United States Patent
`Hoftbeck
`
`I 1111111111111111 11111 111111111111111 lllll 111111111111111 111111111111111111
`US005502272A
`
`[19]
`
`[11] Patent Number:
`
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`5,502,272
`Mar. 26, 1996
`
`[54] HYBRID CORN PLANT AND SEED (3563)
`
`[75]
`
`Inventor: Loren J. Hotl'beck, Tipton, Ind.
`
`[73] Assignee: Pioneer ffi-Bred International, Inc.,
`Des Moines, Iowa
`
`[21] Appl. No.: 438,678
`May 10, 1995
`
`[22] Filed:
`
`Sass et al. (1977) Com & Corn Improvement ASA Mono(cid:173)
`graph #18 2nd edition. pp. 89-110.
`
`Primary Examiner-Gary Benzion
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Pioneer Hi-Bred International,
`Inc.
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`[63] Continuation of Ser. No. 649,791, Feb. 1, 1991, abandoned.
`............................... A0lH S/00; A0IH 4/00;
`Int. Cl.6
`[51]
`C12H 5/04
`[52] U.S. Cl . .................. 800/200; 800/250; 800/DIG. 56;
`435/240.4; 435/240.49; 435/240.5
`[58] Field of Search ..................................... 800/200, 205,
`800/250, DIG. 56; 47/58, DIG. 16; 435/240.4,
`240.45, 240.49, 240.5
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`
`PUBLICATIONS
`
`Meghji et al. (1984) Crop Science vol. 24, pp. 545-549.
`Phillips et al. (1988) Corn & Com Improvement ASA
`Monograph #18, 3rd edition. pp. 345-349 & 356-357.
`
`According to the invention, there is provided a hybrid com
`plant, designated as 3563, produced by crossing two Pioneer
`Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred com lines.
`This invention thus relates to the hybrid seed 3563, the
`hybrid plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants,
`and trivial modifications of hybrid 3563. This hybrid com
`plant is characterized by excellent yield potential, good test
`weight, and fast drydown. It performs best from Indiana/
`Ohio West.
`
`4 Claims, No Drawings
`
`Inari Exhibit 1082
`Inari v. Pioneer
`
`

`

`5,502,272
`
`1
`HYBRID CORN PLANT AND SEED (3563)
`
`This application is a continuation of prior application
`Ser. No. 07/649,791, filed Feb. 1, 1991, now abandoned.
`
`FlELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention is in the field of plant breeding, specifically
`hybrid corn breeding.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`The goal of plant breeding is to combine in a single
`variety/hybrid various desirable traits of the parental lines.
`For field crops, these traits may include resistance to dis(cid:173)
`eases and insects, tolerance to heat and drought, reducing the
`time to crop maturity, greater yield, and better agronomic
`quality. With mechanical harvesting of many crops, unifor(cid:173)
`mity of plant characteristics such as germination and stand
`establishment, growth rate, maturity, and fruit size, is impor(cid:173)
`tant.
`Field crops are bred through techniques that take advan(cid:173)
`tage of the plant's method of pollination. A plant is self(cid:173)
`pollinating if pollen from one flower is transferred to the 25
`same or another flower of the same plant. A plant is
`cross-pollinated if the pollen comes from a flower on a
`different plant.
`Plants that have been self-pollinated and selected for type
`for many generations become homozygous at almost all
`gene loci and produce a uniform population of true breeding
`progeny. A cross between two homozygous lines produces a
`uniform population of hybrid plants that may be heterozy(cid:173)
`gous for many gene loci. A cross of two plants each
`heterozygous at a number of gene loci will produce a
`population of hybrid plants that differ genetically and will
`not be uniform.
`Corn plants (Zea mays. L.) can be bred by both self(cid:173)
`pollination and cross-pollination techniques. Corn has male
`flowers, located on the tassel, and female flowers, located on
`the ear, on the same plant. Natural pollination occurs in corn
`when wind blows pollen from the tassels to the silks that
`protrude from the tops of the incipient ears.
`The development of corn hybrids requires the develop- 45
`ment of homozygous inbred lines, the crossing of these
`lines, and the evaluation of the crosses. Pedigree breeding
`and recurrent selection breeding methods are used to
`develop inbred lines from populations. Breeding programs
`combine desirable traits from two or more inbred lines or 50
`various broad-based sources into breeding pools from which
`new inbred lines are developed by selfing and selection of
`desired phenotypes. The new inbreds are crossed-with other
`inbred lines and the hybrids from these crosses are evaluated
`to determine which have commercial potential.
`Pedigree breeding starts with the crossing of two geno(cid:173)
`types, each of which may have one or more desirable
`characteristics that is lacking in the other or which comple(cid:173)
`ment the other. If the two original parents do not provide all
`of the desired characteristics, other sources can be included 60
`in the breeding population. In the pedigree method, superior
`plants are selfed and selected in successive generations. In
`the succeeding generations the heterozygous condition gives
`way to homogeneous lines as a result of self-pollination and
`selection. Typically in the pedigree method of breeding five 65
`or more generations of selfing and selection is practiced.
`F1 ➔F2; F2➔F3 ; F3➔F4; F4➔F5, etc.
`
`20
`
`2
`A hybrid corn variety is the cross of two inbred lines, each
`of which may have one or more desirable characteristics
`lacked by the other or which complement the other. The
`. In the
`hybrid progeny of the first generation is designated F 1
`development of hybrids only the F1 hybrid plants are sought.
`The F 1 hybrid is more vigorous than its inbred parents. This
`hybrid vigor, or heterosis, can be manifested in many ways,
`including increased vegetative growth and increased yield.
`The development of a hybrid corn variety involves three
`10 steps: (1) the selection of superior plants from various
`germplasm pools; (2) the selfing of the superior plants for
`several generations to produce a series of inbred lines, which
`although different from each other, each breed true and are
`highly uniform; and (3) crossing the selected inbred lines
`15 with unrelated inbred lines to produce the hybrid progeny
`) . During the inbreeding process the vigor of the lines
`(F 1
`decreases. Vigor is restored when two unrelated inbred lines
`) . An impor(cid:173)
`are crossed to produce the hybrid progeny (F 1
`tant consequence of the homozygosity and homogeniety of
`the inbred lines is that the hybrid between any two inbreds
`will always be the same. Once the inbreds that give the best
`hybrid have been identified, the hybrid seed can be repro(cid:173)
`duced indefinitely as long as the homogeneity of the inbred
`parents is maintained.
`A single cross hybrid is produced when two inbred lines
`are crossed to produce the F 1 progeny. A double cross
`hybrid, is produced from four inbred lines crossed in pairs
`(AxB and CxD) and then the two F 1 hybrids are crossed
`again (AxB)x(CxD). Much of the hybrid vigor exhibited by
`3° F 1 hybrids is lost in the next generation (F 2
`) . Consequently,
`seed from hybrid varieties is not used for planting stock.
`Hybrid corn seed can be produced by manual detasseling.
`Alternate strips of two inbred varieties of corn are planted in
`35 a field, and the pollen-bearing tassels are removed from one
`of the inbreds (female). Providing that there is sufficient
`isolation from sources of foreign corn pollen, the ears of the
`detasseled inbred will be fertilized only from pollen from the
`other inbred (male), and the resulting seed is therefore
`40 hybrid and will form hybrid plants.
`The laborious detasseling process can be avoided by using
`cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) inbreds. Plants of a CMS
`inbred are fertilized with pollen from another inbred that is
`not male-sterile. Pollen from the second inbred can contrib-
`ute genes that make the hybrid plants male-fertile. Usually
`seed from detasseled normal corn and CMS produced seed
`of the same hybrid is blended to insure that adequate pollen
`loads are available for fertilization when the hybrid plants
`are grown.
`Corn is an important and valuable field crop. Thus, a
`continuing goal of plant breeding is to develop stable high
`yielding corn hybrids that are agronomically sound. The
`reasons for this goal are obvious: to maximize the amount of
`grain produced on the land used and to supply food for both
`55 animals and humans.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`According to the invention, there is provided a hybrid
`corn plant, designated as 3563, produced by crossing two
`Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred com
`lines. This invention thus relates to the hybrid seed 3563, the
`hybrid plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants,
`and trivial modifications of hybrid 3563. This hybrid corn
`plant is characterized by excellent yield potential, good test
`weight, and fast drydown. It performs best from Indiana/
`Ohio West.
`
`

`

`5,502,272
`
`3
`DEFINITIONS
`
`15
`
`25
`
`4
`GDU SHD=GDU TO SHED. The number of growing
`degree units (GDUs) or heat units required for a hybrid to
`have approximately 50 percent of the plants shedding pollen
`and is measured from the time of planting.
`GDU SLK=GDU TO SILK. The number of growing
`degree units required for a hybrid to have approxima~ely 50
`percent of the plants with silk emergence from time of
`planting.
`GRN APP=G/A=GRAIN APPEARANCE. This is a 1 to
`10 9 rating for the general quality of the shelled grain as it is
`harvested based on such factors as the color of the harvested
`grain, any mold on the grain, and any cracked grain. High
`scores indicate good grain quality and low scores indicate
`poor grain quality.
`H/POP=YIELD AT HIGH DENSITY. Yield ability at
`relatively high plant densities on a 1-9 relative rating system
`with a higher number indicating the hybrid responds well to
`high plant densities for yield relative to other hybrids. A 1,
`5, and 9 would represent very poor, average, and very good
`20 yield response, respectively, to increased plant density.
`INCOME/ACRE: Relative income per acre assuming
`drying costs of two cents per point above 15.5 percent
`harvest moisture and market price of $2.25 per bushel.
`L/POP=YIELD AT LOW DENSITY. Yield ability at
`relatively low plant densities on a 1-9 relative system with
`a higher number indicating the hybrid responds well to low
`plant densities for yield relative to other hybrids. A 1, 5, and
`9 would represent very poor, average, and very good yield
`response, respectively, to low plant density.
`MST=MOIST=HARVEST MOISTURE. Harvest mois(cid:173)
`ture is the actual percentage moisture of the grain at harvest.
`MST RM=MOISTURE RM. This represents the Minne(cid:173)
`sota Relative Maturity Rating (MN RM) for the hybrid and
`is based on the harvest moisture of the grain relative to a
`35 standard set of checks of previously determined MN RM
`rating. Linear regression analysis is used to compute this
`rating.
`P/HT=PLANT HEIGHT RATING. This is a 1-9 rating
`with a 1, 5, and 9 representing a very short, average, and
`very tall hybrid, respectively.
`PLT HT=PLANT HEIGHT. This is a measure of the
`height of the plant from the ground to the tip of the tassel in
`inches.
`POP K/ACRE: Plants per 0.001 acre.
`PERCENT WINS: For yield, moisture, income, popula(cid:173)
`tions, stand, roots, and test weight, it would be the percent(cid:173)
`age of comparisons that the hybrid to be patented yielded
`more, had lower harvest moisture percentage, had greater
`income per acre, had better stalks, had better roots, and had
`higher test weight, respectively, in strip tests.
`R/L=ROOT LODGING RATING. A 1-9 rating where a
`higher score indicates less root lodging potential ( 1 is very
`poor, 5 is intermediate, and 9 is very good, respectively, for
`resistance to root lodging).
`ROOT(%): Percentage of plants that did not root lodge
`(lean greater than 30 degrees from vertical) taken on strip
`test plots.
`RT LDG=ROOT LODGING. Root lodging is the percent-
`age of plants that do not root lodge; plants that lean from the
`vertical axis at an approximately 30° angle or greater would
`be counted as root lodged.
`S/L=STALK LODGING RATING. This is a 1-9 rating
`where a higher score indicates less stalk lodging potential (1
`is very poor, 5 is intermediate, and 9 is very good, respec(cid:173)
`tively, for resistance to stalk lodging).
`
`In the description and examples that follow, a number of
`terms are used herein. In order to provide a clear and
`consistent understanding of the specification and claims, 5
`including the scope to be given such terms, the following
`definitions are provided:
`ADVANTAGE=It is the advantage the hybrid to be pat(cid:173)
`ented has compared to another hybrid for yield (bushels per
`acre), moisture (drier is an advantage), income, population,
`stand (plants not stalk lodging is an advantage), roots (plants
`not root lodging is an advantage), and test weight, respec(cid:173)
`tively, in strip tests.
`BAR PLT=BARREN PLANTS. This is the percent of
`plants per plot that were not barren (lack ears).
`B/STK=BRITTLE STALKS RATING. This is a 1-9
`rating where a 1, 5, and 9 represent serious, average, and
`little or no potential for brittle stalk breakage.
`BRT STK=BRITTLE STALKS. This is a measure of the
`stalk breakage near the time of pollination, and is an
`indication of whether a hybrid would snap or break near the
`time of flowering under severe winds. Data are presented as
`percentage of plants that did not snap.
`BU ACR=YIELD (BUSHELS/ACRE). Actual yield of
`the grain at harvest adjusted to 15.5% moisture. ABS is in
`absolute terms and % MN is percent of the mean for the
`experiments in which the hybrid was grown.
`D/D=DRYDOWN. This represents the relative rate at
`which a hybrid will reach acceptable harvest moisture 30
`compared to other hybrids on a 1-9 rating scale. A high score
`indicates a hybrid that dries relatively fast while a low score
`indicates a hybrid that dries slowly.
`D/E=DROPPED EARS RATING. This is a 1-9 rating
`where a 1, 5, and 9 represent serious, average, and little or
`no ear droppage potential, respectively.
`DRP EAR=DROPPED EARS. This is a measure of the
`number of dropped ears per plot and represents the percent(cid:173)
`age of plants that did not drop ears prior to harvest.
`D/T=DROUGHT TOLERANCE. This represents a 1-9
`rating for drought tolerance, and is based on data obtained
`under stress conditions. A high score indicates good drought
`tolerance and a low score indicates poor drought tolerance.
`E/HT=EAR HEIGHT RATING. This is a 1-9 rating with 45
`a 1, 5, and 9 representing a very low, average, and very high
`ear placement, respectively.
`EAR HT=EAR HEIGHT. The ear height is a measure
`from the ground to the top developed ear node attachment
`and is measured in inches.
`EST CNT=EARLY STAND COUNT. This is a measure
`of the stand establishment in the spring and represents the
`number of plants that emerge on a per plot basis for the
`hybrid.
`GDU BL=GDU TO BLACKLAYER. This is the number
`of growing degree units required for the hybrid to reach
`blacklayer from the time that it was planted. Growing degree
`units are calculated by the Barger Method, where the heat
`units for a 24-hour period are:
`
`40
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`GDU
`
`(Max.+ Min.)
`2
`
`-50
`
`The highest maximum used is 86° F. and the lowest
`minimum used is 50° F. For each inbred or hybrid it takes 65
`a certain number of GDUs to reach various stages of plant
`development.
`
`

`

`5,502,272
`
`5
`SDG VGR=SNIG=SEEDLING VIGOR. This is the
`visual rating (1 to 9) of the amount of vegetative growth
`after emergence at the seedling stage (approximately five
`leaves). A higher score indicates better vigor and a low score
`indicates poorer vigor.
`STA GRN=STGR=STAY GREEN. Stay green is the mea(cid:173)
`sure of plant health near the time of black layer formation
`(physiological maturity) using a 1-9 visual rating. A high
`score indicates better late-season plant health and a low
`score indicates poor plant health.
`STAND (%): Percentage of plants that did not break
`(lodge) below the ear taken on strip test plots.
`STK LDG=STALK LODGING. This is the percentage of
`plants that did not stalk lodge (stalk breakage) as measured 15
`by either natural lodging or pushing the stalks and deter(cid:173)
`mining the percentage of plants that break below the ear.
`T/WT=TEST WEIGHT RATING. This is a 1-9 relative
`rating with a 1, 5, and 9 indicating very low, average, and
`very high test weight, respectively.
`TST WTA=TEST WEIGHT. The measure of the weight
`of the grain in pounds for a given volume (bushel) adjusted
`for percent moisture.
`YLD=YIELD FOR MATURITY. This represents a 1-9
`rating for a hybrid's yield potential. 1, 5, and 9 would 25
`represent very poor, average, and very high yield potential,
`respectively, relative to other hybrids of a similar maturity.
`
`5
`
`10
`
`20
`
`6
`-continued
`
`VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
`HYBRID = PIONEER BRAND 3563
`
`Width (widest point, ear node leaf): 11 cm
`D. Tassel:
`Number lateral branches: 3
`Branch Angle from central spike: 30-40 degrees
`Pollen Shed: Heavy (KY21)
`Peduncle Length (top leaf to basal branches): 25 cm
`Anther Color: Pink
`Glume Color: Green
`E. Ear (Husked Ear Data Except When Stated Otherwise):
`Length: 19 cm
`Weight: 205 gm
`Mid-point Diameter: 44 mm
`Silk Color: Salmon
`Husk Extension (Harvest stage): Short (Ears Exposed)
`Husk Leaf: Short ( <8 cm)
`Taper of Ear: Slight
`Position of Shank (dry husks): Upright
`Kernel Rows: Straight, Distinct Number= 16
`Husk Color (fresh): Light Green
`Husk Color (dry): Buff
`Shank Length: 11 cm
`Shank (No. of internodes): 8
`F. Kernel (Dried):
`Size (from ear mid-point)
`
`30
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`INVENTION
`
`Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3563 is a single cross, yellow
`endosperm, dent com hybrid with excellent yield potential.
`It has good test weight, good stalks and roots, and fast
`drydown. 3563 has good stand establishment, good northern
`leaf blight resistance, and excellent Goss' wilt resistance.
`This hybrid has the following characteristics based on the
`descriptive data collected primarily at Johnston, Iowa.
`
`- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 40
`VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
`HYBRID = PIONEER BRAND 3563
`
`12 mm
`Length:
`7 mm
`Width:
`4 mm
`Thick:
`Shape Grade(% rounds): <20
`Pericarp Color: Colorless
`Aleorone Color: Homozygous Yellow
`Endosperm Color: Yellow
`Endosperm Type: Normal Starch
`Gm Wt/100 Seeds (unsiz.ed): 26 gm
`G. Cob:
`Diameter at mid-point: 24 mm
`Strength: Strong
`Color: Red
`35 H. Diseases:
`Com Lethal Necrosis (MCMV = Maize Chlorotic Mottle
`Virus and MDMV = Maize Dwarf Mosaic
`Vlflls): Intermediate
`Common Smut (U. maydis): Highly Resistant
`N. Leaf Blight (E. turcicum): Resistant
`Gray Leaf Spot (C. zeae): Susceptible
`Goss's Wilt (C. nebraskense): Resistant
`Head Smut (S. reiliana): Highly Resistant
`Fusarium Ear Mold (F. moniliforme): Resistant
`Gibberella Ear Rot (G. zeae): Intermediate
`Insects:
`European Com Borer-1 Leaf Damage (Pre-flowering):
`Intermediate
`European Com Borer-2 (Post-flowering): Intermediate
`The above descriptions are based on a scale of 1-9, 1 being
`highly susceptible, 9 being highly resistant.
`S (Susceptible): Would generally represent a score of 1-3.
`I (Intermediate): Would generally represent a score of 4--5.
`R (Resistant): Would generally represent a score of 6--7.
`H (Highly Resistant): Would generally represent a score of
`8-9. Highly resistant does not imply the inbred is immune.
`Variety Most Closely Resembling:
`Character
`Hybrid
`Maturity
`Pioneer Brand 3578
`Usage
`Pioneer Brand 3578
`
`Type:
`
`Dent
`
`Region Best Adapted:
`
`Central
`Com Belt
`
`A. Maturity:
`Minnesota Relative Maturity Rating (harvest moisture): 103
`GDU's to Physiological Maturity (black layer): 2648
`GDU's to 50% Silk: 1415
`
`[Max. Temp. (<....86° F.) +
`GDU's = Min. Temp (>-500 F.)J*
`2
`
`-50
`
`*If maximum is greater than 86 degrees fahrenheit, thee 86 is
`used and if minimum is less than 50, thee 50 is used. Heat
`units accumulated daily and can not be less than 0.
`B. Plant Characteristics:
`Plant height (to tassel tip): 269 cm
`Length of top ear internode: 17 cm
`Number of ears per stalk: Single
`Ear height (to base of top ear): 84 cm
`Number of tillers: None
`Cytoplasm type: Normal
`C. Leaf:
`Color: Dark Greeo (B14)
`Angle from Stalk: 30-60 degrees
`Marginal Waves: Few (WF9)
`Number of Leaves (mature plants): 18
`Sheath Pubescence: Light (W22)
`Longitudinal Creases: Few (OH56A)
`Length (Ear node leaf): 86 cm
`
`I.
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`J.
`
`Items B, C, D, E, F, and Gare based on a maximum of two
`reps of data primarily from Johnston, Iowa in 1990.
`This invention includes the hybrid com seed of 3563, the
`hybrid com plant produced from the hybrid com seed, and
`variants, mutants, and modifications of 3563. This invention
`also relates to the use of 3563 in producing three-way and
`double cross hybrids.
`The terms variant, trivial modification, and mutant refer to
`a hybrid seed where a plant produced by that hybrid seed
`which is phenotypically similar to 3563.
`
`60
`
`65
`
`

`

`5,502,272
`
`8
`The seed of 3563, the hybrid com plant produced from the
`seed, and various parts of the hybrid com plant can be
`utilized for human food, livestock feed, and as a raw
`material in industry.
`
`EXAMPLE 1
`Research Comparisons for Pioneer Hybrid 3563
`
`5
`
`7
`As used herein, the term "plant" includes plant cells, plant
`protoplast, plant cell or tissue culture from which com plants
`can be regenerated, plant calli, plant clumps and plant cells
`that are intact in plants or parts of plants, such as flowers,
`kernels, ears, cobs, leaves, husks, stalks and the like.
`Tissue culture of com is described in European Patent
`Application, publication number 160,390, incorporated
`herein by reference. Com tissue culture procedures are also
`described in Green and Rhodes, "Plant Regeneration in
`Tissue Culture of Maize," Maize for Biological Research, 10
`(Plant Molecular Biology Association, Charlottesville, Va.
`1982) at 367-372 and in Duncan, et al., "The Production of
`Callus Capable of Plant Regeneration from Immature
`Embryos of Numerous Zea Mays Genotypes," 165 Planta
`322-332 (1985).
`
`15
`
`Comparisons of the characteristics for Pioneer Brand
`Hybrid 3563 were made against Pioneer Brand Hybrids
`3615, 3578, and 3475; and DeKalb Brand Hybrid DK535.
`These hybrids are grown in the Western Com Belt and are
`similar maturity. The results in Table IA compare Pioneer
`Brand 3563 to Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3615. 3563 has higher
`yield, grain moisture, and test weight than 3615. 3563 is
`taller in stature, has lower ear placement, and flowers (GDU
`Shed) later than 3615. 3563 has better grain appearance and
`stay green, better resistance to stalk lodging, and is more
`susceptible to root lodging than 3615.
`The results in Table lB, comparing Pioneer Brand Hybrid
`3563 to Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3578, show 3563 has higher
`yield and test weight, but lower grain moisture than 3578.
`3563 has fewer barren stalks and establishes a better early
`stand than 3578. 3563 is a taller hybrid, has lower ear
`placement, and flowers (GDU Shed) later than 3578. 3563
`has better grain appearance and stay green, is more suscep(cid:173)
`tible to stalk and root lodging, and has fewer brittle stalks
`than 3578.
`Table 1 C compares Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3563 to Pioneer
`Brand Hybrid 3475. 3563 and 3475 have similar yield, but
`30 3563 has. lower grain moisture and slightly higher test
`weight than 3475. 3563 is a taller hybrid with lower ear
`placement and flowers (GDU Shed) later than 34 75. 3563 is
`more susceptible to root lodging than 3475.
`Table ID, comparing Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3563 to
`35 DeKalb Brand Hybrid DK535, shows 3563 yields slightly
`higher, has lower grain moisture, and higher test weight than
`DK535. 3563 is taller in stature with higher ear placement
`and flowers (GDU Shed) later than DK535. 3563 has better
`grain appearance and stay green than DK535. 3563 is more
`40 susceptible to stalk lodging, but has better root lodging
`resistance than DK535.
`
`USES OF CORN
`
`Com is used as human food, livestock feed, and as raw
`material in industry. The food uses of com, in addition to 20
`human consumption of corn kernels, include both products
`of dry- and wet-milling industries. The principal products of
`com dry milling are grits, meal and flour. The com wet(cid:173)
`milling industry can provide starch, syrups, and dextrose for
`food use. Com oil is recovered from corn germ, which is a 25
`by-product of both dry- and wet-milling industries.
`Com is also used extensively as livestock feed primarily
`to beef cattle, dairy cattle, hogs, and poultry.
`Industrial uses of com are mainly from corn starch from
`the wet-milling industry and com flour from the dry-milling
`industry. The industrial applications of com starch and flour
`are based on functional properties, such as viscosity, film
`formation, adhesive properties, and ability to suspend par(cid:173)
`ticles. The com starch and flour have application in the paper
`and textile industries. Other industrial uses include applica(cid:173)
`tions in adhesives, building materials, foundry binders,
`laundry starches, explosives, oil-well muds, and other min(cid:173)
`ing applications.
`Plant parts other than the grain of com are also used in
`industry. Stalks and husks are made into paper and wall(cid:173)
`board and cobs are used for fuel and to make charcoal.
`
`TABLE IA
`
`VARIETY ili-3563
`VARIETY #2-3615
`
`YEAR
`
`88
`
`89
`
`90
`
`TOTAL
`SUM
`
`VAR
`#
`
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`DIFF
`PROB
`
`BU
`ACR
`ABS
`
`127.4
`106.3
`21
`.000#
`150.4
`133.6
`45
`.000#
`144.6
`134.2
`100
`.000#
`144.0
`130.5
`166
`13.5
`.000#
`
`BU
`MST
`ACR
`%MN ABS
`
`114
`97
`21
`.OOlil
`106
`94
`45
`.000#
`100
`93
`100
`.000#
`104
`94
`166
`10
`.000#
`
`21.3
`19.l
`21
`.000#
`17.5
`17.5
`45
`.892
`19.9
`18.7
`100
`.000#
`19.4
`18.4
`166
`1.0
`.000/1
`
`BAR
`PLT
`ABS
`
`90.5
`97.0
`3
`.217
`
`90.5
`97.0
`3
`6.4
`.217
`
`PLT
`HT
`ABS
`
`91.9
`85.9
`10
`.002#
`111.5
`105.3
`17
`.000#
`101.9
`94.7
`47
`.000/t
`102.7
`96.0
`74
`6.8
`.00011
`
`EAR
`HT
`ABS
`
`36.6
`37.5
`10
`.382
`45.1
`46.0
`17
`.449
`44.2
`45.3
`47
`.030+
`43.4
`44.4
`74
`1.0
`.018+
`
`SDG
`VGR
`ABS
`
`6.0
`6.4
`13
`.310
`5.6
`6.1
`19
`.256
`5.1
`5.7
`52
`.000/t
`5.4
`5.9
`84
`0.5
`.000#
`
`EST
`CNT
`ABS
`
`59.2
`60.7
`19
`.184
`63.4
`63.7
`24
`.671
`62.2
`60.8
`69
`.010+
`61.9
`61.4
`112
`0.5
`.192
`
`

`

`10
`
`5,502,272
`
`9
`
`TABLE IA-continued
`
`VARIETY #1-3563
`VARIETY #2-3615
`
`GRN
`TST
`GDU
`SHD WTA APP
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`
`1369
`1302
`7
`.000#
`1304
`1257
`13
`.000#
`1377
`1302
`25
`.000#
`1355
`1289
`45
`66
`.000#
`
`57.5
`55.3
`20
`.000#
`58.3
`57.2
`44
`.000#
`56.7
`55.3
`99
`.000#
`57.2
`55.8
`163
`1.4
`.000#
`
`6.9
`6.2
`16
`.053*
`6.5
`6.4
`31
`.543
`6.7
`6.5
`82
`.193
`6.7
`6.4
`129
`0.2
`.037+
`
`STA
`GRN
`ABS
`
`5.5
`2.8
`14
`.000#
`5.3
`2.9
`16
`.000#
`5.2
`1.8
`46
`.000#
`5.3
`2.2
`76
`3.0
`.000#
`
`STK
`LDG
`ABS
`
`89.6
`80.3
`18
`.025+
`93.5
`90.1
`40
`.023+
`92.3
`89.6
`99
`.007#
`92.3
`88.6
`157
`3.7
`.000#
`
`RT
`LDG
`ABS
`
`97.7
`100.0
`2
`.500
`97.5
`99.2
`33
`.102
`93.9
`95.7
`33
`.362
`95.8
`97.5
`68
`1.7
`.097*
`
`BRT
`STK
`ABS
`
`99.5
`100.0
`2
`.500
`99.3
`98.0
`3
`.455
`99.4
`98.8
`5
`0.6
`.539
`
`VAR
`#
`
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`DIFF
`PROB
`
`DRP
`EAR
`ABS
`
`100.0
`99.7
`15
`.223
`99.5
`99.4
`39
`.682
`99.8
`99.7
`68
`.260
`99.7
`99.6
`122
`0.1
`.231
`
`YEAR
`
`88
`
`89
`
`90
`
`TOTAL
`SUM
`
`* = 10% SIG
`+=5% SIG
`#= 1% SIG
`
`TABLE lB
`
`VARIETY #1-3563
`VARIETY #2-3578
`
`BU
`ACR MST
`%MN ABS
`
`110
`101
`22
`.039+
`104
`99
`63
`.001#
`102
`101
`226
`.873
`103
`101
`311
`2
`.015+
`
`20.5
`21.3
`22
`.012+
`18.0
`19.2
`63
`.000#
`20.3
`21.7
`229
`.000#
`19.9
`21.2
`314
`1.3
`.000#
`
`TST
`GDU
`SHD WTA
`ABS
`ABS
`
`1395
`1345
`1
`.001#
`1310
`1265
`18
`.000#
`1388
`1333
`71
`.000#
`1374
`1321
`96
`53
`.000#
`
`57.7
`55.5
`21
`.000#
`58.1
`56.7
`62
`.000#
`56.6
`55.0
`228
`.000#
`57.0
`55.4
`311
`1.6
`.000#
`
`BAR
`PLT
`ABS
`
`93.0
`89.1
`2
`.265
`
`93.0
`89.1
`2
`4.0
`.265
`
`GRN
`APP
`ABS
`
`6.7
`6.0
`22
`.166
`6.6
`5.7
`41
`.000#
`6.4
`5.9
`162
`.000#
`6.5
`5.8
`225
`0.6
`.000#
`
`VAR
`#
`
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`DIFF
`PROB
`
`VAR
`#
`
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`DIFF
`PROB
`
`BU
`ACR
`ABS
`
`125.6
`114.7
`22
`.010+
`148.8
`141.7
`63
`.001#
`147.7
`147.8
`226
`.907
`146.3
`144.2
`311
`2.1
`.028+
`
`DRP
`EAR
`ABS
`
`100.0
`99.6
`17
`.029+
`99.5
`98.3
`46
`.000#
`99.7
`99.3
`176
`.000#
`99.7
`99.1
`239
`0.6
`.000#
`
`PLT
`HT
`ABS
`
`85.5
`78.5
`9
`.002#
`115.1
`110.3
`24
`.000#
`101.5
`97.1
`105
`.000#
`102.8
`98.2
`138
`4.6
`.000#
`
`STA
`ORN
`ABS
`
`5.1
`4.5
`12
`.215
`5.2
`5.0
`23
`.592
`5.1
`4.9
`113
`.058*
`5.1
`4.9
`148
`0.3
`.023+
`
`EAR
`HT
`ABS
`
`35.0
`36.0
`9
`.386
`46.9
`46.7
`24
`.796
`42.7
`43.7
`105
`.014+
`43.0
`43.7
`138
`0.8
`.018+
`
`STK
`LDG
`ABS
`
`87.1
`94.0
`20
`.032+
`91.2
`94.0
`58
`.001#
`91.8
`93.3
`227
`.006#
`91.4
`93.5
`305
`2.1
`.000#
`
`SDG
`VGR
`ABS
`
`5.8
`6.1
`11
`.295
`5.1
`5.8
`31
`.790
`5.1
`5.4
`132
`.011+
`5.3
`5.5
`174
`0.2
`.011+
`
`RT
`LDG
`ABS
`
`98.5
`99.0
`3
`.794
`97.6
`98.3
`35
`.520
`96.1
`96.3
`80
`.773
`96.6
`97.0
`118
`0.3
`.560
`
`EST
`CNT
`ABS
`
`58.6
`58.2
`16
`.576
`61.4
`60.2
`39
`.185
`59.3
`55.0
`163
`.000#
`59.6
`56.2
`218
`3.4
`.000#
`
`BRT
`STK
`ABS
`
`99.5
`99.0
`2
`.500
`98.8
`96.5
`11
`.046+
`98.9
`96.9
`13
`2.0
`.038+
`
`YEAR
`
`88
`
`89
`
`90
`
`TOTAL
`SUM
`
`YEAR
`
`88
`
`89
`
`90
`
`TOTAL
`SUM
`
`

`

`5,502,272
`
`12
`
`11
`
`TABLE lB-continued
`
`VARIETY #1-3563
`VARIETY #2-3578
`
`TABLE lC
`
`VARIETY #1-3563
`VARIETY #2-3475
`
`VAR
`#
`
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`DIFF
`PROB
`
`VAR
`#
`
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`DIFF
`PROB
`
`BU
`ACR
`ABS
`
`127.2
`113.5
`27
`.006#
`148.4
`148.0
`65
`.872
`147.7
`150.4
`206
`.021+
`146.0
`146.5
`298
`0.5
`.609
`
`DRP
`EAR
`ABS
`
`100.0
`99.4
`21
`.032+
`99.5
`98.8
`47
`.008#
`99.8
`99.4
`132
`.001#
`99.7
`99.3
`200
`0.5
`.000/1
`
`BU
`ACR MST
`%MN ABS
`
`110
`100
`27
`.041+
`103
`103
`65
`.907
`101
`102
`206
`.050*
`102
`102
`298
`0
`.939
`
`21.1
`22.1
`27
`.002#
`18.2
`20.5
`65
`.000#
`20.0
`21.4
`206
`.000#
`19.7
`21.2
`298
`1.5
`.000#
`
`TST
`GDU
`SHD WTA
`ABS
`ABS
`
`138.9
`136.5
`9
`.027+
`131.1
`128.2
`17
`.003#
`136.6
`132.8
`59
`.000#
`1357
`1323
`85
`34
`.000#
`
`57.3
`56.6
`26
`.002#
`57.9
`57.9
`64
`.918
`56.7
`56.3
`205
`.000#
`57.0
`56.7
`295
`0.3
`.000#
`
`BAR
`PLT
`ABS
`
`90.5
`92.2
`3
`.735
`
`90.5
`92.2
`3
`1.6
`.735
`
`GRN
`APP
`ABS
`
`6.7
`6.6
`22
`.882
`6.4
`6.7
`43
`.099*
`6.6
`6.5
`167
`.545
`6.5
`6.6
`232
`0.0
`.882
`
`PLT
`Hf
`ABS
`
`90.4
`77.4
`12
`.000#
`115.3
`104.5
`25
`.000#
`101.3
`94.3
`96
`.000#
`102.9
`94.7
`133
`8.3
`.000#
`
`STA
`GRN
`ABS
`
`5.3
`5.0
`16
`.584
`5.3
`5.5
`24
`.570
`5.0
`4.7
`111
`.064*
`5.1
`4.9
`151
`0.2
`.122
`
`EAR
`Hf
`ABS
`
`36.3
`35.1
`12
`.476
`47.3
`46.9
`25
`.591
`45.2
`46.0
`96
`.036+
`44.8
`45.2
`133
`0.4
`.251
`
`STK
`LDG
`ABS
`
`88.2
`90.7
`24
`.267
`90.4
`90.7
`59
`.780
`91.2
`90.5
`204
`.205
`90.8
`90.6
`287
`0.3
`.617
`
`SDG
`VGR
`ABS
`
`5.9
`6.0
`15
`.923
`5.7
`5.9
`29
`.622
`5.1
`5.4
`105
`.025+
`5.3
`5.5
`149
`0.2
`.044+
`
`RT
`LDG
`ABS
`
`98.5
`99.6
`3
`.423
`97.6
`98.6
`34
`.379
`95.7
`97.3
`53
`.166
`96.5
`97.8
`90
`1.4
`.089*
`
`EST
`CNT
`ABS
`
`59.2
`57.6
`19
`.070*
`61.9
`61.7
`41
`.807
`60.1
`58.4
`142
`.000#
`60.4
`59.0
`202
`1.4
`.000#
`
`BRT
`STK
`ABS
`
`99.5
`99.0
`2
`.500
`98.7
`98.3
`10
`.659
`98.8
`98.4
`12
`0.4
`.571
`
`* = 10% SIG
`+ = 5% SIG
`#=!%SIG
`
`YEAR
`
`88
`
`89
`
`90
`
`TOTAL
`SUM
`
`YEAR
`
`88
`
`89
`
`90
`
`TOTAL
`SUM
`
`* = 10% SIG
`+=5% SIG
`#= 1% SIG
`
`TABLE 1D
`
`VARIETY #1-3563
`VARIETY #2-DK535
`
`YEAR
`
`89
`
`90
`
`TOTAL
`
`VAR
`#
`
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`I
`
`BU
`ACR
`ABS
`
`141.7
`134.0
`11
`.338
`145.1
`143.7
`140
`.242
`144.9
`
`PLT
`BU
`ACR MST Hf
`%MN ABS
`ABS
`
`EAR
`Hf
`ABS
`
`104
`98
`11
`.341
`100
`99
`140
`.205
`100
`
`21.2
`22.0
`11
`.096*
`19.7
`20.0
`141
`.049+
`19.8
`
`123.4
`113.7
`6
`.001#
`101.6
`96.4
`61
`,000#
`103.5
`
`50.5
`48.3
`6
`.258
`43.8
`43.5
`61
`.539
`44.4
`
`SDG
`VGR
`ABS
`
`4.9
`5.7
`5
`.IOI
`5.0
`5.5
`76
`.001#
`5.0
`
`EST
`CNT
`ABS
`
`57.1
`57.6
`9
`.708
`60.5
`58.6
`100
`.001#
`60.3
`
`DRP
`EAR
`ABS
`
`100.0
`99.0
`11
`.034+
`99.8
`99.7
`105
`.143
`99.8
`
`

`

`5,502,272
`
`14
`
`13
`
`TABLE ID-continued
`
`VARIETY #1-3563
`VARIETY #2-DK535
`
`SUM
`
`2
`LOCS
`DIFF
`PROB
`
`143.0
`151
`1.9
`.134
`
`YEAR
`
`89
`
`90
`
`TOTAL
`SUM
`
`VAR
`#
`
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`1
`2
`LOCS
`PROB
`l
`2
`LOCS
`DIFF
`PROB
`
`99
`151
`1
`.112
`
`GDU
`SHD
`ABS
`
`1329
`1295
`4
`.215
`1392
`1346
`36
`.000#
`1392
`1341
`40
`52
`.000#
`
`20.2
`152
`0.3
`.020+
`
`98.0
`67
`5.6
`.000#
`
`GDU
`TST
`SLK W