PHJ40.
`PHTE4 has greater pollen weight than PHJ40. PHTE4 has
`fewer scattergrain, better staygreen and better resistance to
`IO ear mold and first brood European com borer than PHJ40.
`The data in Table 3D shows PHTE4 has a higher yield
`than PHT 46. PHTE4 has a larger ear and is taller with higher
`ear placement compared to PHT46. PHTE4 flowers (GDU
`Shed and GDU Silk) later than PHT46. PHTE4 has a
`15 significantly greater pollen weight than PHT46. PHTE4 has
`better ear texture and stay green with better resistance to first
`and second brood European com borer compared to PHT46.
`Table 3E shows PHTE4 has lower yield and grain harvest
`20 moisture but higher test weight compared to PHBW8.
`PHTE4 and PHBW8 have similar ear placement but PHTE4
`is a taller inbred. PHTE4 and PHBW8 shed (GDU Shed)
`pollen at approximately at the same time but PHTE4 silks
`(GDU Silk) earlier than PHBW8. PHTE4 has better first
`25 brood European com borer resistance than PHBW8.
`Table 4A compares PHTE4 to PHNV 4 when both were
`crossed to the same inbred testers. The PHTE4 hybrids have
`higher yield and grain harvest moisture compared to the
`PHNV 4 hybrids. The PHTE4 hybrids have better seedling
`30 vigor and higher early stand count than the PHNV4 hybrids.
`The PHTE4 hybrids are shorter with lower ear placement
`compared to the PHNV4 hybrids.
`Table 4B compares PHTE4 to PHREl when both were
`crossed to the same inbred testers. The hybrids yield simi-
`larly but the PHTE4 hybrids have higher grain harvest
`moisture than the PHREl hybrids. The PHTE4 hybrids have
`better seedling vigor than the PHREl hybrids.
`Table 4C compares PHTE4 to PHBW8 when both were
`crossed to the same inbred testers. The PHTE4 hybrids have
`lower yield and grain harvest moisture compared to the
`PHBW8 hybrids. The PHTE4 hybrids have better grain
`appearance and seedling vigor than the PHBW8 hybrids.
`Table SA compares PHTE4 to PHBW8 when both were
`crossed to the same inbred. The hybrids have similar yield
`45 and test weight but the PHTE4 hybrid has lower grain
`harvest moisture. The PHTE4 hybrid is taller with higher ear
`placement compared to the PHBW8 hybrid.
`Table SB compares PHTE4 to PHREl when both were
`50 crossed to the same inbred. The hybrids yield similarly but
`the PHTE4 hybrid has significantly higher grain harvest
`moisture than the PHREl hybrid. The PHTE4 hybrid has
`better test weight than the PHREl hybrid. The hybrids are
`similar in height but the PHTE4 hybrid has lower ear
`55 placement.
`
`35
`
`40
`
`9
`
`TABLE I-continued
`
`VARJETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
`INBRED = PHTE4
`
`Type: Dent
`
`Region Best Adapted: North Central
`
`Data for Items B, C, D, E, F, and G is based primarily on a maximum of two
`reps from Johnston, Iowa grown in 1992, plus description information from
`the maintaining station.
`
`ELECTROPHORESIS RESULTS
`
`Isozyme Genotypes for PHTE4
`Isozyme data were generated for inbred com line PHTE4
`according to the procedures described in Stuber, C. W.,
`Wendel, J. F., Goodman, M. M., and Smith, J. S. C.,
`"Techniques and Scoring Procedures for Starch Gel Elec(cid:173)
`trophoresis of Enzymes from Maize (Zea mays L.)", Tech(cid:173)
`nical Bulletin No. 286, North Carolina Agricultural
`Research Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh,
`N.C. (1988).
`The data in Table 2 compares PHTE4 with its parents,
`PHN15 and PHJ40.
`
`TABLE 2
`
`ELECTROPHORESIS RESULTS FOR PHTE4
`AND ITS PARENTS PHNIS AND PHJ40
`
`LOCI
`
`ACPI
`ADHl
`CAT3
`DIAi
`GOT!
`GOT2
`GOT3
`IDHI
`IDH2
`MDHl
`MDH2
`MDH3
`MDH4
`MDH5
`MMM
`PGMI
`PGM2
`PGDI
`PGD2
`PHIi
`
`PARENTS
`
`PHTE4
`
`PHNIS
`
`PHJ40
`
`2
`4
`9
`8
`4
`4
`4
`4
`6
`6
`6
`16
`12
`12
`4
`9
`4
`3.8
`5
`4
`
`4
`4
`9
`8
`4
`4
`4
`4
`6
`6
`3.5
`16
`12
`12
`4
`9
`4
`2
`5
`4
`
`2
`4
`9
`8
`4
`4
`4
`4
`6
`6
`6
`16
`12
`12
`4
`9
`4
`3.8
`5
`4
`
`EXAMPLES
`
`INBRED AND HYBRID PERFORMANCE OF
`PHTE4
`
`In the examples that follow, the traits and characteristics
`of inbred com line PHTE4 are given as a line in comparison
`with other inbreds and in hybrid combination. The data
`collected on inbred com line PHTE4 is presented for the key
`characteristics and traits.
`Table 3A compares PHTE4 to PHN15. PHTE4has lower
`yield and grain harvest moisture but higher test weight
`compared to PHNl 5. PHTE4 is a shorter inbred and flowers
`(GDU Shed and GDU Silk) earlier than PHN15.
`The data in Table 3B shows PHTE4 has lower yield and 65
`higher grain harvest moisture than PHNV 4. PHTE4 and
`PHNV 4 have similar plant height but PHTE4 has lower ear
`
`60
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
`
`FIG. 1 compares the yield of PHTE4 and PHJ40. PHTE4
`is higher yielding across all environments compared to
`PHJ40. PHTE4 has above average yield in low yield envi(cid:173)
`ronments but below average yield in high yield environ(cid:173)
`ments whereas PHJ40 has below average yield over all
`environments.
`FIG. 2 compares the yield of PHTE4 and PHBW8.
`PHTE4 is lower yielding than PHBW8 but the differential is
`less in low yield environments.
`
`

`

`11
`
`5,495,069
`
`TABLE 3C
`
`PAIRED INBRED COMPARISON DXI'A
`
`12
`
`DEPT
`
`TOTAL SUM
`
`VAR
`#
`
`1
`2
`L