Handbook of Engineering
`and Specialty Thermoplastics
`
`Page 1
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`EX-1017 PGR2024-00035
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`

`

`Scrivener Publishing
`3 Winter Street, Suite 3
`Salem, MA 01970
`
`Scrivener Publishing Collections Editors
`
`James E. R. Couper
`Richard Erdlac
`Pradip Khaladkar
`Norman Lieberman
`W. Kent Muhlbauer
`S. A. Sherif
`
`Ken Dragoon
`Rafiq Islam
`Vitthal Kulkarni
`Peter Martin
`Andrew Y. C. Nee
`James G. Speight
`
`Publishers at Scrivener
`Martin Scrivener (martin@scrivenerpublishing.com)
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`Page 2
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`EX-1017 PGR2024-00035
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`

`

`Handbook of
`Engineering
`and Specialty
`Thermoplastics
`Volume 3
`Polyethers and Polyesters
`
`Sabu Thomas and Visakh P.M.
`
`J Scrivener
`©WILEY
`
` 10.1002/9781118104729.fmatter, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118104729.fmatter by Perkins Coie LLP, Wiley Online Library on [04/06/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
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`Page 3
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`EX-1017 PGR2024-00035
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`

`

`Copyright © 2011 by Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.
`
`Co-published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey, and Scrivener Publishing
`LLC, Salem, Massachusetts.
`Published simultaneously in Canada.
`
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`Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their
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`Cover design by Russell Richardson.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
`
`ISBN 978-0-470-63926-9
`
`Printed in the United States of America
`
`10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21
`
` 10.1002/9781118104729.fmatter, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118104729.fmatter by Perkins Coie LLP, Wiley Online Library on [04/06/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
`
`Page 4
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`EX-1017 PGR2024-00035
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`

`Contents
`
`List of Contributors
`
`1.4
`
`1. Engineering and Specialty Thermoplastics:
`Polyethers and Polyesters
`Sabu Thomas and Visakh P. M
`1.1
`Introduction
`1.2 Polyesters Synthesis
`1.3 Polyethers
`1.3.1 Aromatic Polyethers
`Individual Polyethers and Polyesters and Their
`Application
`1.4.1 Poly (Phenylene Oxide)
`1.4.2 Polyether Ether Ketone
`1.4.3 Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)
`1.4.4 Poly(Butylene Terephthalate)
`1.4.5 Polyesters Containing
`Cyclohexanedimethanol Units
`1.4.6. Liquid Crystal Polyesters
`1.4.7 Polylactide
`1.4.8 Thermoplastic Copolyester
`Elastomers (TPEEs)
`1.4.9 Polycarbonate (PC)
`1.5 New Challenges and Opportunities
`References
`
`2. Poly(phenylene oxide)
`Mong Liang
`2.1
`Introduction and History
`2.2 Monomer
`2.3 Polymerization and Mechanism
`2.4 Properties
`2.5 Compounding and Special Additives
`2.6 Processing
`2.7 Applications
`2.8 Environmental Impact and Recycling
`
`xv
`
`1
`
`1
`2
`4
`4
`
`4
`4
`5
`6
`7
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`9
`10
`10
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`11
`12
`13
`13
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`15
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`15
`17
`20
`26
`37
`40
`42
`44
`
`v
`
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`vi
`
`CONTENTS
`
`2.9 Recent Developments in Poly Phenylene Oxide Based
`Blends and Composites
`and Their Applications
`References
`
`3. Polyether Ether Ketone
`Jinwen Wang
`3.1
`Introduction and History
`3.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
`3.3 Properties
`3.3.1 Solution Properties
`3.3.2 Thermal Properties
`3.3.2.1 Melting and Crystallization
`3.3.2.2 Crystallization Kinetics
`3.3.2.3 Spherulites
`3.3.2.4 Decomposition
`3.3.3 Mechanical Properties
`3.3.3.1 Tensile Properties
`3.3.3.2 Fracture Toughness
`3.3.3.3 Tensile Creep
`3.3.3.4 Compressive Properties
`3.3.3.5 Taylor Impact
`3.3.3.6 Tribological Behavior
`3.4 Chemical Properties
`3.5 Environmental Resistance
`3.6 Compounding and Special Additives
`3.7 Processing
`3.8 Applications
`3.9 Environmental Impact and Recycling
`3.10 Recent Developments in PEEK Based
`Blends and Composites and Their Applications
`References
`
`4. Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
`Benedicte Lepoittevin and Philippe Roger
`4.1
`Introduction and History
`4.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
`4.2.1 First Step: Prepolymerization
`4.2.2 Second Step: Polycondensation
`4.2.3 Solid-State Polymerization
`
`45
`51
`
`55
`
`55
`58
`61
`61
`63
`63
`66
`69
`71
`72
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`73
`77
`78
`79
`79
`80
`81
`82
`84
`85
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`100
`101
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` 10.1002/9781118104729.fmatter, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118104729.fmatter by Perkins Coie LLP, Wiley Online Library on [04/06/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
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`CONTENTS
`
`vii
`
`4.3 Solid-State Properties
`4.3.1 Mechanical Properties
`4.3.2 Thermal Properties
`4.3.3 Gas Barrier Properties
`4.3.4 Other Physical Properties
`4.4 Chemical Stability
`4.4.1 Solubility and Chemical
`Resistance of PET
`4.4.2 Hydrolytic Degradation of PET
`4.4.2 Thermal Degradation of PET
`4.4.3 Thermo-oxidative Degradation of PET
`4.5 Compounding and Special Additives
`4.6 Processing
`4.6.1 Extrusion
`4.6.2
`Injection Molding
`4.6.3 Blow Molding
`4.7 Applications
`4.7.1 PET Fibers
`4.7.2 PET Films
`4.7.3 PET Bottles
`4.8 Environmental Impact and Recycling
`4.8.1 Generality about PET Recycling
`4.8.2 Chemical Recycling of PET
`4.8.2.1 Methanolysis
`4.8.2.2 Glycolysis
`4.8.2.3 Hydrolysis
`4.8.2.4 Others methods
`4.8.3 Mechanical Recycling
`4.8.4 Recent Developments in PET Recycling
`4.9 Recent Developments in Poly(ethylene
`terephthalate) Based Blends and Composites
`and Their Applications
`4.9.1 PET Blends
`4.9.1.1 PC/PET blends
`4.9.1.2 PP/PET Blends
`4.9.1.3 PET/PBT Blends
`4.9.2 PET and Layered Silicates
`Nanocomposites
`4.10 Recent Advances in Surface Modification
`of PET Materials
`
`102
`102
`103
`104
`105
`105
`
`105
`106
`107
`108
`109
`109
`110
`110
`110
`112
`112
`113
`114
`115
`115
`116
`116
`117
`117
`118
`119
`120
`
`120
`120
`121
`121
`121
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`122
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`122
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` 10.1002/9781118104729.fmatter, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118104729.fmatter by Perkins Coie LLP, Wiley Online Library on [04/06/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
`
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`viii CONTENTS
`
`4.10.1 Surface Modification by Physical
`Treatment
`4.10.2 Chemical Treatment
`4.10.3 Grafting Polymerization
`References
`
`Poly(butylene terephthalate) - Synthesis, Properties,
`Application
`Vesna V. Antio and Marija V. Pergal
`5.1
`Introduction and History
`5.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
`5.3 Physical and Chemical Properties
`5.4 Processing
`5.5 Applications
`5.6 Compounding and Special Additives
`5.6.1 Colorants and Fillers
`5.6.2 Flame-retardant PBT
`5.6.3 PBT Composites
`5.6.4 PBT Blends
`5.6.4.1 PBT/PET Blends
`5.6.4.2 PBT/PC Blends
`5.6.4.3
`Impact-modified PBT Blends
`5.6.4.4 PBT/polyamide Blends
`5.7 Thermoplastic Polyester Elastomers (TPEE)
`5.7.1 PBT/TPEE Blends and Composites
`5.8 Environmental Impact and Recycling
`5.9 Conclusions
`References
`Polyesters Based on Cyclohexanedimethanol
`A. Martinez de Ilarduya and S. Munoz Guerra
`6.1.
`Introduction and History
`6.1.1 Monomers
`6.1.2 Aliphatic Polyesters and Copolyesters
`6.1.3 Aromatic Polyesters and Copolyesters
`6.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
`6.2.1 Polycondensation in Solution
`6.2.2 Melt Phase Polycondensation
`6.2.3 Ring Opening Polymerization
`6.3 Properties
`6.3.1 Thermal properties
`
`123
`124
`124
`125
`
`127
`
`127
`130
`138
`143
`145
`147
`148
`149
`150
`158
`160
`161
`164
`166
`166
`167
`168
`170
`171
`181
`
`181
`181
`183
`185
`193
`194
`195
`196
`197
`197
`
` 10.1002/9781118104729.fmatter, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118104729.fmatter by Perkins Coie LLP, Wiley Online Library on [04/06/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
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`CONTENTS
`
`ix
`
`6.3.2 Mechanical Properties
`6.3.3 Other Properties
`6.4 Chemical Stability
`6.4.1 Thermal Decomposition
`6.4.2 Chemical Degradation
`6.5 Compounding and Special Additives
`6.6 Processing
`6.7 Applications
`6.8 Environmental Impact and Recycling
`6.9 Recent Developments in Blends and
`Composites and Their Aplications
`6.9.1 Blends
`6.9.2 Composites
`References
`
`7. Bisphenol-A
`Piotr Czub
`7.1
`Introduction and History
`7.2 Fabrication Methods
`7.3 Mineral Acid Catalysts
`7.4
`Ion-exchange Resin Catalysts
`7.5 Solid Acid Catalysts
`7.6 BPA Yield and Selectivity
`7.7 BPA Waste Disposal
`7.8 Alternative Paths for the BPA Synthesis
`7.9 Properties
`7.10 Applications
`7.11 Environmental and Human Health Impact
`References
`
`200
`203
`203
`203
`206
`207
`208
`209
`210
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`211
`211
`214
`215
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`221
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`221
`223
`224
`227
`229
`232
`243
`245
`248
`250
`261
`263
`
`271
`
`8. Liquid Crystal Polyesters
`A.B.Samui and V. Srinivasa Rao
`271
`8.1
`Introduction and History
`272
`8.1.2 Liquid Crystalline Polymers (LCP)
`275
`8.1.3 Polyesters
`8.1.4 Liquid Crystalline Polyesters (LC Polyesters) 276
`8.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
`281
`8.2.1 Polymerization
`281
`8.2.1.1 Co-Polyester
`286
`8.2.1.2 Side Chain LC Polyester
`287
`8.2.1.3 LC Elastomer
`289
`
` 10.1002/9781118104729.fmatter, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118104729.fmatter by Perkins Coie LLP, Wiley Online Library on [04/06/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
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`x CONTENTS
`
`8.2.1.4 Enzymatic Method of LC
`Polyester Synthesis
`8.2.1.5 Microwave-Assisted LC Polyester
`Synthesis
`8.2.2 Fabrication
`8.2.2.1 LC Polymer Blend
`8.2.2.2 LC Polyester Composite
`8.2.2.3 Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal
`8.3 Properties
`8.3.1 Mechanical Properties
`8.3.1.1 Type-1 Copolyester
`8.3.1.2 Type-2 Copolyester
`8.3.1.3 Type-3 Polyester
`8.3.2 Solubility
`8.3.3 Thermal Property
`8.3.4 Transition Temperatures and Textures
`8.3.5 Crystallization
`8.3.6 Morphology and Related Microstructure
`8.3.7 Rheology and Blends
`8.4 Chemical and Thermal Stability
`8.5 Compounding and Special Additives
`8.5.1 Liquid Crystalline Matrix Polymers
`for Aramid Ballistic Composites
`8.6 Processing
`8.6.1
`Injection Molding
`8.6.2 Extrusion
`8.6.3 Secondary Operations
`8.6.3.1 Annealing
`8.6.3.2 Welding
`8.6.3.3 Metallization
`8.6.3.4 Machining
`8.7 Applications
`8.8 Environmental Impact and Recycling
`8.9 Recent Developments in Liquid Crystal Polyesters
`8.9.1 Fabrication of Thin-Walled Portion
`Electronic Component
`
`References
`
`Polylactide
`Minna Hakkaratnen and Anna Finne-Wistrand
`9.1
`Introduction
`9.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
`
`291
`
`292
`292
`292
`295
`299
`300
`300
`301
`302
`304
`307
`311
`311
`317
`318
`319
`320
`323
`
`323
`325
`325
`327
`327
`327
`328
`329
`330
`330
`334
`335
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`339
`340
`
`349
`
`349
`350
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` 10.1002/9781118104729.fmatter, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118104729.fmatter by Perkins Coie LLP, Wiley Online Library on [04/06/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
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`CONTENTS
`
`xi
`
`9.2.1 Polycondensation
`9.2.2 Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP)
`9.3 Properties
`9.4 Chemical Stability
`9.5 Compounding and Special Additives
`9.6 Processing
`9.6.1 Extrusion
`9.6.2
`Injection Molding
`9.6.3 Foams
`9.7 Applications
`9.7.1 Biomedical Applications
`9.7.2 Packaging
`9.7.3 Fiber and Textile Applications
`9.7.4 Other Applications
`9.8 Environmental Impact and Recycling
`9.8.1 Production
`9.8.2 Composting
`9.8.3 Recycling and Incineration
`9.8.4 Degradation Products and
`Their Environmental Impact
`9.9 Recent Developments in Polylactide-based
`Blends and Their Applications
`9.9.1 Polylactide Biocomposites
`9.9.2 Polylactide Nanocomposites
`9.9.3 Toughening of Polylactide
`9.9.4 Polylactide Stereocomplex
`References
`
`10. Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers
`Jasna Djonlagic and Marija S. Ntkoltc
`10.1 Introduction and History
`10.2 Polymerization and Fabrication of
`Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers
`10.3 Structure of Thermoplastic Copolyester
`Elastomers
`10.3.1 Block-length Distributions of
`Poly(ether ester)s
`10.3.2 The Phase Structure and
`Morphology of Poly(ether ester)s
`10.4 Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic
`Copolyester Elastomers
`10.4.1 Stress-strain Behavior
`
`351
`353
`355
`356
`357
`361
`362
`363
`363
`364
`364
`364
`365
`365
`366
`366
`367
`367
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`368
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`369
`370
`370
`371
`371
`372
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`377
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`383
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`389
`389
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` 10.1002/9781118104729.fmatter, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118104729.fmatter by Perkins Coie LLP, Wiley Online Library on [04/06/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
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`xii
`
`CONTENTS
`
`10.4.2 Dynamic Mechanical Properties
`10.5 Thermoplastic Copolyester
`Elastomers with Different Chemical
`Composition
`10.5.1 Copolyesters with Different Hard
`and Soft Segments
`10.5.1.1 Hard Segments
`10.5.1.2 Soft Segments
`10.5.2 Unsaturated Copoly(ether ester)s
`10.5.3 Biodegradable Poly(ether ester)s
`10.6 Chemical Stability of Thermoplastic
`Copolyester Elastomers
`10.7 Compounding and Special Additives for
`Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers
`10.8 Processing of Thermoplastic Copolyester
`Elastomers
`10.9 Applications of Thermoplastic
`Copolyester Elastomers
`10.10 Environmental Impact and Recycling of
`Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers
`10.11 Recent Developments in Thermoplastic
`Copolyester Elastomers Based Blends and
`Composites and Their Applications
`10.12 Conclusions and Future Trends
`in Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers
`References
`
`11.
`
`Poly (me th) aery late s
`Qintnin Pan, Hut Wang, Garry L. Rempel
`11.1
`Introduction
`11.2 Polymerization
`11.2.1 Monomers
`11.2.2
`Initiator
`11.3 Polymerization Techniques
`11.3.1 Free Radical Polymerization
`11.3.1.1 Mechanism of Free Radical
`Polymerization
`11.3.1.2 Radical Formation and Chain
`Initiation
`11.3.1.3 Chain Propagation
`11.3.1.4 Termination
`
`393
`
`394
`
`394
`394
`396
`403
`404
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`407
`
`409
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`409
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`413
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`414
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`416
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`419
`420
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`429
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`429
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`431
`439
`439
`441
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`441
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`441
`442
`442
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`11.3.2
`11.3.3
`11.3.4
`11.3.5
`11.3.6
`
`11.3.7
`
`11.3.8
`
`CONTENTS xiii
`
`443
`
`443
`444
`444
`445
`446
`448
`448
`451
`
`453
`455
`455
`456
`
`458
`
`462
`462
`465
`466
`468
`468
`469
`469
`470
`470
`471
`471
`471
`473
`473
`473
`474
`474
`474
`476
`477
`477
`477
`
`11.3.1.5 Rate of Polymerization
`11.3.1.6 Fabrication of Free Radical
`Polymerization
`Bulk (or mass) Polymerization
`Solution Polymerization
`Suspension Polymerization
`Emulsion Polymerization
`Surfactant
`11.3.6.1 Single-tail Surfactant
`11.3.6.2 Gemini-type Surfactant
`Other Ingredients in Emulsion
`Polymerization
`Other Forms of Emulsion systems
`11.3.8.1 Microemulsion
`11.3.8.2 Miniemulsion
`11.3.8.3 Semi-batch or Semi-continuous
`Emulsion
`Controlled or Living Radical
`Polymerization (C/LRP)
`11.3.10 ATRP
`NMP
`11.3.11
`11.3.12
`RAFT
`11.4 Processing
`11.4.1 Molding
`11.4.2 Thermoforming
`11.4.3
`Casting
`11.4.4
`Extrusion
`11.4.5 Coating
`11.5 Applications
`11.5.1 Bulk Material
`11.5.1.1 Windows
`11.5.1.2 Artificial Marble Stone
`11.5.1.3 Optical Lens
`11.5.1.4 Music Machines
`11.5.1.5 Solar Energy
`Medical Fields
`11.5.2.1 Drug Delivery Carriers
`11.5.2.2 Medical Machines
`11.5.2.3 Medical Devices
`Fluid Material
`11.5.3.1 Coating
`
`11.3.9
`
`11.5.2
`
`11.5.3
`
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`
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`

`CONTENTS
`
`11.5.3.2 Adhesive
`11.5.3.3 Film
`11.5.6 Other Applications
`11.6 Environmental Impact, Degradation, and Recycling
`11.7 Recent Advances in Poly(meth)acrylate
`Based Blends and Composites
`Acknowledgement
`References
`
`Polycarbonates
`Filippo Samperi, Maurizio S. Montaudo, and
`Giorgio Montaudo
`12.1
`Introduction and History
`12.2 Polymerization and Fabrication
`12.2.1 Synthesis of Commercial Polycarbonate
`12.2.2 Aliphatic Polycarbonates:
`12.3 Properties
`12.4 Chemical Stability
`12.5 Thermal Stability
`12.6 Thermo and Photo-oxidative Stability
`12.7 Compounding and Special Additives
`12.8 Processing
`12.9 Applications
`12.10 Environmental Impact and Recycling
`12.11 Recent Developments in Blends and
`Composites Based on Polycarbonate
`12.11.1
`Impact Modified PC Blends
`12.11.2 PC/Polyester Blends
`References
`Index
`
`478
`479
`479
`480
`
`481
`483
`483
`
`493
`
`493
`495
`495
`500
`502
`509
`512
`515
`517
`517
`518
`519
`
`519
`521
`521
`526
`529
`
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`
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`List of Contributors
`
`Vesna Antic earned his Ph.D in polymer science in 2003 from the
`University of Belgrade. Between 1991 and 2009 she worked at
`the Polymer Department of the Institute of Chemistry, Technology
`and Metallurgy as a research scientist. From 2009 she is Associate
`Professor of Organic Chemistry at the Department of Agriculture
`of the University of Belgrade. She has published more than
`30 scientific papers. Her major research interests include the syn-
`thesis of new silicon-containing homopolymers and copolymers,
`especially thermoplastic elastomers based on hard poly(butylene
`terephtalate), and investigation of various polymer properties,
`such as their behavior at high and low temperatures, rheology
`and morphology, as well as the application of polymers as
`biocompatible materials.
`Piotr Czub is an Associate Professor at the Department of
`Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of
`Technology (Poland). He held Visiting Research Fellowships at
`the University of Surrey (UK), Universite Jean-Monnet (France),
`and the Institut für Kunststoffprüfung und Kunststoffkunde,
`Universität Stuttgart (Germany). He also worked as a Chief
`Process Engineer at a company engaged in developing and manu-
`facturing industrial polymer floor and wall coating systems, and
`protective polymer coatings. He obtained his Ph.D in 1999 in
`Polymer Technology from Cracow University of Technology. His
`research interests include polymer development and modification
`(especially epoxy resins), polymeric materials for optoelectronic
`applications, polymer rheology, and, bio-based polymers and
`nanocomposites. He has authored more than 55 scientific publi-
`cations, 1 book, 9 book chapters, and 14 patents.
`
`Jasna Djonlagic is a Professor at the Faculty of Technology
`and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade. She received her Ph.D
`
`xv
`
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`xvi
`
`LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
`
`at the same institution in 1988. Since 1990 she has been teach-
`ing 'Macromolecular Chemistry' and also 'Principles in Polymer
`Synthesis' and 'Polymer Rheology'. Her major research activities
`are in the field of polymer synthesis, especially thermoreactive
`polymers, thermoplastic elastomers, biodegradable polyesters and
`their rheological behavior. She has published more than 60 scientific
`papers in various international and national journals and partici-
`pated in 30 research projects. Since 2005 she is subeditor for Polymers
`in the Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society (JSCS).
`Anna Finne-Wistrand completed her doctoral degree in Polymer
`Technology 2003 at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH),
`Sweden. After the completing her studies she worked in the wood
`adhesive industry. She resumed her academic career in 2005 at KTH
`as an Assistant Professor and, since 2010, as an Associate Professor
`in Polymer Technology. Her current research interest is focused
`on synthesis and fabrication of designed polymer scaffolds, the
`possibilities to direct cell function and tissue regeneration.
`Minna Hakkarainen received her M.Sc. in Polymer Chemistry in
`1992 from the University of Helsinki in Finland and her Ph.D in
`Polymer Technology in 1996 from the Royal Institute of Technology
`(KTH) in Sweden. In 2002 she was appointed Associate Professor
`and 2011 Professor in Polymer Technology at KTH. Her research
`interests include degradable and renewable polymers for packaging
`and biomedical applications, degradation and long-term proper-
`ties of polymers as well as development of Chromatographie and
`mass spectrometric techniques for analysis of polymers and their
`interaction with the environment.
`Benedicte Lepoittevin has been an Assistant Professor in Polymer
`Chemistry at the University of Paris-sud (France) since 2002. Prior
`to this she spent one year at the University of Bordeaux as post-
`doctoral fellow where she studied the synthesis of star and den-
`dritic polymers using atom transfer radical polymerization. In
`2000 she defended a Ph.D thesis at the University of Paris VI on
`the synthesis cyclic polymers by controlled radical and anionic
`polymerizations under the supervision of Prof. Patrick Hemery.
`Her scientific interests include PET surface modification, controlled
`radical polymerization and polymer synthesis using carbohydrates
`and essential oils derivatives in order to obtain polymer materials
`with antibacterial properties.
`
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`LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
`
`xvii
`
`Antxon Martinez de Ilarduya was born in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava
`(Spain) in 1964. He graduated in Polymer Chemistry in 1987
`and finished his Ph.D studies at the Chemistry Faculty of San
`Sebastian (EHU-UPV) in 1994. In 1993 he moved to Barcelona
`and specialized in the field of NMR spectroscopy of polymers.
`He is working now as Research Director in the Industrial and
`Biotechnological Polymer group of the Technological University
`of Catalonia (UPC). He has authored around 90 articles in inter-
`national journals, 4 patents, and has presented about 140 com-
`munications to national and international congresses. In 1991 he
`became a member of the Spanish Royal Society of Chemistry and
`Physics (Polymer Group).
`Mong Liang is an Associate Professor of applied chemistry at the
`National Chiayi University in Taiwan. He received his B.S degree in
`Chemistry from Tunghai University in 1981 and Ph.D degree from
`Kansas State of University in 1990 with David Macomber and Eric
`Maatta in the field of organometallic synthesis. After one and half
`years at University of Toronto with Ian Manners working on the
`inorganic polymers, he returned to National Tsing Hua University
`in 1992 and worked with Show-An Chen. He has been working
`in industry for twelve years in catalyst development and polymer
`synthesis including several know-how project designs and semi-
`commercial plant operations. In 2004, he joined National Chiayi
`University. His current research interest is on the synthetic macro-
`molecular in organic, inorganic and bioconjugate chemistry.
`
`Giorgio Montaudo, Ph.D is a Professor in the Department of
`Chemistry, University of Catania, Italy. He has been Director of the
`ICTMP-Catania of the CNR of Italy. Dr. Montaudo received a Ph.D
`in chemistry from the University of Catania. He was a postdoctoral
`associate at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (1966) and at the
`University of Michigan (1967-68 and 1971) and he was a Humboldt
`Foundation Fellow at Mainz University. Dr. Montaudo has been
`active in the field of the synthesis, degradation, and characteri-
`zation of polymeric materials by Mass Spectrometry. He is the
`author of more than 300 publications in international journals and
`chapters in books.
`
`Maurizio Montaudo
`the National
`is a Staff Researcher at
`Research Council Institute for Chemistry of Polymeric Materials,
`
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`xviii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
`
`Catania (Italy) Author of more than 50 publications and of 18
`international invited lectures. He is currently working in the field
`of characterization of polymers and copolymers. He is an edito-
`rial board member of Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry.
`Research interests: Structural characterization of polymers by mass-
`spectrometric techniques; MALDI for the analysis of polymers
`and copolymers; chain statistics applied to copolymer sequence
`analysis; MonteCarlo simulations; Bivariate distributions of chain
`size, and composition in high conversion copolymers.
`Sebastian Munoz-Guerra completed his Ph.D
`in Organic
`Chemistry in 1974 at the University of Seville. After postdoctoral
`work on crystal structure and morphology of non-conventional
`nylons, he initiated research on synthesis and characterization of
`bio-based polymers and copolymers. Since 1987, he is full Professor
`in Chemical Engineering at the Technical University of Catalonia in
`Barcelona. His current research is focussed on the development of
`polyesters, polyamides and polyurethanes derived from carbohy-
`drates with special attention paid to industrial aromatic polyesters,
`as well as on modification of microbial biopolymers with thera-
`peutic interest. He has authored more than 200 peer reviewed
`papers and several book chapters, and has been granted more than
`15 patents on these issues.
`Marija S. Nikolic
`the Faculty of
`is Assistant Professor at
`Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade. She was
`a member of Prof. Weller's group at the Institute of Physical
`Chemistry, University of Hamburg where she has received Ph.D
`in 2007. Since 2009, she has been teaching 'Basic Chemistry IF
`and 'Nanotechnology' and is also involved in teaching activities
`in the 'Macromolecular Chemistry' course. Her research activi-
`ties include synthesis and characterization of various polymers,
`especially biodegradable and biocompatible polymers suitable
`for colloidal nanoparticles stabilization and functionalization. In
`these scientific fields she has published 16 papers in international
`and national scientific journals.
`
`Visakh P.M is a Research Fellow at the School of Chemical Science
`Mahatma Gandhi University, India. He has co-edited several books
`with Sabu Thomas and has written many journal articles and book
`chapters. His research interests include: polymer nanocomposites,
`
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`
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`LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
`
`xix
`
`liquid crystalline polymers, rubber-based
`bio-nanocomposites,
`nanocomposites, and fire retardant polymers
`
`Qinmin Pan received her Ph.D degree from Zhejiang University and
`became an assistant Professor of Zhejiang University in the same
`year, where she became a full Professor in 1995. She had academic
`experience in INSA de Rouen and at the University of Waterloo
`for a number of years. She currently holds Chair Professor position
`and serves as Director of the Institute of Chemical Engineering and
`Technology and Vice-Director (Executive) of Green Polymer and
`Catalysis Laboratory of Soochow University, and also an Adjunct
`Professor of the University of Waterloo. Her research interests are in
`Chemical Engineering, Applied Catalysis and Polymer Materials.
`
`Marija Pergal, MSc, works at