United States Patent [19J
`Keaschall
`
`I 1111111111111111 11111 111111111111111 111111111111111 IIIII IIIIII Ill lllll llll
`US005506367A
`5,506,367
`[lll Patent Number:
`[ 45] Date of Patent:
`Apr. 9, 1996
`
`[54]
`
`INBRED CORN LINE PHP38
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`
`PUBLICATIONS
`
`[75]
`
`Inventor: Joseph W. Keaschall, Sharpsville, Ind.
`
`[73] Assignee: Pioneer m-Bred International, Inc.,
`Des Moines, Iowa
`
`[21] Appl. No.: 996,378
`
`[22] Filed:
`
`Dec. 23, 1992
`
`Phillips et al. (1988) Cell/fissue Culture and In Vitro
`Manipulation: In corn & com Improvement. Ed. Spragur et
`al. pp. 345-387.
`
`Primary Examiner-Gary Benzion
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Michael J. Roth; Nina L. Pearl(cid:173)
`mutter
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`[51]
`
`[63] Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 542,364, Jun. 20, 1990,
`abandoned.
`Int. Cl.6 ............................. A0IH 5/00; A0lH 11/00;
`C12H 5/04
`[52] U.S. Cl ................... 800/200; 800/250; 800/DIG. 56;
`435/240.4; 435/240.45; 435/240.49
`[58] Field of Search ..................................... 800/200, 250,
`800/DIG. 56; 47/58.03, 58.05; 435/172.2,
`240.4, 240.85, 240.49
`
`According to the invention, there is provided an inbred com
`line, designated PHP38. This invention thus relates to the
`plants and seeds of inbred com line PHP38 and to methods
`for producing a corn plant produced by crossing the inbred
`line PHP38 with itself or with another corn plant. This
`invention further relates to hybrid corn seeds and plants
`produced by crossing the inbred line PHP38 with another
`corn line or plant and to crosses with related species.
`
`6 Claims, No Drawings
`
`Inari Exhibit 1083
`Inari v. Pioneer
`
`

`

`5,506,367
`
`1
`INBRED CORN LINE PHP38
`
`This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.
`07/542,364 filed on Jun. 20, 1990 now abandoned.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention is in the field of com breeding, specifically
`relating to an inbred com line designated PHP38.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`5
`
`10
`
`2
`Backcrossing can be used to improve an inbred line.
`Backcrossing transfers a specific desirable trait from one
`inbred or source to an inbred that lacks that trait. This can be
`accomplished for example by first crossing a superior inbred
`(A) (recurrent parent) to a· donor inbred (non-recurrent
`parent), which carries the appropriate gene(s) for the trait in
`question. The progeny ofthis cross is then mated back to the
`superior recurrent parent (A) followed by selection in the
`resultant progeny for the desired trait to be transferred from
`the non-recurrent parent. After five or more backcross gen(cid:173)
`erations with selection for the desired trait, the progeny will
`be heterozygous for loci controlling the characteristic being
`transferred, but will be like the superior parent for most or
`almost all other genes. The last backcross generation would
`be selfed to give pure breeding progeny for the gene(s) being
`transferred.
`A single cross hybrid com variety is the cross of two
`inbred lines, each of which has a genotype which comple(cid:173)
`ments the genotype of the other. The hybrid progeny of the
`first generation is designated F 1 . In the development of
`hybrids only the F 1 hybrid plants are sought. Preferred F
`hybrids are more vigorous than their inbred parents. This
`hybrid vigor, or heterosis, can be manifested in many
`polygenic traits, including increased vegetative growth and
`increased yield.
`The development of a hybrid com variety involves three
`steps: (1) the selection of plants from various germplasm
`pools; (2) the selfing of the selected plants for several
`generations to produce a series of inbred lines, which,
`30 although different from each other, each breed true and are
`highly uniform; and (3) crossing the selected inbred lines
`with unrelated inbred lines to produce the hybrid progeny
`(F1). During the inbreeding process in com, the vigor of the
`lines decreases. Vigor is restored when two unrelated inbred
`lines are crossed to produce the hybrid progeny (F1). An
`important consequence of the homozygosity and homoge(cid:173)
`neity of the inbred lines is that the hybrid between any two
`inbreds will always be the same. Once the inbreds that give
`a superior hybrid have been identified, the hybrid seed can
`40 be reproduced indefinitely as long as the homogeneity of the
`inbred parents is maintained.
`A single cross hybrid is produced when two inbred lines
`are crossed to produce the F 1 progeny. A double cross hybrid
`is produced from four inbred lines crossed in pairs (AxB and
`45 CxD) and then the two F 1 hybrids are crossed again (AxB)x
`(CxD). Much of the hybrid vigor exhibited by F 1 hybrids is
`lost in the next generation (F2 ). Consequently, seed from
`hybrid varieties is not used for planting stock.
`Com is an important and valuable field crop. Thus, a
`continuing goal of plant breeders is to develop high-yielding
`com hybrids that are agronomically sound based on stable
`inbred lines. The reasons for this goal are obvious: to
`maximize the amount of grain produced with the inputs used
`and minimize susceptibility to environmental stresses. To
`55 accomplish this goal, the com breeder must select and
`develop superior inbred parental lines for producing hybrids.
`This requires identification and selection of genetically
`unique individuals which in a segregating population occur
`as the result of a combination of crossover events plus the
`independent assortment of specific combinations of alleles at
`many gene loci which results in specific genotypes. Based
`on the number of segregating genes, the frequency of
`occurrence of an individual with a specific genotype is less
`than 1 in 10,000. Thus, even if the entire genotype of the
`parents has been characterized and the desired genotype is
`known, only a few if any individuals having the desired
`genotype may be found in a large F2 or S0 population.
`
`15
`
`35
`
`The goal of plant breeding is to combine in a single
`variety/hybrid various desirable traits. For field crops, these
`traits may include resistance to diseases and insects, toler(cid:173)
`ance to heat and drought, reducing the time to crop maturity,
`greater yield, and better agronomic quality. With mechanical
`harvesting of many crops, uniformity of plant characteristics
`such as germination and stand establishment, growth rate, 20
`maturity, and fruit size, is important.
`Field crops are bred through techniques that take advan(cid:173)
`tage of the plant's method of pollination. A plant is self(cid:173)
`pollinated if pollen from one flower is transferred to the
`same or another flower of the same plant. A plant is 25
`cross-pollinated if the pollen comes from a flower on a
`different plant.
`Plants that have been self-pollinated and selected for type
`for many generations become homozygous at almost all
`gene loci and produce a uniform population of true breeding
`progeny. A cross between two homozygous lines produce a
`uniform population of hybrid plants that may be heterozy(cid:173)
`gous for many gene loci. A cross of two plants each
`heterozygous at a number of gene loci will produce a
`population of hybrid plants that differ genetically and will
`not be uniform.
`Com plants (Zea mays L.) can be bred by both self(cid:173)
`pollination and cross-pollination techniques. Com has sepa(cid:173)
`rate male and female flowers on the same plant, located on
`the tassel and the ear, respectively. Natural pollination
`occurs in com when wind blows pollen from the tassels to
`the silks that protrude from the tops of the incipient ears.
`The development of com hybrids requires the develop(cid:173)
`ment of homozygous inbred lines, the crossing of these
`lines, and the evaluation of the crosses. Pedigree breeding
`and recurrent selection breeding methods are used to
`develop inbred lines from breeding populations. Breeding
`programs combine the genetic backgrounds from two or
`more inbred lines or various other broad-based sources into 50
`breeding pools from which new inbred lines are developed
`by selfing and selection of desired phenotypes. The new
`inbreds are crossed with other inbred lines and the hybrids
`from these crosses are evaluated to determine which of those
`have commercial potential.
`Pedigree breeding starts with the crossing of two geno(cid:173)
`types, each of which may have one or more desirable
`characteristics that is lacking in the other or which comple(cid:173)
`ment the other. If the two original parents do not provide all
`of the desired characteristics, other sources can be included 60
`in the breeding population. In the pedigree method, superior
`plants are selfed and selected in successive generations. In
`the succeeding generations the heterozygous condition gives
`way to homogeneous lines as a result of self-pollination and
`selection. Typically in the pedigree method of breeding five 65
`or more generations of selfing and selection is practiced:
`F1 ➔F2; F2➔F3 ; F3➔F4; F4➔F5, etc.
`
`

`

`3
`Typically, however, the genotype of neither the parents nor
`the desired genotype is known in any detail.
`
`4
`
`GDU
`
`(Max. temp. + Min. temp)
`2
`
`50
`
`5,506,367
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`According to the invention, there is provided a novel
`inbred com line, designated PHP38. This invention thus
`relates to the seeds of inbred com line PHP38, to the plants
`of inbred com line PHP38, and to methods for producing a
`com plant produced by crossing the inbred line PHP38 with
`itself or another corn line. This invention further relates to
`hybrid com seeds and plants produced by crossing the
`inbred line PHP38 with another com line or a related
`species.
`
`DEFINlTIONS
`
`5
`
`15
`
`The highest maximum temperature used is 86° F. and the
`lowest minimum temperature used is 50° F. For each inbred
`.or hybrid it takes a certain number of GD Us to reach various
`stages of plant development.
`GDU SLK=GDU TO SILK. The number of growing
`10 degree units required for an inbred line or hybrid to have
`approximately 50 percent of the plants with silk emergence
`from time of planting. Growing degree units are calculated
`by the Barger Method as given in GDU SHD definition.
`GRN QUL=GRAIN QUALITY. This is a 1 to 9 rating for
`the general quality of the shelled grain as it is harvested
`based on such factors as the color of the harvested grain, any
`mold on the grain, and any cracked grain. High scores
`indicate good grain quality.
`MST=HARVEST MOISTURE. The moisture is the actual
`percentage moisture of the grain at harvest.
`PLT HT=PLANT HEIGHT. This is a measure of the
`height of the plant from the ground to the tip of the tassel in
`inches.
`POL SC=POLLEN SCORE. A 1 to 9 visual rating indi-
`25 eating the amount of pollen shed. The higher the score the
`more pollen shed.
`PRM=PREDICTED RM. This trait, predicted relative
`maturity (RM), is based on the harvest moisture of the grain.
`The relative maturity rating is based on a known set of
`30 checks and utilizes standard linear regression analyses and is
`referred to as the Minnesota Relative Maturity Rating Sys(cid:173)
`tem.
`RT LDG=ROOT LODGING. Root lodging is the percent(cid:173)
`age of plants that do not root lodge; plants that lean from the
`35 vertical axis at an approximately 30° angle or greater would
`be counted as root lodged.
`SCT GRN=SCATTER GRAIN. A 1 to 9 visual rating
`indicating the amount of scatter grain (lack of pollination or
`kernel abortion) on the ear. The higher the score the less
`40 scatter grain.
`SDG VGR=SEEDLING VIGOR. This is the visual rating
`(1 to 9) of the amount of vegetative growth after emergence
`at the seedling stage (approximately five leaves). A higher
`score indicates better vigor.
`SEL IND=SELECTION INDEX. The selection index
`gives a single measure of the hybrid's worth based on
`information for up to five traits. A com breeder may utilize
`his or her own set of traits for the selection index. One of the
`traits that is almost always included is yield. The selection
`index data presented in the tables represent the mean value
`averaged across testing stations.
`STA GRN=STAY GREEN. Stay green is the measure of
`plant health near the time of black layer formation (physi(cid:173)
`ological maturity). A high score indicates better late-season
`55 plant health.
`STK CNT=NUMBER OF PLANTS. This is the final
`stand or number of plants per plot.
`STK LDG=STALK LODGING. This is the percentage of
`plants that did not stalk lodge (stalk breakage) as measured
`by either natural lodging or pushing the stalks and deter(cid:173)
`mining the percentage of plants that break below the ear.
`TAS BLS=TASSEL BLAST. A 1 to 9 visual rating was
`used to measure the degree of blasting (necrosis due to heat
`stress) of the tassel at time of flowering. A 1 would indicate
`a very high level of blasting at time of flowering, while a 9
`would have no tassel blasting.
`
`20
`
`In the description and examples that follow, a number of
`terms are used herein. In order to provide a clear and
`consistent understanding of the specification and claims,
`including the scope to be given such terms, the following
`definitions are provided:
`ABS=absolute measurement and % MN is percentage of
`mean of the experiments in which inbread or hybrid was
`grown unless otherwise defined.
`BAR PLT=BARREN PLANTS. This is the percent of
`plants per plot that were not barren (lack ears).
`BRT STK=BRITTLE STALKS. This is a measure of the
`stalk breakage near the time of pollination, and is an
`indication of whether a hybrid or inbred would snap or break
`near the time of flowering under severe winds. Data are
`presented as percentage of plants that did not snap.
`BU ACR=YIELD (BUSHELS/ACRE). Actual yield of
`the grain at harvest adjusted to 15.5% moisture. ABS is in
`absolute terms and % MN is percent of the means for the
`experiments in which the inbred or hybrid was grown.
`CLD TST=COLD TEST. This is the percentage of kernels
`that germinate under cold soil conditions.
`COB SC=COB SCORE. The cob score is a rating of how
`well the grain is shelled off the cob and how badly the cob
`is broken up going through the combine. This is given as a 45
`1 to 9 score with 9 being very good. A high score indicates
`that the grain shells off of the cob well, and the cob does not
`break.
`DRP EAR=DROPPED EARS. This is a measure of the
`number of dropped ears per plot and represents the percent(cid:173)
`age of plants that did not drop ears prior to harvest.
`EAR HT=EAR HEIGHT. The ear height is a measure
`from the ground to the top developed ear node attachment
`and is measured in inches.
`EAR SZ=EAR SIZE. A 1 to 9 visual rating of ear size. The
`higher the rating the larger the ear size.
`EST CNT=EARLY STAND COUNT. This is a measure
`of the stand establishment in the spring and represents the
`number of plants that emerge on a per plot basis for the 60
`inbred or hybrid.
`GDU SHD=GDU TO SHED. The number of growing
`degree units (GDUs) or heat units required for an inbred line
`or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plants
`shedding pollen and is measured from the time of planting. 65
`Growing degree units are calculated by the Barger Method,
`where the heat units for a 24-hour period are:
`
`50
`
`

`

`5,506,367
`
`5
`TAS SZ=TASSEL SIZE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used
`to indicate the relative size of the tassel. The higher the
`rating the larger the tassel.
`TAS WT=TASSEL WEIGHT. This is the average weight
`of a tassel (grams) just prior to pollen shed.
`TEX EAR=EAR TEXTURE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was
`used to indicate the relative hardness (smoothness of crown)
`of mature grain. A 1 would be very soft (extreme dent) while
`a 9 would be very hard (flinty or very smooth crown).
`TILLER=TILLERS. A count of the number of tillers per
`plot that could possibly shed pollen was taken. Data is given
`as percentage of tillers: number of tillers per plot divided by
`number of plants per plot.
`TST WT=TEST WEIGHT UNADJUSTED. The measure
`of the weight of the grain in pounds for a given volume
`(bushel).
`TST WTA=TEST WEIGHT ADJUSTED. The measure of
`the weight of the grain in pounds for a given volume
`(bushel) adjusted for percent moisture.
`YLD==YIELD. It is the same as BU ACR ABS.
`YLD SC==YIELD SCORE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used
`to give a relative rating for yield based on plot ear piles. The
`higher the rating the greater visual yield appearance.
`MDM CPX=Maize Dwarf Mosaic Complex (MDMV==
`Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus & MCDV=Maize Chlorotic
`Dwarf Virus): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a "1" is very
`susceptible and a "9" is very resistant.
`COM SMT=Common Smut (Ustilago maydis): Percent(cid:173)
`age of plants that did not have infection.
`SLF BLT Southern Leaf Blight (Bipolaris maydis, Hel(cid:173)
`minthosporium maydis): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a
`"l" is very susceptible and a "9" is very resistant.
`NLF BLT==Northem Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum,
`H. turcicum): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a "1" is very
`susceptible and a "9" is very resistant.
`COM RST=Common Rust (Puccinia sorghi): Visual rat(cid:173)
`ing (1-9 score) where a "l" is very susceptible and a "9" is
`very resistant.
`EYE SPT=Eyespot (Kabatiella zeae): Visual rating (1-9
`score) where a "1" is very susceptible and a "9" is very
`resistant.
`GLF SPT=Gray Leaf Spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis):
`Visual rating (1-9 score) where a "1" is very susceptible and
`a "9" is very resistant.
`STW WLT==Stewart's Wilt (Erwinici stewartii): Visual
`rating (1-9 score) where a "1" is very susceptible and a "9"
`is very resistant.
`HD SMT=Head Smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana): Percent(cid:173)
`age of plants that did not have infection.
`
`6
`EAR MLD=General Ear Mold: Visual rating (1-9 score)
`where a "1" is very susceptible and a "9" is very resistant.
`This is based on overall rating for ear mold of mature ears
`without determining specific mold organism, and may not be
`5 predictive for a specific ear mold.
`ECB DPE=Dropped ears due to European Com Borer
`(Ostrinia nubilalis): Percentage of plants that did not drop
`ears under second brood com borer infestation.
`ECB 2SC==European Com Borer Second Brood (Ostrinia
`10 nubilalis): Visual rating (1-9 score) of post flowering dam(cid:173)
`age due to infestation by European Com Borer. A "1" is very
`susceptible and a "9" is very resistant.
`ECB lLF==European Com Borer First Brood (Ostrinia
`nubilalis): Visual rating (1-9 score) of pre-flowering leaf
`15 feeding by European Com Borer. A "1" is very susceptible
`and a "9" is very resistant.
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`INVENTION
`
`20
`
`Inbred com line PHP38 is a yellow, dent com inbred that
`provides an acceptable male or female parental line in
`crosses for producing first generation Fl com hybrids.
`PHP38 is best adapted to the central and eastern regions of
`the united States. Hybrids of PHP38 also possess very good
`drought tolerance and stability of yield which makes them
`25 extremely well-adapted for the hot, arid growing areas of the
`Western United States. The inbred can be used to produce
`hybrids from approximately 111-126 relative maturity
`based on the Minnesota Relative Maturity Rating System for
`harvest moisture of grain. PHP38 should make a good
`30 female since it has acceptable yield, good early vigor, and
`good early stand establishment. PHP38 would also be
`acceptable as a male because of its pollen yield. The inbred
`in hybrid combination has excellent stay green and overall
`disease tolerance. PHP38 has excellent stalks and above
`35 average roots. PHP38 hybrids generally have very good
`grain quality and high test weight.
`The inbred has shown uniformity and stability within the
`limits of environmental influence for all the traits as
`described in the Variety Description Information (Table 1)
`that follows. Most of the data in the Variety Description
`Information was collected at Johnston, Iowa. The inbred has
`been self-pollinated and ear-rowed a sufficient number of
`generations with careful attention paid to uniformity of plant
`type to ensure homozygousity and phenotypic stability. The
`line has been increased both by hand and in isolated fields
`with continued observation for uniformity. No variant traits
`have been observed or are expected in PHP38.
`Inbred com line PHP38, being substantially homozygous,
`can be reproduced by planting seeds of the line, growing the
`50 resulting com plants under self-pollinating or sib-pollinating
`conditions with adequate isolation, and harvesting the result(cid:173)
`ing seed, using techniques familiar to the agricultural arts.
`
`40
`
`45
`
`TABLE 1
`
`VARIETY DESCRJPTION INFORMATION
`JNBRED = PHP38
`
`Type: Dent
`
`A. Maturity: Average across maturity zones. Zone: 0
`
`Heat Unit Shed:
`Heat Unit Silk:
`No. Reps:
`
`Region Best Adapted:
`Central & Eastern Com
`Belt
`
`1480
`1500
`64
`
`

`

`7
`
`8
`
`5,506,367
`
`TABLE I -continued
`
`VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
`INBRED = PHP38
`
`HEAT UNITS
`
`[Max. Temp. (~86° F.) +
`Min. Temp (e;50° F.)]*
`2
`
`-50
`
`B. Plant Characteristics:
`
`Plant height (to tassel tip):
`Length of top ear internode:
`Number of ears per stalk:
`Ear height (to base of top ear):
`Number of tillers:
`Cytoplasm type:
`C. Leaf:
`
`Color:
`Angle from Stalk:
`Marginal Waves:
`Number of Leaves (mature plants):
`Sheath Pubescence:
`Longitudinal Creases:
`Length (Ear node leaf):
`Width (widest point, ear node leaf):
`D. Tassel:
`
`Number lateral branches:
`Branch Angle from central spike:
`Pollen Shed:
`
`Peduncle Length (top leaf to basal branches):
`Anther Color:
`Glume Color:
`E. Ear (Husked Ear Data Except When Stated Otherwise):
`
`Length:
`Weight:
`Mid-point Diameter:
`Silk Color:
`Husk Extension (Harvest stage):
`Husk Leaf:
`Taper of Ear:
`Position of Shank (dry husks):
`Kernel Rows:
`Husk Color (fresh):
`Husk Color (dry):
`Shank Length:
`Shank (No. of internodes):
`F. Kernel (Dried):
`
`Size (from ear mid-point)
`Length:
`Width:
`Thick:
`Shape Grade (% rounds):
`
`Pericarp Color:
`Aleurone Color:
`Endosperm Color:
`Endosperm Type:
`Gm Wt/100 Seeds (unsized):
`G. Cob:
`
`Diameter at mid-point:
`Strength:
`Color:
`H. Diseases:
`
`Corn Lethal Necrosis (MCMV = Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus
`and MDMV = Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus):
`Maize Dwarf mosaic Complex (MDMV & MCDV = Maize Chlorotic
`Dwarf Virus):
`Anthracnose Stalk Rot (C. graminicola):
`S. Leaf Blight (H. maydis):
`N. Leaf Blight (H. turcicum):
`Carbonum Leaf Blight (H. carbonum):
`Eye Spot (K. zeae ):
`Gray Leaf Spot (C. zeae):
`
`225 cm
`12 cm
`Single
`82 cm
`None
`Normal
`
`(B14) Dark Green
`<30 degrees
`(WF9) Few
`20
`(W22) Light
`(PAll) many
`80 cm
`9cm
`
`8
`>45 degrees
`Medium based on Pollen yield test
`(98 % of experiement means)
`22 cm
`Red
`Green
`
`16 cm
`121 gm
`45mm
`Yellow
`(>10 cm) Very long
`(8-15 cm) Medium
`Average
`Pendent
`Straight, Distinct Number= 16
`Light green
`Buff
`13 cm
`8
`
`11 mm
`8mm
`6mm
`40-60 (59% medium round based
`on Parent Test Data)
`Colorless
`Homozygous yellow
`Yellow
`Normal starch
`30 gm
`
`29mm
`Strong
`White
`
`Resistant
`
`Susceptible
`
`Resistant
`Resistant
`Intermediate
`Resistant
`Intermdiate
`Susceptible
`
`

`

`9
`
`5,506,367
`
`TABLE I-continued
`
`VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
`INBRED = PHP38
`
`Stewart's Wilt (E. stewarti1):
`Goss's Wilt (C. nebraskense):
`Common Smut (U. maydis):
`Head Smut (S. reiliana):
`Fusarium Ear Mold (F. moniliforme):
`I. Insects:
`
`European Corn Borer-I Leaf Damage (Preflowering):
`European Corn Borer-2 (Post-flowering):
`The above descriptions are based on a scale of 1-9, 1
`being highly susceptible, 9 being highly resistant.
`S (Susceptible):
`I (Intermediate):
`R (Resistant):
`H (Highly Resistant):
`
`J. Variety Most Closely Resembling:
`
`Character
`
`Maturity
`Usage
`
`Resistant
`Resistant
`Intermediate
`Highly Resistant
`Resistant
`
`Susceptible
`Intermediate
`
`Would generally represent a score of 1-3.
`Would generally represent a score of 4-5.
`Would generally represent a score of 6-7.
`Would generally represent a score of 8-9.
`Highly resistant does not imply the inbred is immune.
`
`Inbred
`
`PHK29
`PHG39
`
`*If maximum is greater than 86 degrees fahrenheit, then 86 is used and if minimum is less than 50, then 50 is used. Heat units accumulated daily and can
`not be less than 0.
`
`Data for Items B, C, D, E, F, and G is based primarily on
`a maximum of two reps from Johnston, Iowa grown in 1988,
`plus description information from the maintaining station.
`
`TABLE 2-continued
`
`30
`
`ELECTROHPORESIS RESULTS FOR PHP38
`AND ITS PARENTS PHG39 AND PHK29
`
`ELECTROPHORESIS RESULTS
`
`Isozyme Genotypes for PHP38
`
`Isozyme data were generated for inbred corn line PHP38 35
`according to the procedures described in Stuber, C. W.,
`Wendel, J. F., Goodman, M. M., and Smith, J. S. C.,
`"Techniques and Scoring Procedures for Starch Gel Elec(cid:173)
`trophoresis of Enzymes from Maize (Zea mays L.)", Tech(cid:173)
`nical Bulletin No. 286, North Carolina Agricultural 40
`Research Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh,
`N.C. (1988).
`The data in Table 2 compares PHP38 with its parents
`PHG39 and PHK29.
`
`45
`
`TABLE 2
`
`ELECTROHPORESIS RESULTS FOR PHP38
`AND ITS PARENTS PHG39 AND PHK29
`
`PARENTS
`
`Loci
`
`PHP38
`
`PHG39
`
`PHK29
`
`ACPl
`ADHl
`CATI
`DIAi
`GOT!
`GOT2
`GOT3
`IDHl
`IDH2
`MDHl
`MDH2
`MDH3
`MDH4
`MDH5
`MMM·
`PGMl
`PGM2
`
`4
`4
`9
`8
`4
`2
`4
`4
`6
`6
`6
`16
`12
`12
`4
`9
`4
`
`4
`4
`9
`8
`4
`2
`4
`4
`6
`6
`6
`16
`12
`12
`4
`9
`4
`
`4
`4
`9
`12
`4
`4
`4
`4
`4
`6
`3.5
`16
`12
`12
`4
`9
`4
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`PARENTS
`
`Loci
`
`PGDI
`PGD2
`PHIi
`
`PHP38
`
`PHG39
`
`PHK29
`
`2
`5
`4
`
`2
`5
`4
`
`3.8
`5
`4
`
`INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
`
`This invention also is directed to methods for producing
`a corn plant by crossing a first parent corn plant with a
`second parent corn plant wherein the first or second parent
`corn plant is an inbred corn plant from the line PHP38.
`Further, both first and second parent corn plants can come
`from the inbred com line PHP38. Thus, any such methods
`using the inbred corn line PHP38 are part of this invention:
`selfing, backcrosses, hybrid production, crosses to popula-
`tions, and the like. All plants produced using inbred corn line
`PHP38 as a parent are within the scope of this invention.
`Advantageously, the inbred com line is used in crosses with
`other, different, corn inbreds to produce first generation (F1)
`corn hybrid seeds and plants with superior characteristics.
`As used herein, the terms "plant and plant parts" include
`plant cells, plant protoplasts, plant cell tissue culture from
`which corn plants can be regenerated, plant calli, plant
`clumps, and plant cells that are intact in plants or parts of
`plants, such as embryos, pollen, flowers, kernels, ears, cobs,
`leaves, husks, stalks, roots, root tips, anthers, silk and the
`like.
`Tissue culture of corn is described in European Patent
`Application, publication 160,390, incorporated herein by
`reference. Corn tissue culture procedures are also described
`in Green and Rhodes, "Plant Regeneration in Tissue Culture
`of Maize," Maize for Biological Research (Plant Molecular
`Biology Association, Charlottsville, Va. 1982, at 367-372).
`
`

`

`5,506,367
`
`11
`Thus, another aspect of this invention is to provide cells
`which upon growth and differentiation produce the inbred
`line PHP38.
`The utility of inbred line PHP38 also extends to crosses
`with other species. Commonly, suitable species will be of the 5
`family Graminaceae, and especially of the genera Zea,
`Tripsacum, Coix, Schlerachne, Polytoca, Chionachne, and
`Trilobachne, of the tribe Maydeae. Of these, Zea and Trip(cid:173)
`sacum, are most preferred. Potentially suitable for crosses
`with PHP38 may be the various varieties of grain sorghum, 10
`Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
`Com is used as human food, livestock feed, and as raw
`material in industry. The food uses of com, in addition to
`human consumption of com kernels, include both products
`of dry- and wet-milling industries. The principal products of 15
`com dry milling are grits, meal and flour. The com wet(cid:173)
`milling industry can provide com starch, corn syrups, and
`dextrose for food use. Corn oil is recovered from corn germ,
`which is a by-product of both dry- and wet-milling indus-
`tri~.
`Corn, including both grain and non-grain portions of the
`plant, is also used extensively as livestock feed, primarily
`for beef cattle, dairy cattle, hogs, and poultry.
`Industrial uses of corn are mainly from com starch from 25
`the wet-milling industry and corn flour from the dry-milling
`industry. The industrial applications of corn starch and flour
`are based on functional properties, such as viscosity, film
`formation, adhesive properties, and ability to suspend par(cid:173)
`ticles. The com starch and flour have application in the paper 30
`and textile industries. Other industrial uses include applica(cid:173)
`tions in adhesives, building materials, foundry binders,
`laundry starches, explosives, oil-well muds, and other min-
`ing applications.
`Plant parts other than the grain of corn are also used in 35
`industry. Stalks and husks are made into paper and wall(cid:173)
`board and cobs are used for fuel and to make charcoal.
`The seed of inbred com line PHP38, the plant produced
`from the inbred seed, the hybrid corn plant produced from
`the crossing of the inbred, hybrid seed, and various parts of 40
`the hybrid corn plant can be utilized for human food,
`livestock feed, and as a raw material in industry.
`
`w
`
`12
`Table 3B compares PHP38 with inbred PHK29. PHK29 is
`the other parent of PHP38. PHP38 is lower yielding but has
`higher test weight than PHK29. PHP38 is shorter, has lower
`ear placement, and has fewer barren plants than PHK29. The
`seedling vigor and early stand establishment of PHP38 is
`better than PHK29 but has fewer kernels germinate under
`cold soil conditions. PHP38 flowers (GDU SHD and GDU
`SLK) earlier than PHK29. Stalk lodging, brittle stalk, and
`Northern and Southern leaf blight resistance is greater for
`PHP38 but PHP38 is more susceptible to first brood corn
`borer than PHK29.
`Tables 4-9 compare PHP38 hybrids to Pioneer Brand
`hybrids 3362, 3467, 3540, 3569, 3379, and 3344, respec(cid:173)
`tively. Each hybrid has a parent in common with the PHP38
`hybrid other than PHP38. The hybrids are adapted to much
`of the same area as the PHP38 hybrids. Table 4 compares a
`PHP38 hybrid with 3362. The PHP38 hybrid yields signifi(cid:173)
`cantly more bushels per acre and has a higher test weight
`than 3362. The PHP38 hybrid has better seedling vigor, is
`shorter, and ear placement is lower than 3362. Stalk lodging
`resistance is better and the stay green score of the PHP38
`hybrid is higher than 3362.
`The results of Table 5, comparing the PHP38 hybrid with
`3467, show a number of agronomic differences. The PHP38
`hybrid yields less, is taller, and has higher ear placement
`than 3467. The stalk and root lodging resistance of the
`PHP38 hybrid is better than 3467.
`Table 6 shows that the PHP38 hybrid yields more, has
`higher test weight, and flowers earlier (GDU SHD) than
`3540. Root lodging resistance and the stay green score is
`lower for the PHP38 hybrid and it has more dropped ears
`than 3540.
`Table 7 shows the results between a PHP38 hybrid and
`3569. The PHP38 hybrid is slightly higher yielding, has
`significantly higher test weight, and more grain moisture at
`maturity than 3569. The PHP38 hybrid and 3569 have
`similar plant and ear height but the PHP38 hybrid flowers
`(GDU SHD) slightly earlier than 3569. Stay green and grain
`quality are significantly better for the PHP38 hybrid than
`3569. Stalk lodging resistance is significantly better for the
`PHP38 hybrid but it is more prone to root lodging than 3569,
`and the PHP38 hybrid also shows the potential for ear
`droppage.
`The results in Table 8 show the PHP38 hybrid is signifi-
`cantly lower yielding, has significantly higher test weight,
`and has significantly more grain harvest moisture than 3379.
`The PHP38 hybrid is shorter, has slightly lower ear place-
`so ment, and flowers (GDU SHD) similarly compared to 3379.
`The PHP38 hybrid has better seedling vigor but a lower
`early stand than 3379. Stay green and stalk lodging resis(cid:173)
`tance are significantly better for the PHP38 hybrid but root
`lodging resistance is similar compared to 3379.
`Table 9 compares a PHP38 hybrid with 3344. The PHP38
`hybrid yields slightly more, has higher test weight, and
`similar grain moisture at maturity compared to 3344. The
`PHP38 hybrid and 3344 have similar plant and ear height
`and flower (GDU SHD) similarly. The PHP38 hybrid has
`60 significantly better stay green and seedling vigor than 3344.
`The PHP38 hybrid has better stalks but is slightly more
`prone to root lodging than 3344, and the PHP38 hybrid also
`sho