a2) United States Patent
`US 8,759,636 B1
`(10) Patent No.:
`Smalley
`
`(45) Date of Patent: Jun. 24, 2014
`
`US008759636B1
`
`U.S. Appl. No. 12/786,645, filed May 25, 2010, Cunnyngham,
`CharlesT,etal.
`U.S. Appl. No. 12/786,647, filed May 25, 2010, Hoffbeck, Mark D,et
`al.
`
`U.S. Appl. No. 12/795,761, filed Jun. 8, 2010, Fox, Russell L, etal.
`U.S. Appl. No. 12/786,653, filed May 25, 2010, Fox, Russell L,etal.
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/043,530, filed Mar. 9, 2011, Carlone, Jr, Mario R,
`et al.
`
`
`
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/053,256, filed Mar. 22, 2011, Ross, Andrew J, et al.
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/053,260, filed Mar. 22, 2011, Verde Chifflet, Luis
`A, et al.
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/053,261, filed Mar. 22, 2011, Carlone,Jr, Mario R,
`et al.
`
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/053 ,304, filed Mar. 22, 2011, Ross, Andrew J, et al.
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/053,332,filed Mar. 22, 2011, Colbert, Terry R, et
`
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/053,271, filed Mar. 22, 2011, Whitaker, David W,
`
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/400,618, filed Feb. 21, 2012, Hoffbeck, Mark D,et
`
`
`
`(54) MAIZE INBRED PH1D84
`
`(75)
`
`Inventor: Matthew David Smalley, North
`Mankato, MN (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.,
`Johnston, [A (US)
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`US.C. 154(b) by 254 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 13/400,635
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Feb. 21, 2012
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`AOIH 5/00
`CI2N 15/82
`(52) U.S.Cl
`USPC. a... 800/320.1; 800/260; 800/278: 800/275:
`435/415
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`USPC liececcesecseeesseeseceeecneeeeeecneseneeseaeneeeens 800/320.1
`
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`1/2007 Dolan
`7,161,074 B2
`5/2008 Bensonet al.
`7,375,263 B2
`3/2009 Noble, Jr. etal.
`7,504,568 B2
`7/2009 Fox
`7,563,957 B2
`8/2009 Foxet al.
`7,569,753 Bl
`8/2009 Kilgore-Norquest
`7,572,962 B2
`9/2009 Fischeret al.
`7,592,523 Bl
`9/2009 Henke etal... 800/320.1
`7,592,524 B1*
`4/2010 Wilson
`7,700,856 Bl
`11/2010 Fox
`7,825,309 Bl
`3/2011 Hoffbeck
`7,902,432 Bl
`11/2011 Gogerty
`8,058,527 BIL
`6/2012 Bensonetal.
`8,203,054 Bl
`6/2013 Wilsonetal. 0... 800/275
`8,471,093 BIL*
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Plant Variety Protection certificate No. 200500226 for Maize Variety
`PHCCW,issued. Sep. 10, 2008.
`Plant Variety Protection certificate No. 200700309 for Maize Variety
`PHEAN,issued Sep. 29, 2010.
`Plant Variety Protection certificate No. 201200308 for Maize Variety
`PH18F6, filed May 11, 2012.
`Plant Variety Protection certificate No. 201200313 for Maize Variety
`PH1D84, filed May 11, 2012.
`Plant Variety Protection certificate No. 201200352 for Maize Variety
`PHIKGA,filed May 16, 2012.
`U.S. Appl. No. 12/274,401, filed Nov. 20, 2008, Henke, Gary E,etal.
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/240,102, filed Sep. 22, 2011, Henke, Gary E, etal.
`U.S. Appl. No. 12/786,610,filed May 25, 2010, Hoffbeck, Mark D, et
`al.
`U.S. Appl. No. 12/792,804, filed Jun. 3, 2010, Dolan, DennisJ, et al.
`U.S. Appl. No. 12/786,642,filed May 25, 2010, Ross, Andrew J, et al.
`U.S. Appl. No. 12/786,627, filed May 25, 2010, Dolan, Dennis J, et al.
`U.S. Appl. No. 12/786,605, filed May 25, 2010, Carlone,Jr, Mario R,
`et al.
`
`
`
`
`
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/400,697, filed Feb. 21, 2012, Cunnyngham,
`CharlesT,etal.
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/400,700, filed Feb. 21, 2012, Smalley, Matthew D,
`
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/400,687, filed Feb. 21, 2012, Smalley, Matthew D,
`
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/400,681, filed Feb. 21, 2012, Smalley, Matthew D,
`
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/400,631, filed Feb. 21, 2012, Smalley, Matthew D,
`
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/400,628, filed Feb. 21, 2012, Carlone, Jr, Mario R,
`
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/400,728,filed Feb. 21, 2012, Graham, GeoffreyI,
`
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/400,729, filed Feb. 21, 2012, Carlone, Jr, Mario R,
`
`US'S. Appl. No. 13/400,639, filed Feb. 21, 2012, Hoffbeck, Mark D.
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/400,606, filed Feb. 21, 2012, Carlone, Jr, Mario R,
`et al.
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Primary Examiner — Li Zheng
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — IPLM Group,P.A.
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A novel maize variety designated PH1D84 andseed, plants
`and plant parts thereof. Methods for producing a maize plant
`that comprise crossing maize variety PH1D84 with another
`maize plant. Methodsfor producing a maize plant containing
`in its genetic material one or moretraits introgressed into
`PH1D84 through backcross conversion and/or transforma-
`tion, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced
`thereby. Hybrid maize seed, plant or plant part produced by
`crossing the variety PH1D84 or a locus conversion of
`PH1D84 with another maize variety.
`
`19 Claims, No Drawings
`
`Inari v. Pioneer
`
`Inari Exhibit 1110
`Inari Exhibit 1110
`Inari v. Pioneer
`
`

`

`US 8,759,636 B1
`
`1
`MAIZE INBRED PH1D84
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention relates generally to the field of maize, Zea
`mays L., breeding, specifically relating to an inbred maize
`variety designated PH1D84.
`
`BACKGROUNDOF THE INVENTION
`
`The goal ofplant breeding is to combine, ina single variety
`or hybrid,various desirabletraits. Forfield crops, these traits
`may include resistance to diseases and insects, resistance to
`heat and drought, reducing the time to crop maturity, greater
`yield, and better agronomic quality. With mechanicalharvest-
`ing of many crops, uniformity of plant characteristics such as
`germination, stand establishment, growth rate, maturity, plant
`height andear height, is important. Traditionalplant breeding
`is an important tool in developing new and improved com-
`mercial crops.
`
`SUMMARYOF THE INVENTION
`
`there is provided a novel
`According to the invention,
`maize, Zea mays L., variety, designated PH1D84 andpro-
`cesses for making PH1D84. This invention relates to seed of
`maize variety PH1D84,
`to the plants of maize variety
`PH1D84, to plant parts of maize variety PH1D84, and to
`processes for making a maize plant that comprise crossing
`maize variety PH1D84 with another maize plant. This inven-
`tion also relates to processes for making a maize plant con-
`taining in its genetic material one or moretraits introgressed
`into PH1D84 through backcross conversion and/or transfor-
`mation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant parts produced
`thereby. This invention furtherrelates to a hybrid maize seed,
`plantor plant part produced by crossing the variety PH1D84
`or alocus conversion of PH1D84 with another maize variety.
`
`DEFINITIONS
`
`Certain definitions used in the specification are provided
`below. Also in the examplesthat follow, a numberoftermsare
`used herein. In order to provide a clear and consistent under-
`standing of the specification and claims, including the scope
`to be given such terms, the following definitions are provided.
`NOTE: ABS is in absolute terms and % MN is percent of the
`mean for the experiments in which the inbred or hybrid was
`grown. PCT designates that the trait is calculated as a per-
`centage. % NOTdesignates the percentage of plants that did
`not exhibit a trait. For example, STKLDG % NOTis the
`percentageofplants in a plot that were notstalk lodged. These
`designators will follow the descriptors to denote how the
`values are to be interpreted. Below are the descriptors used in
`the data tables included herein.
`ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE: resistance to non-bio-
`logical sources of stress conferred by traits such as nitrogen
`utilization efficiency,
`altered nitrogen responsiveness,
`drought resistance, cold, and salt resistance
`ABTSTK=ARTIFICIAL BRITTLE STALK: A count of
`the numberof “snapped”plants per plot following machine
`snapping. A snappedplanthasits stalk completely snappedat
`a node betweenthe base of the plant and the node above the
`ear. Expressed as percent of plants that did not snap.
`ALLELE: Any of one or more alternative forms of a
`genetic sequence. In a diploidcell or organism,the twoalleles
`of a given sequence typically occupy corresponding loci ona
`pair of homologous chromosomes.
`
`2
`ALTER: The utilization of up-regulation, down-regula-
`tion, or gene silencing.
`ANTHESIS: Thetimeof a flower’s opening.
`ANTIOXIDANT:A chemical compoundor substance that
`inhibits oxidation, including but not limited to tocopherol or
`tocotrienols.
`ANT ROT=ANTHRACNOSE STALK ROT (Colletotri-
`chum graminicola): A 1
`to 9 visual rating indicating the
`resistance to Anthracnose Stalk Rot. A higher score indicates
`a higher resistance. Data are collected only whensufficient
`selection pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`BACKCROSSING:Process in which a breeder crosses a
`
`hybrid progeny variety back to one of the parental genotypes
`one or more times.
`
`BACKCROSS PROGENY:Progeny plants produced by
`crossing PH1D84 with plants of another maizeline that com-
`prise a desiredtrait or locus, selecting F1 progeny plants that
`comprise the desired trait or locus, and crossing the selected
`F1 progeny plants with the PH1D84plants 1 or more times to
`produce backcross progeny plants that comprise saidtrait or
`locus.
`
`20
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`55
`
`BARPLT=BARREN PLANTS: Thepercent of plants per
`plot that were not barren (lack ears).
`BLUP=BEST LINEAR UNBIASED PREDICTION.The
`
`BLUPvaluesare determined from a mixed model analysis of
`hybrid performance observations at various locations and
`replications. BLUP values for inbred maize plants, breeding
`values, are estimated from the same analysis using pedigree
`information.
`BORBMN=ARTIFICIAL BRITTLE STALK MEAN:The
`
`mean percent of plants not “snapped” in a plot following
`artificial selection pressure. A snapped plant has its stalk
`completely snapped at a node between the base ofthe plant
`and the node abovethe ear. Expressedas percentofplants that
`did not snap. A high numberis good andindicates tolerance to
`brittle snapping.
`BRENGMN=BRITTLE STALK ENERGY MEAN: The
`mean amount of energy per unit area neededto artificially
`brittle snap a corn stalk. A high numberis good andindicates
`tolerance to brittle snapping.
`BREEDING: The genetic manipulation of living organ-
`isms.
`
`BREEDING CROSS: A cross to introduce new genetic
`material into a plant for the developmentof a new variety. For
`example, one could cross plant A with plant B, wherein plant
`B would be genetically different from plant A. After the
`breedingcross, the resulting F1 plants could then be selfed or
`sibbedfor one, two, three or more times (F1, F2, F3, etc.) until
`a new inbred variety is developed.
`BREEDING VALUE: A relative value determined by
`evaluating the progeny of the parent. For corn the progeny is
`often the F1 generation and the parent is often an inbred
`variety.
`BRLPNE=ARTIFICIAL ROOT LODGING EARLY
`
`SEASON: Thepercent of plants not root lodged in a plot
`following artificial selection pressure applied prior to flow-
`ering. A plant is considered root lodgedif it leans from the
`vertical axis at an approximately 30 degree angle or greater.
`Expressedas percent ofplants that did not root lodge. A high
`numberis good andindicates tolerance to root lodging.
`BRLPNL=ARTIFICIAL ROOT LODGING LATE SEA-
`
`SON:Thepercent ofplants not root lodged in a plot following
`artificial selection pressure during grain fill. A plant is con-
`sidered root lodged if it leans from the vertical axis at an
`approximately 30 degree angle or greater. Expressed as per-
`cent of plants that did not root lodge. A high numberis good
`and indicates tolerance to root lodging.
`
`

`

`US 8,759,636 B1
`
`3
`BRTSTK=BRITTLE STALKS: This is a measure of the
`stalk breakage near the time of pollination, and is an indica-
`tion of whether a hybrid or inbred would snap or break near
`the time of flowering under severe winds. Data are presented
`as percentage of plants that did not snap. Data are collected
`only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experi-
`ment measured.
`BRTPCN=BRITTLE STALKS: This is an estimate of the
`stalk breakage near the time of pollination, and is an indica-
`tion of whether a hybrid or inbred would snap or break near
`the time of flowering under severe winds. Data are presented
`as percentage of plants that did not snap. Data are collected
`only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experi-
`ment measured.
`
`CARBOHYDRATE: Organic compounds comprising car-
`bon, oxygen and hydrogen, including sugars, starches and
`cellulose.
`
`CELL: Cell as used herein includes a plant cell, whether
`isolated, in tissue culture or incorporated in a plant or plant
`part.
`CLDTST=COLD TEST:Thepercentof plants that germi-
`nate undercold test conditions.
`CLN=CORN LETHAL NECROSIS: Synergistic interac-
`tion of maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) in combination
`with either maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV-A or MDMV-
`B) or wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). A 1 to 9 visual
`rating indicating the resistance to Corn Lethal Necrosis. A
`higher score indicates a higherresistance. Data are collected
`only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experi-
`ment measured.
`
`CMSMT=COMMON SMUT: This is the percentage of
`plants not infected with Common Smut. Data are collected
`only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experi-
`ment measured.
`COMRST=COMMONRUST(Puccinia sorghi): A 1 to 9
`visual rating indicating the resistance to Common Rust. A
`higher score indicates a higherresistance. Data are collected
`only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experi-
`ment measured.
`CROSS POLLINATION:Fertilization by the union of two
`gametes from different plants.
`CROSSING: The combination of genetic material by tra-
`ditional methods such as a breeding cross or backcross, but
`also including protoplast fusion and other molecular biology
`methods of combining genetic material from two sources.
`D and D1-Dn: represents the generation of doubled hap-
`loid.
`
`D/D=DRYDOWN:This represents the relative rate at
`which a hybrid will reach acceptable harvest moisture com-
`pared to other hybrids on a 1 to 9 rating scale. A high score
`indicates a hybrid that driesrelatively fast while a low score
`indicates a hybrid that dries slowly.
`DIGENG=DIGESTIBLE ENERGY:Near-infrared trans-
`mission spectroscopy, NIT, prediction of digestible energy.
`DIPERS=D/PLODIA EAR MOLD SCORES (Diplodia
`maydis and Diplodia macrospora): A 1 to 9 visual rating
`indicating the resistance to Diplodia Ear Mold. A higher score
`indicates a higher resistance. Data are collected only when
`sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment mea-
`sured.
`DIPLOID PLANTPART:Refers to a plant part or cell that
`has the same diploid genotype as PH1D84.
`DIPROT=DIPLODIA STALK ROT SCORE: Score of
`
`0
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`55
`
`60
`
`4
`DRPEAR=DROPPED EARS: A measure ofthe number of
`droppedears per plot and represents the percentage of plants
`that did not drop ears prior to harvest. Data are collected only
`whensufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment
`measured.
`
`D/T=DROUGHT TOLERANCE: This represents a 1 to 9
`rating for drought tolerance, and is based on data obtained
`understress conditions. A high score indicates good drought
`tolerance and a low score indicates poor droughttolerance.
`Data are collected only whensufficient selection pressure
`exists in the experiment measured.
`EARHT=EAR HEIGHT:Theear height is a measure from
`the groundto the highest placed developed ear node attach-
`ment and is measured in inches.
`
`EARMLD=GENERAL EAR MOLD: Visualrating (1 to 9
`score) where a 1 is very susceptible and a 9 is very resistant.
`This is based on overall rating for ear mold of mature ears
`without determiningthe specific mold organism, and may not
`be predictive for a specific ear mold. Data are collected only
`when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment
`measured.
`
`EARSZ=EARSIZE: A 1 to 9 visualrating of ear size. The
`higherthe rating the larger theearsize.
`EBTSTK=EARLY BRITTLE STALK: A count of the
`
`numberof “snapped”plants per plot following severe winds
`when the corn plant is experiencing very rapid vegetative
`growth in the V5-V8stage. Expressedas percent ofplants that
`did not snap. Data are collected only whensufficient selection
`pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`ECB1 LF=EUROPEAN CORN BORER FIRST GEN-
`
`ERATION LEAF FEEDING (Ostrinia nubilalis): A 1 to 9
`visual rating indicating the resistance to preflowering leaf
`feeding by first generation European Corn Borer. A higher
`score indicates a higher resistance. Data are collected only
`when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment
`measured.
`ECB2IT=EUROPEAN CORN BORER SECOND GEN-
`
`ERATION INCHES OF TUNNELING(Ostrinia nubilalis):
`Average inches of tunneling per plant in the stalk. Data are
`collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`ECB2SC=EUROPEAN CORN BORER SECOND GEN-
`
`ERATION(Ostrinia nubilalis): A 1 to 9 visual rating indicat-
`ing post flowering degree of stalk breakage and other evi-
`denceof feeding by second generation European Corn Borer.
`A higher score indicates a higher resistance. Data are col-
`lected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`ECBDPE=EUROPEAN CORN BORER DROPPED
`
`EARS(Ostrinia nubilalis): Dropped ears due to European
`Corn Borer. Percentage of plants that did not drop ears under
`second generation European Com Borerinfestation. Data are
`collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`ECBLSI=EUROPEAN CORN BORER LATE SEASON
`
`INTACT(Ostrinia nubilalis): A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating
`late season intactness of the corn plant given damage(stalk
`breakage above and below the top ear) caused primarily by
`2"4 and/or 3Ӣ generation ECB larval feeding before harvest.
`A higherscore is good and indicates more intact plants. Data
`are collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in
`the experiment measured.
`EGRWTH=EARLY GROWTH: This is a measure of the
`
`stalk rot severity due to Diplodia (Diplodia maydis).
`Expressed as a 1 to 9 score with 9 being highly resistant. Data
`are collected only when sufficient selection pressure exists in
`the experiment measured.
`
`relative height and size of a corn seedlingat the 2-4 leaf stage
`of growth. This is a visual rating (1 to 9), with 1 being weak
`or slow growth, 5 being average growth and 9 being strong
`growth. Taller plants, wider leaves, more green mass and
`
`

`

`US 8,759,636 B1
`
`5
`darker color constitute higher score. Data are collected only
`when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment
`measured.
`
`ERTLDG=EARLY ROOT LODGING:‘The percentage of
`plants that do not root lodge prior to or around anthesis; plants
`that lean from the vertical axis at an approximately 30 degree
`angle or greater would be counted as root lodged. Data are
`collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`ERTLPN=EARLY ROOT LODGING:An estimate of the
`
`percentageofplants that do not root lodge prior to or around
`anthesis; plants that lean from the vertical axis at an approxi-
`mately 30 degree angle or greater would be consideredas root
`lodged. Data are collected only when sufficient selection
`pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`ERTLSC=EARLY ROOT LODGING SCORE: Score for
`
`severity of plants that lean from a vertical axis at an approxi-
`mate 30 degree angle or greater which typically results from
`strong windsprior to or around flowering recorded within 2
`weeks of a wind event. Expressed as a 1 to 9 score with 9
`being no lodging. Data are collected only when sufficient
`selection pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS: Aminoacids that cannot be
`synthesized by an organism andtherefore must be supplied in
`the diet.
`ESTCNT=EARLY STAND COUNT:This is a measure of
`the stand establishmentin the spring and represents the num-
`ber of plants that emerge on per plot basis for the inbred or
`hybrid.
`EXPRESSING: Having the genetic potential such that
`under the right conditions, the phenotypictrait is present.
`EXTSTR=EXTRACTABLE STARCH: Near-infrared
`
`transmission spectroscopy, NIT, prediction of extractable
`starch.
`
`EYESPT=EYESPOT (Kabatiella zeae or Aureobasidium
`zeae): A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Eye
`Spot. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. Data are
`collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`FATTY ACID: A carboxylic acid (or organic acid), often
`with a long aliphatic tail (ong chains), either saturated or
`unsaturated.
`
`F1 PROGENY:A progeny plant produced by crossing a
`plant of one maize with a plant of another maizeline.
`FUSERS=FUSARIUM EAR ROT SCORE (Fusarium
`moniliforme or Fusarium subglutinans): A 1 to 9 visualrating
`indicating the resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot. A higher score
`indicates a higher resistance. Data are collected only when
`sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment mea-
`sured.
`
`GDU=GROWING DEGREE UNITS: Using the Barger
`Heat Unit Theory, which assumesthat maize growth occurs in
`the temperature range 50 degrees F. -86 degrees F. and that
`temperatures outside this range slow down growth; the maxi-
`mum daily heat unit accumulation is 36 and the minimum
`daily heat unit accumulationis 0. The seasonal accumulation
`of GDUis a major factor in determining maturity zones.
`GDUSHD=GDU TO SHED: The number of growing
`degree units (GDUs) or heat units required for an inbred
`variety or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the
`plants shedding pollen and is measured from the time of
`planting. Growing degree units are calculated by the Barger
`Method, where the heat units for a 24-hour periodare:
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`6
`
`GDU
`
`_ (Max.
`
`temp. + Min.
`2
`
`temp.)
`
`50
`
`
`
`The units determined by the Barger Method are then
`divided by 10. The highest maximum temperature used is 86
`degrees F. and the lowest minimum temperature used is 50
`degrees F. For each inbred or hybridit takes a certain number
`of GDUs to reach various stages of plant development.
`GDUSLK=GDU TO SILK: The number of growing
`degree units required for an inbred variety or hybrid to have
`approximately 50 percent of the plants with silk emergence
`from time ofplanting. Growing degree units are calculated by
`the Barger Methodas given in GDU SHDdefinition and then
`divided by 10.
`GENE SILENCING:The interruption or suppression of
`the expression of a geneat the level of transcriptionortrans-
`lation.
`
`GENOTYPE: Refers to the genetic mark-up orprofile of a
`cell or organism.
`GIBERS=G/BBERELLA EAR ROT (PINK MOLD)(Gib-
`berella zeae): A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance
`to Gibberella Ear Rot. A higher score indicates a higher
`resistance. Data are collected only when sufficient selection
`pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`GIBROT=G/BBERELLA STALK ROT SCORE: Score of
`stalk rot severity due to Gibberella (Gibberella zeae).
`Expressedas a 1 to 9 score with 9 being highly resistant. Data
`are collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in
`the experiment measured.
`GLFSPT=GRAY LEAF SPOT (Cercospora zeae-maydis):
`A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Gray Leaf
`Spot. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. Data are
`collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`(Corynebacterium
`WILT
`GOSWLT=GOSS’
`nebraskense): A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance
`to Goss’ Wilt. A higher score indicates a higher resistance.
`Data are collected only when sufficient selection pressure
`exists in the experiment measured.
`GRNAPP=GRAIN APPEARANCE: This is a 1 to 9 rating
`for the general appearance of the shelled grain asit is har-
`vested based on such factors as the color of harvested grain,
`any mold on the grain, and any cracked grain. High scores
`indicate good grain visual quality.
`HAPLOID PILANT PART:Refersto a plantpart or cell that
`has a haploid genotype.
`H and H1: Refers to the haploid generation.
`HCBLT=HELMINTHOSPORIUM CARBONUM LEAF
`
`to 9 visual
`BLIGHT (Helminthosporium carbonum): A 1
`rating indicating the resistance to Helminthosporium infec-
`tion. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. Data are
`collected only whensufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`HD SMT=HEAD SMUT(Sphacelotheca reiliana): This
`indicates the percentage of plants not infected. Data are col-
`lected only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the
`experiment measured.
`HSKCVR=HUSK COVER:A 1 to 9 score based on per-
`formancerelative to key checks, with a score of 1 indicating
`very short husks, tip of ear and kernels showing; 5 is inter-
`mediate coverage of the ear under most conditions, some-
`times with thin husk; and a 9 has husks extending and closed
`beyond the tip of the ear. Scoring can best be done near
`physiological maturity stage or any time during dry down
`until harvested.
`
`

`

`US 8,759,636 B1
`
`7
`HTFRM=Near-infrared transmission spectroscopy, NIT:
`prediction of fermentables.
`HYBRID VARIETY:A substantially heterozygous hybrid
`line and minor genetic modifications thereof that retain the
`overall genetics of the hybrid line including butnot limited to
`a locus conversion, a mutation, or a somoclonal variant.
`INBRED: A variety developed through inbreeding or
`doubled haploidy that preferably comprises homozygous
`alleles at about 95% or more of its loci. An inbred can be
`
`reproduced byselfing or growing in an isolation so that the
`plants can only pollinate with the same inbred variety.
`INC D/A=GROSS INCOME (DOLLARS PER ACRE):
`Relative income per acre assuming drying costs of two cents
`per point above 15.5 percent harvest moisture and current
`market price per bushel.
`INCOME/ACRE: Income advantage of hybrid to be pat-
`ented over other hybrid on peracre basis.
`INC ADV=GROSS INCOME ADVANTAGE: Gross
`
`income advantage of variety #1 over variety #2.
`INTROGRESSION:The process of transferring genetic
`material from one genotype to another.
`KERUNT=KERNELSPER UNIT AREA(Acresor Hect-
`ares).
`KERPOP=KERNEL POP SCORE: Thevisual 1-9 rating
`of the amountof rupturing of the kernel pericarp at an early
`stage in grain fill. A higher score is good and indicates no
`popped(ruptured) kernels.
`KER_WT=KERNEL NUMBER PER UNIT WEIGHT
`(Pounds or Kilograms): The numberof kernels in a specific
`measured weight; determined after removal of extremely
`small and large kernels.
`KSZDCD=KERNELSIZE DISCARD: Thepercentofdis-
`card seed; calculated as the sum ofdiscarded tip kernels and
`extra-large kernels.
`LINKAGE: Refers to a phenomenonwhereinalleles onthe
`same chromosometend to segregate together more often than
`expected by chanceif their transmission was independent.
`LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM:Refers to a phenomenon
`wherein alleles tend to remain together in linkage groups
`when segregating from parents to offspring, with a greater
`frequency than expected from their individual frequencies.
`LOCUS: A specific location on a chromosome.
`LOCUS CONVERSION (Also called a TRAIT CON-
`VERSION): A locus conversion refers to plants within a
`variety that have been modified in a mannerthat retains the
`overall genetics of the variety and further comprises one or
`more loci with a specific desired trait, such as male sterility,
`insect control, disease control or herbicide tolerance.
`Examples of single locus conversions include mutant genes,
`transgenes and native traits finely mappedto a single locus.
`Oneor more locus conversiontraits may be introduced into a
`single corn variety.
`L/POP=YIELD AT LOW DENSITY:Yieldability at rela-
`tively low plant densities on a 1 to 9 relative system with a
`higher numberindicating the hybrid responds well to low
`plant densities for yield relative to other hybrids. A 1, 5, and
`9 would represent very poor, average, and very good yield
`response, respectively, to low plant density.
`LRTLDG=LATE ROOT LODGING:The percentage of
`plants that do not root lodge after anthesis through harvest;
`plants that lean from the vertical axis at an approximately 30
`degree angle or greater would be countedas root lodged. Data
`are collected only when sufficient selection pressure exists in
`the experiment measured.
`LRTLPN=LATE ROOT LODGING:An estimate of the
`percentage of plants that do not root lodge after anthesis
`through harvest; plants that lean from the vertical axis at an
`
`8
`approximately 30 degree angle or greater would be consid-
`ered as root lodged. Data are collected only when sufficient
`selection pressure exists in the experiment measured.
`LRTLSC=LATE ROOT LODGING SCORE: Score for
`
`severity of plants that lean from a vertical axis at an approxi-
`mate 30 degree angle or greater which typically results from
`strong windsafter flowering. Recordedprior to harvest when
`a root-lodging event has occurred. This lodging results in
`plants that are leanedor “lodged”overat the baseofthe plant
`and do not straighten or “goose-neck” back to a vertical
`position. Expressed as a 1 to 9 score with 9 being no lodging.
`Data are collected only when sufficient selection pressure
`exists in the experiment measured.
`MALE STERILITY: A male sterile plant is one which
`producesnoviable pollen no (pollenthatis able to fertilize the
`egg to produce a viable seed). Male sterility prevents self
`pollination. These male sterile plants are therefore useful in
`hybrid plant production.
`MDMCPX=MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC COMPLEX
`
`(MDMV=Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus and MCDV=Maize
`Chlorotic Dwarf Virus): A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the
`resistance to Maize Dwarf Mosaic Complex. A higher score
`indicates a higher resistance. Data are collected only when
`sufficient selection pressure exists in the experiment mea-
`sured.
`
`MILKLN=percent milk in mature grain.
`MST=HARVEST MOISTURE: The moistureis the actual
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`percentage moisture of the grain at harvest.
`MSTADV=MOISTURE ADVANTAGE: The moisture
`
`advantage of variety #1 over variety #2 as calculated by:
`MOISTURE of variety
`#2-MOISTURE of variety
`#1=MOISTURE ADVANTAGEofvariety #1.
`NEI DISTANCE: A quantitative measure of percent simi-
`larity betweentwovarieties. Nei’s distance betweenvarieties
`A and B can be defined as 1-(2*numberalleles in common/
`(numberalleles in A+numberalleles in B). For example,if
`varieties A and Bare the samefor 95 out of 100 alleles, the Nei
`distance would be 0.05. If varieties A and B are the samefor
`98 out of 100 alleles, the Nei distance would be 0.02. Free
`software for calculating Nei distance is available on the inter-
`net at multiple locations such as, for example, at: evolution-
`genetics.washington.edu/phylip html. See Nei, Proc Natl
`Acad Sci, 76:5269-5273 (1979) which is incorporated by
`reference for this purpose.
`NLFBLT=NORTHERN LEAF BLIGHT (Helminthospo-
`rium turcicum or Exserohilum turcicum): A 1
`to 9 visual
`rating indicating the resistance to Northern Leaf Blight. A
`higher score indicates a higher resistance. Data are collected
`only when sufficient selection pressure exists in the experi-
`ment measured.
`NUCLEIC ACID: An acidic, chainlike biological macro-
`molecule consisting of multiple repeat units of phosphoric
`acid, sugar, and purine and pyrimidine bases.
`OILT=GRAINOIL: Absolute value of oi] content of the
`kernel as predicted by Near-Infrared Transmittance and
`expressed as a percent of dry matter.
`PERCENT IDENTITY: Percent identity as used herein
`refers to the comparisonofthe alleles present in two varieties.
`For example, when comparing two inbred plants to each
`other, each inbred plant will have the sameallele (and there-
`fore be homozygous)at almostall of their loci. Percent iden-
`tity is determined by comparing a statistically significant
`number of the homozygousalleles of two varieties. For
`example, a percent identity of 90% between PH1D84 and
`other variety means that the two varieties have the same
`homozygousalleles at 90% oftheir loci.
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`

`

`US 8,759,636 B1
`
`9
`PLANT: As used herein, the term “plant” includesrefer-
`ence to an immature or mature wholeplant, including a plant
`that has been detasseled or from which seedor grain has been
`removed. Seed or embryo that will produce the plantis also
`considered to be the plant.
`the term “plant part”
`PLANT PART: As used herein,
`includes leaves, stems, roots, seed, grain, embryo, pollen,
`ovules, flowers, ears, cobs, husks, stalks, root tips, anthers,
`pericarp, silk, tissue, cells andthe like.
`PLATFORMindicates the variety with the base genetics
`and the variety with the base genetics comprising locus con-
`version(s). There can be a platform for the inbred maize
`variety and the hybrid maize variety.
`PLTHT=PLANT HEIGHT:This is a measure ofthe height
`of the plant from the ground tothetip of the tassel in inches.
`POLPRD=POLLEN PRODUCTION SCORE: Theesti-
`
`mated total amountofpollen producedbytassels based on the
`numberof tassel branches and the density of the spikelets.
`POLSC=POLLEN SCORE:A 1 to 9 visualrating indicat-
`ing the amountof pollen shed. The higherthe score the more
`pollen shed.
`POLWT=POLLEN WEIGHT:This is calculated by dry
`weight oftassels collected as shedding commences minusdry
`weight from similar tassels harvested after shedding is com-
`plete.
`POP K/A=PLANT POPULATIONS: Measured as 1000’s
`per acre.
`POP ADV=PLANT POPULATION ADVANTAGE: The
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`40
`
`45
`
`10
`SDGVGR=SEEDLING VIGOR:Thisis the visual rating
`(1 to 9) ofthe amountofvegetative growth after em