U.S. Patent No. 12,268,475
`Petition for Inter Partes Review
`
`
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`___________
`SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.,
`SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS AMERICA, INC.,
`FOSSIL GROUP, INC.,
`FOSSIL STORES I, INC.,
`FOSSIL PARTNERS, L.P.,
`OURA HEALTH OY, AND
`ONEPLUS TECHNOLOGY (SHENZHEN) CO., LTD.
`
`Petitioners,
`
`v.
`
`OMNI MEDSCI, INC.,
`
`Patent Owner.
`
`___________
`
`Case IPR2025-01254
`Patent No. 12,268,475
`
`___________
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
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`Petitioner WHOOP, Inc. Ex1055
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
` Page
`I.  INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 
`II.  MANDATORY NOTICES UNDER 37 C.F.R. §42.8 ................................... 3 
`A.  Real Party-in-Interest ........................................................................... 3 
`B.  Related Matters ..................................................................................... 3 
`C.  Lead and Back-Up Counsel .................................................................. 5 
`III.  PAYMENT OF FEES .................................................................................... 6 
`IV.  REQUIREMENTS FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW ..................................... 7 
`A.  Grounds for Standing ........................................................................... 7 
`B.  Identification of Challenge ................................................................... 7 
`1.  The Specific Art on Which the Challenge Is Based .................. 7 
`2.  Statutory Grounds on Which the Challenge Is Based ............... 8 
`V.  ’475 PATENT AND PROSECUTION HISTORY ........................................ 8 
`A.  ’475 ....................................................................................................... 8 
`B.  Prosecution History ............................................................................ 10 
`VI.  §325(d) AND §314(a) DISCRETION DOES NOT APPLY ....................... 12 
`A.  §325(d) ............................................................................................... 12 
`B.  §314(a) ................................................................................................ 14 
`VII.  LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART .......................................... 16 
`VIII.  CLAIM CONSTRUCTION ......................................................................... 17 
`A.  “modulating”/“modulation” limitations ([13]) ................................... 18 
`B.  Additional Terms Discussed in ’484 and ’533 IPRs and District
`Courts ................................................................................................. 18 
`IX.  GROUNDS OF UNPATENTABILITY ....................................................... 19 
`A.  Collateral Estoppel Applies to Most of the Challenged Claims ........ 19 
`B.  Ground 1: Lisogurski in combination with knowledge of a
`POSITA (Claims 1, 8, 11) .................................................................. 21 
`1.  Overview of Lisogurski ........................................................... 21 
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`2.  Motivation to Modify Lisogurski ............................................ 26 
`3.  Claim Limitations .................................................................... 29 
`C.  Ground 2: Lisogurski in view of Tran (Claims 5, 7) ......................... 59 
`1.  Overview of Tran ..................................................................... 59 
`2.  Motivation to Combine Lisogurski and Tran .......................... 60 
`3.  Claim limitations ...................................................................... 64 
`D.  Grounds 3-4: Lisogurski in view of LeBoeuf (Claims 6-7) ............... 66 
`1.  Overview of LeBoeuf .............................................................. 66 
`2.  Motivation to Combine Lisogurski and LeBoeuf .................... 68 
`3.  Claim Limitations .................................................................... 70 
`E.  Grounds 5-8: Grounds 1-4 in further view of Carlson (claims 1,
`5-8, 11-13) .......................................................................................... 72 
`1.  Overview of Carlson ................................................................ 72 
`2.  Motivation to Combine ............................................................ 73 
`3.  Claim limitations ...................................................................... 75 
`X.  SECONDARY CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................... 76 
`XI.  CONCLUSION ............................................................................................. 77 
`
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`EXHIBIT LIST
`Exhibit No. DESCRIPTION
`1001 U.S. Patent No . 12,268,475 (“’475”)
`1002 File History of U.S. App lication No. 18/927,698 (“’475FH”)
`1003 Declaration of Brian Anthony in Support of Petition for Inter
`Partes Review of U.S. Patent No. 12,268,475 (“Anthony”)
`1004
`Declaration of Brian Anthony in Support of Petition for Inter
`Partes Review of U.S. Patent No. 9,651,533 submitted in
`IPR2019-00916, Ex. 1003 (“’533-Anthony”)
`1005 Apple Inc. v. Omni Medsci, Inc., No. IPR2019-00916, Paper 1
`(P.T.A.B. Apr. 10, 2019) (“’533-Pet.”)
`1006 Apple Inc. v. Omni Medsci, Inc., No. IPR2019-00916, Paper 23
`(P.T.A.B. Jan. 31, 2020) (“’533-POR”)
`1007 Apple Inc. v. Omni Medsci, Inc., No. IPR2019-00916, Paper 16
`(P.T.A.B. Oct. 18, 2019) (“’533-Inst.”)
`1008 Apple Inc. v. Omni Medsci, Inc., No. IPR2019-00916, Paper 39
`(P.T.A.B. Oct. 14, 2020) (“’533-FWD”)
`1009 Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Apple Inc., No. 21-01229, ECF 69 (Fed.
`Cir. June 8, 2022)
`1010
`Declaration of Brian Anthony in Support of Petition for Inter
`Partes Review of U.S. Patent No. 10,517,484 submitted in
`IPR2021-00453, Ex. 1003 (“’484-Anthony”)
`1011 Apple Inc. v. Omni Medsci, Inc., No. IPR2021-00453, Paper 1
`(P.T.A.B. Jan. 22, 2021) (“’484-Pet.”)
`1012 Apple Inc. v. Omni Medsci, Inc., No. IPR2021-00453, Paper 10
`(P.T.A.B. Nov. 12, 2021) (“’484-POR”)
`1013 Apple Inc. v. Omni Medsci, Inc., No. IPR2021-00453, Paper 7
`(P.T.A.B. Au
`g. 6, 2021) (“’484-Inst.”)
`1014 Apple Inc. v. Omni Medsci, Inc., No. IPR2021-00453, Paper 11
`(P.T.A.B. Feb. 4, 2022) (“’484-Pet.-Repl
`y”)
`1015 Apple Inc. v. Omni Medsci, Inc., No. IPR2021-00453, Paper 22
`(P.T.A.B. Au
`g. 3, 2022) (“’484-FWD”)
`1016 Apple Inc. v. Omni Medsci, Inc., No. IPR2021-00453, Paper 26
`(P.T.A.B. Feb. 14, 2025) (“’484-RFWD”)
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`Exhibit No. DESCRIPTION
`1017 Apple Inc. v. Omni MedSci, Inc., No. 2023-1034, No. 23-01034,
`ECF 44 (Fed. Cir. June 21, 2024)
`1018 Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Apple Inc., 2:18-cv-00134-RWS, Dkt. No.
`211 (E.D. Tex. June 24, 2019)
`1019 Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Apple Inc., 2:18-cv-00429-RWS, Dkt. No.
`152 (E.D. Tex. Aug. 14, 2019)
`1020
`Second Amended Docket Control Order, June 16, 2025. Omni
`MedSci, Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. et al., No. 2:24-cv-
`01070-JRG-RSP (E.D. Tex.)
`1021 Reserved
`1022
`Plaintiff's Disclosure of Asserted Claims & Infringement
`Contentions, May 9, 2025. Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Samsung
`Electronics Co., Ltd. et al., No. 2:25-CV-00483-JRG-RSP (E.D.
`Tex.)
`1023
`Defendants’ Supplemental Invalidity and Subject Matter
`Eligibility Contentions, July 18, 2025. Omni MedSci, Inc. v.
`Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. et al., No. 2:24-cv-01070-JRG-
`RSP (E.D. Tex.)
`1024 Reserved
`1025 U.S. Patent No. 9,241,676 (“Lisogurski”)
`1026 U.S. Patent Pub. No . 2010/0217102 (“LeBoeuf”)
`1027 U.S. Patent No. 8,108,036 (“Tran”)
`1028 U.S. Patent Pub. No. 2005/0049468A1 (“Carlson”)
`1029-1030 Reserved
`1031 U.S. Patent No. 8,050,730 (“Zhang”)
`1032 Reserved
`1033 U.S. Patent Pub. No . 2011/0237911 (“Lamego”)
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`Exhibit No. DESCRIPTION
`1034 U.S. Patent No. 5,942,749 (“Takeuchi”)
`1035 U.S. Patent No . 5,822,473 (“Magel”)
`1036 US Patent 5, 592,124 (“Mullins”)
`1037 E.F. Schubert, Light-Emitting Diodes (Cambridge Univ. Press,
`2nd ed. reprinted 2014)
`1038 “The Biomedical Engineering Handbook,” by Joseph D. Bronzino
`(1995)
`1039 U.S. Patent No. 8,079,735 (“Vakil”)
`1040-1043 Reserved
`1044 U.S. Patent No. 5, 511,553 (“Segalowitz”)
`1045 U.S. Patent No. 6,801,799 (“Mendelson”)
`1046-1047 Reserved
`1048 U.S. Pat. No. 9,239,951 (“Hoffberg”)
`1049 U.S. Pat. Pub. 2007/0194939 (“Alvarez”)
`1050-1051 Reserved
`1052 U.S. Patent No . 8,996,088 (“Dasco”)
`1053 U.S. Patent Pub. No . 2007/0149868 (“Blank”)
`1054 U.S. Patent No. 8,852,103 (“Rothberg”)
`1055-1056 Reserved
`1057 U.S. Patent No. 8,922,788 (“Addison”)
`1058 JP3552090 (“Denso”) (Certified English Translation)
`1059 JP3552090 (“Denso”)
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`Exhibit No. DESCRIPTION
`1060-1063 Reserved
`1064 U.S. Patent No. 5,554,273 (“Demmin”)
`1065 U.S. Patent No. 5,953,713 (“Behbehani”)
`1066-1080 Reserved
`1081 U.S. Patent No. 9,651,533 (“’533”)
`1082 U.S. Patent No. 10,517,484 (“’484”)
`1083
`Declaration of Brian Anthony in Support of Petition for Inter
`Partes Review of U.S. Patent No. 9,861,286 submitted in
`IPR2019-00914, Ex. 1003
`1084 Declaration of Jonathan Bradford
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`TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS
`Abbreviation DESCRIPTION
`Claims / Challenged
`Claims Claims 1, 5-8, 11-13 of the ’475
`IPR Inter Partes Review
`Petitioners
`Petitioners Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung
`Electronics America Inc., Fossil Group, Inc., Fossil
`Stores I, Inc., Fossil Partners, L.P., Oura Health Oy,
`and OnePlus Technolo
`gy (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.
`PO Patent Owner
`POSITA Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art
`Board Patent Trial and Appeal Board
`EDTX Eastern District of Texas
`Texas Case Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
`et al., No. 2:24-cv-01070-JRG-RSP (E.D. Tex.)
`’533-IPR Apple Inc. v. Omni Medsci, Inc., No. IPR2019-
`00916 (P.T.A.B.)
`’484-IPR Apple Inc. v. Omni Medsci, Inc., No. IPR2021-
`00453 (P.T.A.B.)
`Related EDTX Cases
`Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Apple Inc., 2:18-cv-00134-
`RWS (E.D. Tex.)
`Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Apple Inc., 2:18-cv-00429-
`RWS (E.D. Tex.)
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`LIST OF CHALLENGED CLAIMS
`[1.pre] An apparatus adapted to be worn by a user comprising:
`[1.a] one or more biosensors adapted to be placed on the user,
`[1.b] wherein one or more physiological parameters are measured,
`[1.c] wherein measuring of the one or more physiological parameters
`comprises a differential measurement, and wherein the one or more physiological
`parameters comprises a pulse rate monitoring and a blood flow measurement;
`[1.d] a light source comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes that are
`configured to generate an output opti cal light having one or more optical
`wavelengths;
`[1.e] one or more lenses configured to receive at least a portion of the output
`optical light and to deliver a lens output light to tissue comprising skin;
`[1.f] a detection system configured to re ceive at least a portion of the lens
`output light reflected from the tissue and to generate an output signal having a signal-
`to-noise ratio,
`[1.g] wherein the detection system is conf igured to be synchronized to the
`light source,
`[1.h] wherein the detection system comprises a plurality of detectors that are
`spatially separated from each other, and wherein at least one analog to digital
`converter is coupled to at least one of the plurality of detectors;
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`[1.i] wherein the output signal is indicative of the one or more physiological
`parameters;
`[1.j] the apparatus being configured to increase the signal-to-noise ratio by
`increasing light intensity of at least one of the plurality of light emitting diodes from
`an initial light intensity; and
`[1.k] the detection system further conf igured to: generate a first signal
`responsive to light received while the light emitting diodes are off,
`[1.l] generate a second signal responsive to light received while at least one
`of the light emitting diodes is on, and
`[1.m] increase the signal-to-noise ratio by comparing the first signal and the
`second signal; and
`[1.n] wherein the apparatus is at least in part configured to determine, based
`at least in part on the output signal, that the apparatus is being worn by the user.
`[5] The apparatus of claim 1, wherei n the apparatus further comprises a
`processor configured to be coupled to a non-transitory computer readable medium,
`and wherein the apparatus including the pr ocessor is configured to use artificial
`intelligence in making decisions associated with at least a portion of the output
`signal.
`[6] The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of light emitting diodes
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`comprises six light emitting diodes, and wherein the detection system comprises the
`plurality of detectors arranged along an arc.
`[7] The apparatus of claim 6, wherein th e apparatus is further configured to
`communicate with a smart phone or a tablet, the smart phone or the tablet comprising
`a wireless receiver, a wireless transmitter, a display, a speaker, a voice input module,
`one or more buttons or knobs, a microprocessor, and a touch screen.
`[8.pre] A wearable device configured to be worn by a user, the wearable
`device comprising:
`[8.a] a light source configured to be on or off, responsive to the light source
`being on, the light source generates an output light;
`[8.b] a lens positioned to direct at least a portion of the output light towards a
`bodily tissue of the user;
`[8.c] a detector; and
`[8.d] a processor configured to: (i) responsive to the light source being on and
`the detector receiving at least a portion of the output light that is reflected from the
`bodily tissue of the user, generate a first output signal having a first signal-to-noise
`ratio; and
`[8.e] (ii) responsive to the light source be ing off and the detector receiving
`ambient light, generate a second output signal having a second signal-to-noise ratio;
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`[8.f] (iii) generate a third output signal using at least a portion of the first
`output signal and at least a portion of the second output signal, the third output signal
`having a third signal-to-noise ratio that is greater than the first signal-to-noise ratio
`and greater than the second signal-to-noi se ratio, the third output signal being
`associated with a physiological parameter of the user; and
`[8.g] (iv) determine, based at least in pa rt on the third output signal, that the
`wearable device is being worn by the user.
`[11] The wearable device of claim 8, wher ein at least a portion of the output
`light has an optical wavelength betwee n about 700 nanometers and about 2500
`nanometers.
`[12] The wearable device of claim 8, wherein the physiological parameter of
`the user is associated with a blood constituent or a blood flow of the user.
`[13] The wearable device of claim 8, wherein the processor is further
`configured to modulate the light source with a modulation frequency.
`
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`Pursuant to §§311-319 and §42.1, 1 Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung
`Electronics America Inc., Fossil Group, Inc. , Fossil Stores I, Inc., Fossil Partners,
`L.P., Oura Health Oy, and OnePlus Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (“Petitioners”)
`respectfully petition for inter partes review of claims 1, 5-8, 11-13 (“Challenged
`Claims” or “Claims”) of U.S. Patent No. 12,268,475 (Ex.1001, “’475”). There is a
`reasonable likelihood—and it is highly likely— that at least one Challenged Claim is
`unpatentable as explained he rein. Petitioners request review of the Claims and
`judgment finding them unpatentable under §103.
`I. INTRODUCTION
`The Board already found claim limitati ons identical and/or substantially
`identical to those in the ’475 unpatentable in IPR2019-00916 (’533-IPR) and
`IPR2021-00453 (’484-IPR). See generally §§IX.B-E; Anthony, ¶¶9-12, 42-43,
`68-336. Estoppel thus precludes Patent Owner Omni MedSci, Inc. (“PO” or
`“Omni”) from relitigating unpatentability of those identical or substantially identical
`limitations in the ’475. See Samsung Elecs. Co., Ltd. v. Netlist, Inc. ,
`
`1 Section cites are to 35 U.S.C. (pre-AIA) or 37 C.F.R. as context indicates. All
`emphasis/annotations added unless noted. Figure annotations herein generally quote
`the Claims for reference. Citations he rein are exemplary and not meant to be
`limiting.
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`IPR2025-00002, Paper 17 at 17-24 (PTAB May 15, 2025 ) (“Patent Owner is
`collaterally estopped” as to obviousness of all challenged claims, based on FWDs
`relying on the same ground to find “substan tially similar” lim itations in related
`patents obvious).
`Similar to the claims at issue in the ’533- and ’484-IPRs, the ’475 is generally
`directed to a physiological measurem ent system comprising a wearable
`measurement device with light sources and detectors to generate an output signal
`with physiological parameters to be transmitted to a smart phone/tablet which
`communicates processed data to cloud based server for additional processing, and
`common techniques to improve signal-to-n oise ratio of such signals. ’475 ,
`20:59-21:13, 35:32-37:4, 58:1-22, 70:8-27, 79:7-13. Anthony, ¶¶40-43.
`
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`’475, FIG. 24. Anthony, ¶44.
`Additional limitations in the ’475 Claims at most recite a wearable device’s
`common locations, measurements, confi gurations and com ponents, along with
`methods for using such a device. See generally §§IX.B-E. All such additional
`limitations were well-known in the art. See generally §§IX.B-E. Anthony, ¶¶40-43.
`Accordingly, Petitioners request that th e Board institute trial and find the
`Claims unpatentable.
`II. MANDATORY NOTICES UNDER 37 C.F.R. §42.8
`A. Real Party-in-Interest
`Petitioners Samsung Electronics Co. Lt d., Samsung Electronics America,
`Inc., Fossil Group, Inc., Fossil Stores I, Inc., Fossil Partners, L.P., Oura Health Oy,
`and OnePlus Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. , in addition to Ouraring, Inc. and
`Guangdong OPPO Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd., are the real parties-in-
`interest. No other party ha d access to or control over the present Petition, and no
`other party funded or participated in preparation of the present Petition.
`B. Related Matters
`The ’475 is the subject of the following co-pending civil actions:
` Omni Medsci, Inc. v. Samsung El ectronics. Co., Ltd. et al. ,
`2:24-cv-01070-JRG-RSP (E.D. Tex) (“Texas Case”); and
` Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Whoop, Inc., 1:25-cv-00140-JLH (D. Del.).
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`The ’484, which is related to the ’475, is also subject to the following appeal:
`Omni Medsci, Inc. v. Apple, Inc., No. 25-1646 (Fed. Cir.).
`Petitioners are concurrently filin g a petition for PGR of the ’475,
`PGR2025-00063 (“’475-PGR”). See Petitioners’ Ranking a nd Explanation of
`Parallel Petitions accompanying this Petition.
`Petitioners are also concurrently filing petitions for IPR of the related U.S.
`Patent Nos. 9,651,533 (IPR2025-01250), 10,874,304 (IPR2025-01251), 11,160,455
`(IPR2025-01252), and 12,193,790 (IPR2025-01253), and a petition for PGR of the
`related U.S. Patent No. 12,193,790 (P GR2025-00064). Petitioners are further
`concurrently filing a petition for IPR of U.S. Patent No. 9,055,868 (IPR2025-01249)
`asserted in the Texas Case.
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`C. Lead and Back-Up Counsel
`Lead Counsel Backup Counsel
`James L. Davis, Jr.
`Reg. No. 57,325
`ROPES & GRAY LLP
`525 University Avenue, 8th Floor
`Palo Alto, CA 94301
`Phone: +1-650-617-4000
`Fax: +1-617-235-9492
`james.l.davis@ropesgray.com
`
`Samsung-Omni-Ropes-IPR-
`Service@ropesgray.com
`
`Mailing address for all PTAB
`correspondence:
`ROPES & GRAY LLP
`IPRM—Floor 43
`Prudential Tower
`800 Boylston Street
`Boston, Massachusetts 02199-3600
`Hyun-Joong Kim
`Reg. No. 79,936
`ROPES & GRAY LLP
`1211 Avenue of the Americas
`New York, NY 10036
`Phone: +1 212-596-9000
`Fax: +1-617-235-9492
`Daniel.Kim@ropesgray.com
`
`Frances Zhang
`Reg. No. 73,589
`ROPES & GRAY LLP
`2099 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
`Washington, DC 20006-6807
`Phone: +1-202-508-4600
`Fax: +1-617-235-9492
`frances.zhang@ropesgray.com
` Jasjit S. Vidwan
`Reg. No. 72,080
`MAYER BROWN LLP
`1999 K Street, NW
`Washington, DC 20006-1101
`Tel.: 202.263.3065
`JVidwan@mayerbrown.com
`
`Robert G. Pluta
`Reg. No. 50,970
`MAYER BROWN LLP
`71 S. Wacker Drive
`Chicago, IL 60606
`Tel.: 312.701.8641
`RPluta
`@mayerbrown.com
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`Lead Counsel Backup Counsel
` Jared A. Smith
`Reg. No. 73,749
`FISH & RICHARDSON P.C.
`12860 El Camino Real, Suite 400
`San Diego, CA 92130
`Phone: +1 858-678-4702
`Fax: +1 858-678-5099
`jasmith@fr.com
`
`Ricardo J. Bonilla
`Reg. No. 65,190
`FISH & RICHARDSON P.C.
`1717 Main Street, Suite 5000
`Dallas, TX 75201
`Phone: +1 214-760-6150
`Fax: +1 214-747-2091
`rbonilla@fr.com
`
` Jack Shaw
`Reg. No. 72,262
`CHERRY JOHNSON SIEGMUND
`JAMES PC
`8140 Walnut Hill Lane, Suite 105
`Dallas, Texas 75231
`Tel: 254-732-2242
`Fax: 866-627-3509
`jshaw@cjsjlaw.com
`
`Petitioners consent to electronic service of documents to the email addresses
`identified above.
`III. PAYMENT OF FEES
`The undersigned authorizes the Office to charge the fee required by §42.15(a)
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`and any additional fees that might be due to Deposit Account No. 18-1945, under
`Order No. 110797-0060-657.
`IV. REQUIREMENTS FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`A. Grounds for Standing
`Pursuant to §42.104(a), Petitioners certi fy the ’475 is available for IPR.
`Petitioners and any real parties-in-interest are not barred or estopped from requesting
`IPR challenging the Claims on the grounds identified herein. While the ’475 issued
`less than nine months ago, PO in the Texas Case asserts that the ’475 is entitled to a
`priority date of 12/31/2012. Ex.1022, 8-9. Petitioners do not contest PO’s assertion
`of the 12/31/2012 priority date here. Therefore, under PO’s own admission, the ’475
`is available for IPR under §42.102(a)(2).
`B. Identification of Challenge
`Pursuant to §§42.104(b) and (b)(1), Petitioners request IPR of the Claims and
`that the Board cancel the same as unpatentable.
`1. The Specific Art on Which the Challenge Is Based
`Petitioners rely upon the following art (Anthony, ¶¶68-70):
`Name Ex. Publication Filed Published/
`Issued
`Prior art
`under at
`least
`Lisogurski 1025 US 9,241,676 5/31/2012 1/26/2016 §102(e)
`Tran 1027 US 8,108,036 6/18/2009 1/31/2012 §102(e)
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`LeBoeuf 1026 US 2010/0217102 1/21/2010 8/26/2010 §102(b)
`Carlson 1028 US 2005/0049468 9/3/ 2003 3/3/2005 §102(b)
`
`Each of the above references is prior art to the Claims based on 12/31/2012,
`the earliest provisional application priority date listed in the ’475’s priority claim.
`2
`2. Statutory Grounds on Which the Challenge Is Based
`Ground Claim(s) Basis References
`1 1, 6-8, 11-13
`§103
`Lisogurski
`2 5, 7 Lisogurski in view of Tran
`3-4 6-7 Grounds 1-2 in further view of LeBoeuf
`5-8 1, 5-8, 11-13 Grounds 1-4 in further view of Carlson
`
`V. ’475 PATENT AND PROSECUTION HISTORY
`A. ’475
`’475 Figure 24 shows an embodiment of the physiological measurement
`system:
`
`2 If AIA applies, these re ferences are prior art unde r §102(a)(1) and/or §102(a)(2)
`for the same reason. Petitioners take no position as to the appropriate priority date
`of the ’475.
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`’475, 35:32-37:4. Wearable measurement device 2401 with processor 2402 and
`transmitter 2403 communicates measurements to smart phone/tablet 2405. ’475,
`35:32-52. An application program in smart phone/tablet 2405 processes the
`measurement and communicates the processed data to cloud based server 2407 for
`additional processing, e.g., pattern matching algorithms. See ’475, 35:53-37:4.
`Wearable device 2401 comprises one or more biosensors that can be placed on a
`user’s body to measure physiological parameters of the user by using a differential
`measurement, in which two measurements taken from closely spaced regions of the
`body are subtracted from one another. ’475, 8:39-44, 23:31-48. The physiological
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`parameter can include a pulse rate, blood flow, and/or blood constituent. ’475,
`8:45-47, 17:34-18:11. Wearable device 2401 further includes a light source
`comprising of a plurality of light emitting diodes configured to generate an output
`optical light with a plurality of optical wavelengths. ’475, 8:47-50. The light source
`can be modulated. ’475, 16:25-27, 58:5-19, 70:12-24, 74:26-46. Wearable device
`2401 further comprises lenses to receive and direct light from the semiconductor
`sources to the user’s tissue, and a detection system that receives the light reflected
`from the tissue and to generate an output signal having a signal-to-noise ratio. ’475,
`8:50-57. The detection system comprises spatially separated detectors which can be
`located on arc. ’475, 8:57-60. The ’475 patent describes several common techniques
`to improve signal processing to select th e constituents of interest, including using
`increased light intensity, modulation, lock-in, and dark subtraction techniques. ’475,
`20:59-21:13, 58:1-22, 70:8-27, 79:7-13. Th e detection system generates multiple
`signals that are compared to increase the signal-to-noi se ratio, and, in some
`embodiments, the wearable device includes a processor to do the same. ’475,
`8:64-9:3, 9:13-26. The wearable device can detect, based on the output signal,
`whether it is being worn by a user, and, in some embodiments, this functionality is
`performed by a processor. ’475, 9:4-5, 9:13-28. Anthony, ¶¶44-46.
`B. Prosecution History
`The ’475 issued from U.S. Pat. App. 18/927,698, filed 10/25/2024. Following
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`an Examiner interview, the Applicant filed a terminal disclaimer in view of other
`applications or patents in the patent family, including Application Nos. 18/899,012
`18/891,970 and U.S. Patent Nos. 12,193,790, 11,896,346, 9,494,567, 9,993,159,
`10,441,176, 11,564,577, 9,500, 635, 9,164,032, and 9, 500,634. ’475FH, 1082-84,
`1090. The pending claims were then allowed without a rejection. ’475FH,
`1195-1204. In the Notice of Allowance, th e Examiner stated that the prior art does
`not disclose: “output…indicative of…physiological parameters,” “increase the
`signal-to-noise ratio by increasing intensity of…light emitting diodes,”
`“increase…signal-to-noise ratio by compari ng the first signal [responsive to light
`when LEDs are off] and the second signal [responsive to light when LEDs are on],”
`“determine…that the apparatus is being worn by the user,” “generate a third output
`signal using…[a] first output signal [having a first signal-to- noise ratio]…and [a]
`second output signal [having a second signal-to-noise ratio and responsive to the
`light source being off and the detector receiving ambient light],” “third output signal
`having a third signal-to-noise ratio that is greater than the first [and second] output
`signal[s],” “third output signal being associated with a physiological parameter,” and
`“determine, based…on the third output signal, that the wearable device is being worn
`by the user.” ’475FH, 1195-1204. For the reasons set forth below, Lisogurski alone
`or in view of Tran, LeBoeuf , and/or Carlson discloses these limitations. See
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`§§IX.B-E. Anthony, ¶¶47-50.
`VI. §325(D) AND §314(A) DISCRETION DOES NOT APPLY
`A. §325(d)
`Under the Advanced Bionics framework, there is no basis for discretionary
`denial under §325(d) as the grounds raised by this Petition are not the same or
`substantially the same as the art and ar guments raised during prosecution of
`the ’475. Advanced Bionics, LLC v. MED-EL Elektromedizinische Geräte GmbH ,
`IPR2019-01469, Paper 6 at 8 (PTAB, Feb. 13, 2020) (precedential).
` The grounds raised by this Petition are not the same or substantially
`same as the art and arguments raised during prosecution. Id. The Examiner did
`not consider the references relie d upon in this Petition. Although Lisogurski,
`LeBoeuf, Tran, and Carlson were cited in an IDS during prosecution (’475FH,
`1136, 1139, 1159, 1184), and while the ’533-Pet., ’533-Anthony-Declaration,
`’533-FWD, ’484-Pet., and ’484-Anthony-Declaration were also cited in an IDS
`(’475FH, 1120, 1160-1161, 1165), Lisogurski, LeBoeuf, Tran, or Carlson were
`never considered in combination or used as the basis for a rejection, nor were any of
`the aforementioned ’533- and ’484-IPR materials relied on as a basis for a rejection.
`Sony v. MZ Audio Scis., LLC, IPR2022-01544, Paper 12 at 7 (PTAB April 21, 2023)
`(§325(d) discretion is improper where “E xaminer did not consider the specific
`combination of references asserted.”). Indeed, the Examiner never issued a rejection
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`during the ’475 prosecution. See §V.B. Further, while the ’484-FWD was rendered
`prior to the issuance of the ’475, neither it nor the ’484-RFWD were cited in an IDS
`in the ’790 or any of the applications to which the ’475 claims priority before the
`’475 issued.
`Even if the art and arguments were substantially the same, the Examiner
`erred in a manner material to the patentability of the Claims. Where the
`“Examiner did not expressly consider” Lisogurski, LeBoeuf, Tran, or Carlson, it
`is difficult, if not impossible to explai n “why the Examiner allowed the claims” or
`“how the Examiner might have considered the arguments presented in the Petition.”
`Bowtech, Inc. v. MCP IP, LLC, IPR2019-00379, Paper 14, at 20 (PTAB July 3, 2019)
`(not exercising §325(d) discretion). If th e Examiner had considered substantially
`the same art or arguments, it was error to allow the Claims because, e.g., the
`Examiner failed to reject the Claims over re ferences or combinations of references
`teaching each of the limitations that the Examiner found not disclosed in the prior
`art (§V.B). See §§IX.B-E. Indeed, the Board in the ’484-IPR and ’533-IPR already
`found unpatentable limitations identical or substantially identical to those in the
`Claims based on Lisogurski, Tran, and/or Carlson, as applied herein (see §§IX.B-E
`(citing prior FWDs)). It was material error for the Examiner to fail to apply the same
`grounds during prosecution. Anthony, ¶¶47-50.
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`The Board should not deny institution