115;
`United States Patent
`5,557,035
`Noble, Jr.
`*Sep. 17, 1996
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`(11) Patent Number:
`
`UAOAT AAAA
`
`US005557035A
`
`[54] HYBRID CORN PLANT & SEED (3489)
`
`[75]
`
`Inventor: Stephen W. Noble, Jr., Johnston, Iowa
`
`[73] Assignee: Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.,
`Des Moines, Iowa
`
`[*] Notice:
`
`The term of this patent shall not extend
`beyond the expiration date of Pat. No.
`5,444,178.
`
`[21] Appl. No.: 187,964
`
`[22]
`
`Filed:
`
`Jan. 28, 1994
`
`[51]
`
`Int, CS oceccecsssesssseeessenne AO1H 1/02; AO1H 4/00;
`:
`AO1H 5/00; C12N 5/04
`[52} U.S. Ch eee 800/200; 800/250; 800/DIG. 56;
`435/240.4; 435/240.47; 435/240.49; 435/240.5;
`47/58, 47/DIG.1
`
`[58] Field of Search oceseeeeeee 800/200, 205,
`800/235, 250, DIG. 56; 435/240.1, 240.4,
`240.47, 240.49, 240.5; 47/58.01, 58.03,
`58, DIG. 1
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,812,599
`5,347,081
`5,444,178
`
`3/1989 Segebart ......csccscsccescneeasoeees 800/200
`800/200
`9/1994 Martin ....
`8/1995 Noble, Jr. w.eesessessssessersessseeens 800/200
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`160390
`
`11/1985 European Pat. Off. .
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Conger, B. V., et al. (1987) “Somatic Embryogenesis From
`Cultured. Leaf Segments of Zea Mays”, Plant Cell Reports,
`6:345-347.
`-
`Duncan, D. R., et al. (1985) “The Production of Callus
`Capable of Plant Regeneration From Immature Embryosof
`Numerous Zea Mays Genotypes”, Planta, 165:322-332.
`Edallo, et al.
`(1981) “Chromosomal Variation and Fre-
`quency of Spontaneous Mutation Associated with in Vitro
`Culture and Plant Regeneration in Maize”, Maydica, XXVI:
`39-56.
`Green,et al., “Plant Regeneration From Tissue Cultures of
`Maize”, Crop Science, vol. 15, pp. 417-421.
`
`Green, C. E., et al. (1982) “Plant Regeneration in Tissue
`Cultures of Maize” Maize for Biological Research, pp.
`367-372.
`Hallauer, A. R. et al. (1988) “Cor Breeding” Corn and
`Corn Improvement, No. 18, pp. 463-481.
`Meghii, M. R., et al. (1984). “Inbreeding Depression, Inbred
`& Hybrid Grain Yields, and Other Traits of Maize Geno-
`types Representing Three Eras”, Crop Science, vol. 24, pp.
`545-549.
`Phillips, et al. (1988) “Cell/Tissue Culture and In Vitro
`Manipulation”, Corn & Corn Improvement, 3rd Ed., ASA
`Publication, No. 18, pp. 345-349 & 356-357.
`Poehlman (1987) Breeding Field Crop, AVI Publication Co.,
`Westport, Ct., pp. 237-246.
`Rao, K.V., et al., “Somatic Embryogenesis in Glume Callus
`Cultures”, Osmania University, Hyberabad, India.
`Sass, John F. (1977) “Morphology”, Corn & Corn Improve-
`ment, ASA Publication. Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 89-109.
`Songstad, D. D.
`et
`al.
`(1988)
`“Effect
`of ACC
`(1-aminocyclopropane—1—carboxyclic acid), Silver Nitrate
`& Norbonadiene on Plant Regeneration From Maize Callus
`Cultures”, Plant Cell Reports, 7:262-265.
`Tomes, et al. “The Effect of Parental Genotype onInitiation
`of Embryogenic Callus From Elite Maize (Zea Mays L.)
`Germplasm”, Theor. Appl. Genet., vol. 70, pp. 505-509.
`Troyer,et al. (1985) “Selection for Early Flowering in Com:
`10 Late Synthetics”, Crop Science, vol. 25, pp. 695-697.
`Umbeck, et al. “Reversion of Male-Sterile T-Cytoplasm
`Maize to Male Fertility in Tissue Culture’, Crop Science,
`vol. 23, pp. 584-588.
`Wright, Harold (1980) “Commercial Hybrid Seed Produc-
`tion”, Hybridization of Crop Plants, Ch. 8: 161-176.
`Wych, Robert D. (1988) “Production of Hybrid Seed”, Corn
`and Corn Improvement, Ch. 9, pp. 565-607.
`
`Primary Examiner—Erich E. Veitenheimer
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Pioneer Hi-Bred International,
`Inc.
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`According to the invention, there is provideda hybrid corn
`plant, designated as 3489, produced by crossing two Pioneer
`Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred corn lines.
`This invention thus relates to the hybrid seed 3489,
`the
`hybrid plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants
`and trivial modifications of hybrid 3489.
`
`10 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets
`
`Inari Exhibit 1086
`Inari Exhibit 1086
`Inari v. Pioneer
`Inari v. Pioneer
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 17, 1996
`
`Sheet 1 of 2
`
`5,557,035
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 17, 1996
`
`Sheet 2 of 2
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`

`5,557,035
`
`1
`
`HYBRID CORN PLANT & SEED (3489)
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`This inventionis in the field of corn breeding, specifically
`relating to a hybrid corn plant designated 3489.
`
`BACKGROUNDOF THE INVENTION
`
`Plant Breeding
`Field crops are bred through techniques that take advan-
`tage of the plant’s method of pollination. A plantis self-
`pollinated if pollen from one flower is transferred to the
`same or another flower of the same plant. A plant
`is
`cross-pollinated if the pollen comes from a flower on a
`different plant.
`Com plants (Zea mays L.) can be bred by both self-
`pollination and cross-pollination techniques. Corn has sepa~
`rate male and female flowers on the same plant, located on
`the tassel and the ear, respectively. Natural pollination
`occurs in com when wind blows pollen from the tassels to
`the silks that protrude from the tops of the incipient ears.
`The development of a hybrid corn variety involves three
`steps: (1) the selection of plants from various germplasm
`pools;
`(2) the selfing of the selected plants for several
`generations to produce a series of inbred lines, which,
`althoughdifferent from each other, breed true and are highly
`uniform; and (3) crossing the selected inbred lines with
`unrelated inbred lines to produce the hybrid progeny (F,).
`During the inbreeding process in corn, the vigor ofthe lines
`decreases. Vigoris restored when two unrelated inbred lines
`are crossed to produce the hybrid progeny. An important
`consequence of the homozygosity and homogeneity of the
`inbred lines is that the hybrid between a defined pair of
`inbreds will always be the same. Oncethe inbreds that give
`a superior hybrid have been identified, the hybrid seed can
`be reproduced indefinitely as long as the homogeneityofthe
`inbred parents is maintained.
`Hybrid corn seed can be produced by manual detasseling.
`Alternate strips of two inbred varieties of corn are planted in
`a field, and the pollen-bearing tassels are removed from one
`of the inbreds (female). Providing that there is sufficient
`isolation from sources of foreign corn pollen, the ears of the
`detasseled inbred will be fertilized only from pollen from the
`other inbred (male), and the resulting seed is therefore
`hybrid and will form hybrid plants.
`Thelaborious detasseling process can be avoided by using
`male-sterile inbreds. Plants of these inbreds are fertilized
`with pollen from another inbred that is not male-sterile.
`Pollen from the second inbred can contribute genes that
`make the hybrid plants male-fertile. Usually seed from
`detasseled normal corm and malesterile produced seedofthe
`same hybridis blendedto insure that adequate pollen loads
`are available for fertilization when the hybrid plants are
`grown.
`The objective of commercial maize hybrid line develop-
`ment programs is to develop new inbred lines to produce
`hybrids that combine to produce high grain yields and
`superior agronomic performance. The primary trait breeders
`seek is yield. However, other major agronomictraits are of
`importance in hybrid combination and have an impact on
`yield or otherwise provide superior performance in hybrid
`combinations. Such traits include percent grain moisture at
`harvest, relative maturity, resistance to stalk breakage, resis-
`tance to root lodging, grain quality, and disease and insect
`resistance. In addition the lines per se must have acceptable
`
`10
`
`20
`
`35
`
`40
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`2
`performance for parental traits such as seed yields, kernel
`sizes, pollen production, all of which affect ability to provide
`parental lines in sufficient quantity and quality for hybrid-
`ization. These traits have been shown to be under genetic
`control and many if not all of the traits are affected by
`multiple genes.
`Pedigree Breeding
`The pedigree method of breeding is the mostly widely
`used methodology for new hybrid line development.
`In general terms this procedure consists of crossing two
`inbred lines to produce the non-segregating F, generation,
`and self pollination of the F, generation to produce the F,
`generation that segregatesforall factors for which the inbred
`parents differ. An example ofthis process is set forth below.
`Variations of this generalized pedigree methodare used, but
`all these variations produce a segregating generation which
`contains a range of variation for the traits of interest.
`
`EXAMPLE1
`
`Hypothetical Example of Pedigree Breeding Program
`Consider a cross between twoinbred lines that differ for
`alleles at five loci.
`
`The parental genotypesare:
`
`Parent 1
`Parent 2
`
`A
`a
`
`b
`B
`
`the F, from a cross between these two parents is:
`
`Fl
`
`AbCdeFaBcDEf
`
`Selfing F, will produce an F, generation including the
`following genotypes:
`
`ffa
`D E
`oc
`A B
`A Bc De= fla
`A Bc De fla
`
`b
`b
`b
`
`C die F
`C
`d
`E
`F
`C de F
`
`The number of genotypes in the F, is 3° for six segre-
`gating loci (729) and will produce (2°)-2 possible new
`inbreds, (62 for six segregating loci).
`Each inbred parent which is used in breeding crosses
`represents a unique combination of genes, and the combined
`effects of the genes define the performanceof the inbred and
`its performance in hybrid combination. There is published
`evidence (Smith, O. S., J. S. C. Smith, S. L. Bowen, R. A.
`Tenborg and S. J. Wall, TAG 80:833-840 (1990)) that each
`of these lines are different and can be uniquely identified on
`the basis of genetically-controlled molecular markers.
`It has been shown (Hallauer, Arnel R. and Miranda,J. B.
`Fo. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding, Iowa State
`University Press, Ames Ia. 1981) that most traits of eco-
`nomic value in maize are under the genetic control of
`multiple genetic loci, and that there are a large number of
`unique combinations of these genes present in elite maize
`germplasm. If not, genetic progress using elite inbred lines
`would no longerbe possible. Studies by Duvick and Russell
`(Duvick, D. N., Maydica 37:69~-79, (1992); Russell, W. A.,
`Maydica XXIX:375-—390 (1983)) have shown that over the
`last 50 years the rate of genetic progress in commercial
`hybrids has been between 1 and 2% per year.
`
`

`

`4
`3
`function of how large a population of genotypesis tested and
`The numberof genes affecting the trait of primary eco-
`howtesting resources are allocated in the testing program.
`nomic importance in maize, grain yield, has been estimated
`to be in the range of 10-1000. Inbred lines which are used
`At Pioneer Hi-Bred International, a typical corn research
`as parents for breeding crosses differ in the number and
`station has a staff of four, and 20 acres of breeding nursery.
`combination of these genes. These factors make the plant
`Those researchers plant those 20 acres with 25,000 nursery
`breeder’s task more difficult. Compounding this is evidence
`rows, 15,000 yield test plots in 10-15 yield test sites, and
`that no one line contains the favorable allele at all loci, and
`one or two disease-screening nurseries. Employing a tem-
`that different alleles have different economic values depend-
`porary crew of 20 to 30 pollinators, the station makes about
`ing on the genetic background and field environment in
`65,000 hand pollinations per growing season. Thus, one of
`which the hybrid is grown. Fifty years of breeding experi-
`the largest plant brecding programs in thc world does not
`ence suggests that there are many genesaffecting grain yield
`have a sufficiently large breeding population to be able to
`and each ofthese has a relatively small effect on this trait.
`rely upon “playing the numbers” to obtain successful
`The effects are small compared to breeders’ ability to
`research results. Nevertheless, Pioncer’s breeders at each
`measure grain yield differences in evaluationtrials. There-
`station produce from three to ten new inbreds which are
`fore, the parents of the breeding cross must differ at several
`proposed for commercial use each year. Over the 32 Pioneer
`of these loci so that the genetic differences in the progeny
`research stations in North America, this amounts to from
`will be large enough that breeders can developalinc that
`about 100 to 300 new inbreds proposedfor use, and less than
`increases the economic worth of its hybrids over that of
`50 and more commonly less than 30 of these inbreds that
`hybrids made with either parent.
`actually satisfy the performancecriteria for commercial use.
`If the number ofloci segregating in a cross between two
`This is a result of plant breeders using their skills,
`inbredlines is n, the number of unique genotypes in the F,
`experience, and intuitive ability to select inbreds having the
`generation is 3” and the numberof unique inbred lines from
`necessary qualities so that improved hybrids may be pro-
`this cross is {(2”) —2}. Only a very limited numberofthese
`duced.
`combinations are useful. Only about
`1
`in 10,000 of the
`progeny from F,’s are commercially useful.
`By way of example, if it is assumed that the number of
`segregating loci in F, is somewhere between 20 and 50, and
`that each parentis fixed for half the favorablealleles, it is
`then possible to calculate approximate probabilities of find-
`ing an inbred that has the favorableallele at {(n/2)+m}loci,
`where n/2 is the number of favorable alleles in each of the
`parents and m is the numberof additional favorable alleles
`in the new inbred. See Example 2 below. The number m is
`assumed to be greater than three because eachallele has so
`small an effect that evaluation techniques are not sensitive
`enough to detect differences due to three or less favorable
`alleles. The probabilities in Example 2 are on the order of
`10-5 or smatler and they are the probabilities that at least one
`genotype with (n/2)+m favorable alleles will exist.
`To put this in perspective the numberof plants grown on
`60 million acres (approximate U.S. com acreage) at 25000
`plants/acre is 1.5x10?2.
`
`SUMMARYOF THE INVENTION
`
`According to the invention, there is provided a hybrid
`corn plant, designated as 3489, produced by crossing two
`Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred corn
`lines. This invention thus relates to the hybrid seed 3489,the
`hybrid plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants
`andtrivial modifications of hybrid 3489. 3489is a very high
`yielding, widely adapted, stable 108 CRM hybrid. 3489 has
`above average yield across all environments.
`
`5,557,035
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the hybrid of this invention
`with commercial hybrid 3417 with respect to yield.
`FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the hybrid of this invention
`with commercial hybrid 3394 with respect to yield.
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`EXAMPLE2
`
`45
`
`DEFINITIONS
`
`Probability of Finding an Inbred With m of n Favorable
`Alleles
`
`Assume each parent has n/2 of the favorable alleles and
`only % of the combinations of loci are economically useful.
`
`50
`
`Probability
`no. additional
`no. favorable
`no. of
`segregating
`alleles in
`favorable alleles
`that geno-
`loci (n)
`Parents (n/2)
`in new inbred
`type occurs*
`
`20
`10
`14
`3x 105
`24
`12
`16
`2x 10°
`28
`14
`18
`1x 105
`32
`16
`20
`8x 10%
`36
`18
`22
`5x 10-6
`40
`20
`24
`3x 10%
`44
`22
`26
`2x 10°6
`
`24 2848 1x 10°°
`
`
`
`*Probability that a useful combination exists, does not include the probability
`of identifying this combination if it does exist.
`
`The possibility of having a usably high probability of
`being able to identify this genotype based onreplicated field
`testing would be most likely smaller than this, and is a
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`In the description and examples that follow, a number of
`terms are used herein. In order to provide a clear and
`consistent understanding of the specification and claims,
`including the scope to be given such terms, the following
`definitions are provided. ABS is in absolute terms and %
`MNis percent of the mean for the experiments in which the
`inbred or hybrid was grown.
`BAR PLT=BARREN PLANTS. The percentof plants per
`plot that were not barren (lack ears).
`BRT STK=BRITTLE STALKS. This is a measure of the
`stalk breakage near the time of pollination, and is an
`indication of whethera hybrid or inbred would snap or break
`near the time of flowering under severe winds. Data are
`presented as percentage of plants that did not snap.
`BU ACR=YIELD (BUSHELS/ACRE). Actual yield of
`the grain at harvest in bushels per acre, adjusted to 15.5%
`moisture.
`DRP EAR=DROPPED EARS. A measure of the number
`of dropped ears per plot and represents the percentage of
`plants that did not drop ears prior to harvest.
`
`

`

`5
`EAR HT=EAR HEIGHT. The ear height is a measure
`from the ground to the highest placed developed ear node
`attachment and is measured in inches.
`
`5,557,035
`
`6
`at the seedling stage (approximately five leaves). A higher
`score indicates better vigor.
`SEL IND=SELECTION INDEX. The selection index
`EAR SZ=EAR SIZE.A1to 9 visual rating of ear size. The
`gives a single measure of the hybrid’s worth based on
`higher the rating the larger the ear size.
`information for up to five traits. A corn breeder mayutilize
`his or her ownsetoftraits for the sclection index. One of the
`EST CNT=EARLY STAND COUNT. This is a measure
`traits that is almost always included is yield. The selection
`of the stand establishment in the spring and represents the
`index data presented in the tables represent the mean value
`number of plants that emerge on a per plot basis for the
`averaged acrosstesting stations.
`inbred or hybrid.
`STA GRN=STAY GREEN. Stay green is the measure of
`GDU SHD=GDU TO SHED. The numberof growing
`plant health near the time of black layer formation (physi-
`degree units (GDUs)or heat units required for an inbred line
`ological maturity). A high score indicates better late-season
`or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plants
`plant health.
`shedding pollen and is measured from the time of planting.
`STK CNT=NUMBER OF PLANTS. This is the final
`Growing degree units are calculated by the Barger Method,
`wherc the heat units for a 24-hour pcriod are:
`stand or numberof plants per plot.
`STK LDG=STALK LODGING.Thisis the percentage of
`plants that did not stalk lodge (stalk breakage) as measured
`by either natural lodging or pushing the stalks and deter-
`mining the percentage of plants that break below theear.
`TAS BLS=TASSEL BLAST. A 1 to 9 visual rating was
`used to measure the degree of blasting (necrosis due 1o heat
`stress) of the tassel at time of flowering. A 1 would indicate
`a very high level of blasting at time of flowering, while a 9
`would have notassel blasting.
`TAS SZ=TASSELSIZE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used
`to indicate the relative size of the tassel. The higher the
`rating the larger the tassel.
`TAS WT=TASSEL WEIGHT.This is the average weight
`of a tassel (grams) just prior to pollen shed.
`TEX EAR=EAR TEXTURE.A 1 to 9 visual rating was
`used to indicate the relative hardness (smoothness of crown)
`of mature grain. A 1 would be very soft (extreme dent) while
`a 9 would be very hard (flinty or very smooth crown).
`TILLER=TILLERS. A count of the numberoftillers per
`plot that could possibly shed pollen was taken. Data is given
`as percentageoftillers: numberoftillers per plot divided by
`number of plants per plot.
`TST WT=TEST WEIGHT (UNADJUSTED). The mea-
`sure of the weight of the grain in pounds for a given volume
`(bushel).
`TST WTA=TEST WEIGHT ADJUSTED.The measure of
`the weight of the grain in pounds for a given volume
`(bushel) adjusted for percent moisture.
`YLD=YIELD. It is the same as BU ACR ABS.
`
`GpU= (Max. temp. Mio. temp)
`
`50
`
`The highest maximum temperature used is 86° F. and the
`lowest minimum temperature used is 50° F. For each inbred
`or hybrid it takes a certain number of GDUsto reach various
`stages of plant development.
`GDU SLK=GDU TO SILK. The number of growing
`degree units required for an inbred line or hybrid to have
`approximately 50 percent of the plants with silk emergence
`from time of planting. Growing degree units are calculated
`by the Barger Method as
`given in GDU SHD definition.
`GRN APP=GRAIN APPEARANCE. This is a 1
`to 9
`rating for the general appearance of the shelled grain asit is
`harvested based on suchfactors asthe color of the harvested
`grain, any mold on the grain, and any cracked grain. High
`scores indicate good grain quality.
`MST=HARVEST MOISTURE.The moistureis the actual
`percentage moisture of the grain at harvest.
`.
`PLT HT=PLANT HEIGHT. This is a measure of the
`heightof the plant from the ground to the tip of the tassel in
`inches.
`
`POL SC=POLLEN SCORE. A 1 to 9 visual rating indi-
`cating the amount of pollen shed. The higher the score the
`more pollen shed.
`POL WT=POLLEN WEIGHT.This is calculated by dry
`weight of tassels collected as shedding commences minus
`dry weight from similar tassels harvested after shedding is
`complete.
`through
`It should be understood that the inbred can,
`routine manipulation of cytoplasmic factors, be produced in
`a cytoplasmic male-sterile form which is otherwise pheno-
`typically identical to the male-fertile form.
`PRM=PREDICTED RM.This trait, predicted relative
`maturity (RM), is based on the harvest moisture of the grain.
`The relative maturity rating is based on a known set of
`checksand utilizes standard linear regression analyses and is
`referred to as the Comparative Relative Maturity Rating
`System whichis similar to the Minnesota Relative Maturity
`Rating System.
`RT LDG=ROOT LODGING.Rootlodgingis the percent-
`age of plants that do not root lodge; plants that lean from the
`vertical axis at an approximately 30° angle or greater would
`be counted as root lodged.
`to 9 visual rating
`SCT GRN=SCATTER GRAIN. A |
`indicating the amount ofscatter grain (lack of pollination or
`kernel abortion) on the ear. The higher the score the less
`scatter grain.
`SDG VGR=SEEDLING VIGOR.Thisis the visual rating
`(1 to 9) of the amountof vegetative growth after emergence
`
`10
`
`15
`
`35
`
`45
`
`YLD SC=YIELD SCORE.A 1 to 9 visual rating was used
`to give a relative rating for yield based on plotear piles. The
`higher the rating the greater visual yield appearance.
`MDM CPX=Maize Dwarf Mosaic Complex (MDMV=
`Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus & MCDV=Maize Chlorotic
`Dwarf Virus): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a “1” is very
`susceptible and a “9” is very resistant.
`SLF BLT=Southern Leaf Blight (Bipolaris maydis, Hel-
`minthosporium maydis): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a
`“1” is very susceptible and a “9” is very resistant.
`NLF BLT=Northem Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum,
`H. turcicum): Visual rating (1-9 score) where a “1” is very
`susceptible and a “9” is very resistant.
`COM RST=Common Rust (Puccinia sorghi): Visual rat-
`ing (1-9 score) where a “1” is very susceptible and a “9” is
`very resistant.
`GLF SPT=Gray Leaf Spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis):
`Visual rating (1-9 score) where a “1” is very susceptible and
`a “9” is very resistant.
`STW WLT=Stewart’s Wilt (Erwinia stewartii): Visual
`rating (1-9 score) where a “1” is very susceptible and a “9”
`is very resistant.
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`

`

`5,557,035
`
`8 V
`
`ARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
`HYBRID = 3489
`Region
`B vA tral Corn Belt
`¢f1ion
`BCs
`japica:
`TH
`mm
`BC
`
`g
`P
`
`5
`
`7
`HD SMT=Head Smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana): Percent-
`age of plants that did not have infection.
`EAR MLD=General Ear Moid: Visual rating (1-9 score)
`where a ‘‘]”is very susceptible and a “9”is very resistant.
`s
`.
`This is based on overall rating for ear mold of mature ears
`A. Maturity:
`without determining specific mold organism, and may notbe
`Minnesota Relative Maturity Rating (harvest moisture): 108
`predictive for a specific ear mold.
`GDU’sto Physiological Maturity (black layer): 2660
`ECB DPE=Dropped ears due to European Corn Borer
`(Ostrinia nubilalis): Percentage of plants that did not drop 10 a tee oe
`ears under second brood corn borerinfestation.2aeee
`ECB 2SC=European Corn Borer Second Brood (Ostrinia
`Plant height(to tassel tip): 284 cm
`lalie\:
`Vi
`:
`a”
`.
`.
`Length of top ear internode: 21 cm
`nubilalis): Visual rating (1-9 score) of post flowering dam
`Number of ears per stalk: Single
`age dueto infestation by European Corn Borer. A “1”
`is very is Ear height (to base of top ear): 80 cm
`susceptible and a “9”is very resistant.
`Number oftillers: None
`.
`oe
`Cytoplasm type: Normal
`ECB 1LF=European Corn Borer First Brood (Ostrinia
`CLeaf:
`nubilalis): Visual rating (1-9 score) of pre-flowcring leaf
`feeding by European Cor
`Borer.
`A “11”is very
`susceptible
`INE y TOP
`. orn
`borer,
`18 very suscep
`and a “0”is very resistant.
`
`©0!0r: (B14) Dark Green
`Angle from Stalk: <30 degrees
`20 Marginal Waves: (WF9) Few
`Number of Leaves (mature plants): 21
`Sheath Pubescence: (W22Z) Light
`Longitudinal Creases: (PA11} Many
`DETAILED ESOW OF THE
`Length (Ear node leaf): 94 cm
`NVENTIO
`Width
`(widest
`point,
`de
`leaf): 10
`:
`:
`:
`.
`:
`
`Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3489 has exceptional yield forits 95 wien est point, ear node Jeaf):10cm
`maturity. The hybrid is widely adapted and very stable
`.
`:
`:
`:
`:
`Numberlateral branches: 4
`which will make it an excellent companion hybrid to many
`Branch Angle from central spike: >45 degrees
`of the hybrids in its area of adaptation.
`Pollen Shed: (KY21) Heavy
`Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3489 is a single cross, yellow
`PeduneieTenetCop leaf to basal branches): 28 cm
`endosperm, dent corn hybrid with exceptional yield in its 30 Glume Color: Green
`maturity. It has had top yield for four straight years begin-
`E, Ear (Husked Ear Data Except When Stated Otherwise):
`ning with very early experimental topcross testing. Com-
`Length: 21 em
`pared to the closest existing hybrid (3417), 3489 has resis-
`Weight: 270 gm
`tance to brittle stalk,
`resistance to heavy infection of ,, Mid-point Diameter: 50 mm
`Silk Color: Pink
`commonrust, tolerance to less solar radiation and the ability
`Husk Extension (Harvest stage): Medium (Barely covering ear)
`Husk Leaf: Long (>15 cm)
`to withstand excessive wet soil conditions. In addition, the
`Taper of Ear: Slight
`high yield of 3489 is stable across environments.
`Position of Shank (dry husks): Horizontal
`Kernel Rows: Straight Distinct Number = 16
`This hybrid has the following characteristics based on the
`descriptive data collected primarily at Johnston,Ia.
`
`TABLE 1C
`VARIETY #1 - 3489
`VARIETY #2 - 3394
`
`*=10% SIG +=5%SIG #=1% SIG
`EAR
`SDG
`EST
`DRP
`PLT
`BU
`BU
`HT
`VGR-
`CNT
`EAR
`HT
`MST
`ACR
`ACR
`VAR
`#
`ABS
`% MN ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`
`TOTAL SUM
`1
`155.3
`106
`23.5
`107.5
`41.2
`5.9
`56.1
`99.8
`2
`156.8
`107
`24.1
`105.6
`47.8
`6.7
`56.7
`99.6
`LOCS
`563
`563
`577
`313
`312
`228
`356
`280
`REPS
`667
`667
`681
`356
`354
`271
`426
`344
`DIFF
`1.5
`1
`0.6
`1.9
`6.6
`0.8
`0.6
`0.2
`PROB
`.053*
`.081*
`O0O#
` .000#
` .000#
` O0O#
`011+
`026+
`
`GDU
`GDU_
`TST
`GRN
`STA
`STK
`RT
`BRT
`
`
`
`VAR WTA~~APPSHD SLK GRN LDG- LDG STK
`
`
`
`
`ABS
`ABS
`#
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`
`TOTAL SUM
`
`93.9
`96.7
`92.3
`5.1
`6.5
`34.5
`1330
`1342
`1
`94.5
`97.1
`95.2
`6.3
`6.6
`34.7
`1346
`1384
`2
`107
`211
`484
`259
`248
`465
`41
`206
`LOCS
`
`REPS=233 43 551 291° 308 568 264 122
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DIFF=42 16 0.3 0.1 1.2 2.8 0.3 0.6
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`.000# .000# 000% .228 000# O00# .606PROB 333
`
`

`

`5,557,035
`
`9
`-continued
`
`VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
`HYBRID = 3489
`Type: Dent
`Region Best Adapted: Central Corn Belt
`
`10
`-continued
`VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION
`HYBRID = 3489
`Type: Dent
`Region Best Adapted: Central Corn Belt
`
`Husk Color (fresh): Light Green
`Husk Color (dry): Buff
`Shank Length: 14 cm
`Shank (No. ofinternodes): 8
`F. Kernel (Dried):
`Size (from ear mid-point)
`
`Length: 14 mm
`Width: 9 mm
`Thick: 5
`Shape Grade (% rounds): N/A
`Pericarp Color: Colorless
`BadenvamColonYel Yellow
`ir:
`Xe.
`Endosperm Type: Normal Starch
`Gm Wv/100 Seeds (unsized): 35 gm
`G.Cob:
`Diameter at mid-point: 26 mm
`eee Strong
`olor,
`Ret
`H.Diseases:
`(Chlorotic Mottle Vi
`Com
`Lethal Necrosis
`Dwatf MosaieVirus) (ColorotieMottle
`Virus and
`Anthracnosestalk Rot (C. graminicola): Susceptible
`N LotBiome reete
`Common Rest (P.sorghi): Resistant
`Gray Leaf Spot (C. zeae): Intermediate
`Goss’s Wilt (C.
`nebraskense): Highly Resistant
`Head Smut(S. reiliana): Highly Rewstant
`Fusarium Ear mold (F moniliforme): Intermediate
`pbberella Ear Rot (G. zeae): Resistant
`—
`European Corn Borer-1 Leaf Damage (Prefiowering): Susceptible
`European Corn Borer-2 (Post-flowering): Intermediate
`The above descriptions are based on a scale of 1~9, 1 being
`highly susceptible, 9 being highly resistant.
`S (Susceptible): A score of 1-3.
`I (Intermediate): A score of 4-5.
`R (Resistant): A score of 6-7.
`H (Highly Resistant): A
`f 8-9. Highly
`resistant
`does ot olythehybridfeiomene, ee
`
`dM
`Maize
`
`J, Hybrid Most Closely Resembling:
`
`10
`
`Hybrid
`Character
`Maturity
`Pioneer Brand 3417
`
`Usage
`Pioneer Brand 3417
`Items B, C, D, E, F and G are based on a maximum oftworeps of data
`primarily from Johnston, Iowa in 1993.
`
`15
`
`Research Comparisons for Hybrid 3489
`:
`.
`:
`Comparison of the characteristics for Hybrid 3489 were
`made against Pioneer Brand Hybrids 3563, 3417 and 3394.
`Table 1A compares Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3489 and Pioneer
`.
`.
`.
`.
`Brand Hybrid 3563. 3489 has higher yield and grain harvest
`00 moisture but lower test weight compared to 3563. 3489 and
`3563 are similar in height but 3489 has lower ear placement.
`3489 flowers (GDU Shed and GDUSilk) later than 3563.
`3489 has better staygreen than 3563.
`The results in Table 1B show that Pioneer Brand Hybrid
`25 3489 has higher yield and test weight but lower grain harvest
`moisture than Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3417. 3489isa taller
`hybrid with higher ear placement and flowers (GDU Shed
`and GDU Silk) later than 3417. 3489 has better seedling
`30 vigor, grain appearance and staygreen compared to 3417.
`3489 has better brittle stalk resistance than 3417.
`:
`:
`:
`Table 1C compares Pioneer Brand Hybrid 3489 to Pioneer
`Brand Hybrid 3394, 3489 has lower yield, grain harvest
`moisture and test weight compared to 3394. 3489is a taller
`35 hybrid but has lower car placement than 3394.
`:
`4:
`:
`FIGS. 1 and 2 compare the yield stability of Pioneer
`Brand Hybrid 3489 to Pioneer Brand Hybrids 3417 and
`3394. FIG. 1 showsthat 3489 has above averageyield across
`all
`:
`ts.C
`dto 3417, 3489 is hich
`ieldi
`environments.
`Compared
`to
`>
`is
`higheryielding
`across all environments.
`:
`FIG. 2 shows 3489 and 3394 have above average yield.
`3489 and 3394 yield well across all environments, 3394
`yielding slightly more.
`
`40
`
`TABLE 1A
`
`VARIETY#1 - 3489
`VARIETY #2 - 3563
`
`TOTAL SUM
`
`TOTAL SUM
`
`VAR
`#
`
`1
`2
`LOCS
`REPS
`DIFF
`PROB
`
`VAR
`#
`
`l
`2
`LOCS
`REPS
`
`BU
`ACR
`ABS
`
`151.8
`138.1
`434
`$11
`13.7
`.000#
`
`GDU
`SHD
`ABS
`
`1334
`1326
`143
`163
`
`BU
`MST
`ACR
`%MN ABS
`
`*=10%SIG +=5%SIG #=1% SIG
`EAR
`SDG
`EST
` DRP
`HT
`VGR
`CNT
`EAR
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`
`PLF
`HT
`ABS
`
`106
`96
`434
`S11
`10
`.000#
`
`GDU.
`SLK
`ABS
`
`«1330
`1310
`35
`36
`
`24.6
`21.8
`439
`516
`28
` .000#
`
`TST
`WTA
`ABS
`
`539
`55.1
`357
`420
`
`106.9
`106.5
`228
`251
`0.4
`242
`
`GRN-
`APP
`ABS
`
`«6.3
`6.2
`183
`199
`
`41.6
`43.9
`228
`251
`23
`.000#
`
`STA
`GRN
`ABS
`
`5.8
`4.2
`177
`199
`
`5.8
`58
`167
`192
`0.1
`406
`
`STK_
`LDG
`ABS
`
`93.6
`93.2
`369
`430
`
`56.9
`59.5
`253
`285
`2.6
`00#
`
`RT
`LDG_
`ABS
`
`96.7
`972
`184
`234
`
`99.9
`99.9
`195
`238
`0.0
`865
`
`BRT
`STK
`ABS
`
`941
`944
`98
`113
`
`

`

`ll
`
`12
`
`5,957,035
`
`TABLE 1A-continucd
`
`DIFF
`08
`20
`12
`0.0
`16
`03
`0.5
`03
`PROB
`.000#
` .0OC#
`.000#
`660
`.000#
`520
`458
`591
`
`
`TABLE 1B
`
`VARIETY#1 - 3489
`VARIETY#2 - 3417
`
`+2=5%SIG #=1%SIG
`*=10% SIG
`SDG
`EST
`DRP
`EAR
`PLT
`BU
`BU
`VAR
`ACR
`ACR
`MST
`HT
`HT
`VGR
`CNT
`EAR
`#
`ABS
`% MN ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`
`TOTALSUM
`1
`1527
`106
`238
`1061
`409
`58
`56.6
`99.8
`2
`140.0
`96
`243°
`«990
`3865.3
`576
`99.9
`LOCS
`536
`536
`552
`301
`300
`220
`312
`239
`REPS
`629
`629
`645
`335
`333
`255
`354
`288
`DIFF
`12.7
`10
`0.5
`71
`23
`0.5
`1.0
`0.1
`PROB
`.000#
` .000#
` .000#
` .000#
` .000#
` .000#
` .000#
`914
`
`GDU
`GDU
`TST
` GRN_
`STA
`STK
`RT
`BRT
`VAR
`SHD
`SLK
`WTA
`APP
`GRN
`LDG
`LDG
`STK
`#
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`ABS
`
`TOTALSUM
`I
`1338
`«1331-543
`63
`53
`93.1
`97.0
`94.1
`2
`1321
`1314
`53.9
`5.7
`49
`93.5Z
`98.6
`90.8
`LOCS
`185
`42
`449
`224
`234
`464
`210
`111
`REPS
`213
`43
`524
`243
`265
`535
`268
`128
`DIFF
`17
`17
`0.4
`0.7
`04
`0.4
`1.6
`3.3
`
`000# .000# .000# 000% .000# 377PROB .002#=.000#
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Strip Test Data for Hybrid 3489
`Comparison data was collected from strip tests that were
`grown by farmers. Each hybrid was grownin strips of 4, 6,
`8, 12, etc. rows in fields depending on thesize of the planter
`used. The data was collected from strip tests that had the
`hybrids in the same area and weighed. The moisture per-
`centage was determined and bushels per acre was adjusted
`to 15.5 percent moisture. The number of comparisons rep-
`tesent the number of locations or replications for the two
`hybrids that were grown in the samefield in close proximity
`and compared.
`Comparison strip testing was done between Pioneer
`Brand Hybrid 3489 and Pioneer Brand Hybrids 3563, 3417
`and 3394. The comparisons came from all
`the hybrid’s
`adapted growing areas in the United States.
`
`40
`
`35
`
`Theseresults are presented in Table 2. 3489 showsa yield
`advantage over 3563 and 3417 and a yield disadvantage