`In the Supreme Court of the United States
`
`
`
`UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PETITIONER
`v.
`IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES LLC, ET AL.
`
`
`
`ON PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI
`TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
`FOR THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT
`
`PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI
`
`
`
`
`
` JEFFREY B. WALL
`Acting Solicitor General
`Counsel of Record
`MALCOLM L. STEWART
`Deputy Solicitor General
`JONATHAN C. BOND
`JONATHAN Y. ELLIS
`Assistants to the Solicitor
`General
`SCOTT R. MCINTOSH
`MELISSA N. PATTERSON
`COURTNEY L. DIXON
`Attorneys
`Department of Justice
`Washington, D.C. 20530-0001
`SupremeCtBriefs@usdoj.gov
`(202) 514-2217
`
`NICHOLAS T. MATICH
`Acting General Counsel
`THOMAS W. KRAUSE
`Solicitor
`FARHEENA Y. RASHEED
`Deputy Solicitor
`MOLLY R. SILFEN
`DANIEL KAZHDAN
`Associate Solicitors
`United States Patent and
`Trademark Office
`Alexandria, Va. 22314
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Additional Captions Listed Inside
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`EUGENE H. LUOMA, ET AL.
`EUGENE H. LUOMA, ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`PFIZER INC., ET AL.
`PFIZER INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`ALAN STUART, TRUSTEE FOR THE CECIL G. STUART AND
`ALAN STUART, TRUSTEE FOR THE CECIL G. STUART AND
`DONNA M. STUART REVOCABLE LIVING TRUST
`DONNA M. STUART REVOCABLE LIVING TRUST
`AGREEMENT, ET AL.
`AGREEMENT, ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`VILOX TECHNOLOGIES, LLC, ET AL.
`VILOX TECHNOLOGIES, LLC, ET AL.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`VAPORSTREAM, INC., ET AL.
`VAPORSTREAM, INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’1).
`v.
`DOCUMENT SECURITY SYSTEMS, INC., ET AL.
`DOCUMENT SECURITY SYSTEMS, INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`VIRNETX, INC., ET AL.
`VIRNETX, INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`CONCERT PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., ET AL.
`CONCERT PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`AGROFRESH, INC., ET AL.
`AGRoFRESH, INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`POLARIS INNOVATIONS LTD., ET AL.
`POLARIS INNOVATIONS LTD., ET AL.
`
`
`
`UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PETITIONER
`UNITED STATES OF AME RICA, PETITIONER
`”U.
`v.
`POLARIS INNOVATIONS LTD., ET AL.
`POLARIS INNOVATIONS LTD., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’1).
`v.
`DOCUMENT SECURITY SYSTEMS, INC., ET AL.
`DOCUMENT SECURITY SYSTEMS, INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`SOUND VIEW INNOVATIONS, LLC, ET AL.
`SOUND VIEW INNOVATIONS, LLC, ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`SOUND VIEW INNOVATIONS, LLC, ET AL.
`SOUND VIEW INNOVATIONS, LLC, ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`VIRNETX INC., ET AL.
`VIRNETX INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`DRONE-CONTROL, LLC, ET AL.
`DRONE-CONTROL, LLC, ET AL.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`PROMPTU SYSTEMS CORP., ET AL.
`PROMPTU SYSTEMS CORP., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’1).
`v.
`IRON OAK TECHNOLOGIES, LLC, ET AL.
`IRON OAK TECHNOLOGIES, LLC, ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’1).
`v.
`HIGH 5 GAMES, LLC
`HIGH 5 GAMES, LLC
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`PROTIVA BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., ET AL.
`PROTIVA BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`PROMPTU SYSTEMS CORP., ET AL.
`PROMPTU SYSTEMS CORP., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`POLARIS INNOVATIONS LTD.
`POLARIS INNOVATIONS LTD.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`AMGEN INC., ET AL.
`AMGEN INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`STEUBEN FOODS, INC., ET AL.
`STEUBEN FOODS, INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’1).
`v.
`NORTH STAR INNOVATIONS, INC., ET AL.
`NORTH STAR INNOVATIONS, INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`POLARIS INNOVATIONS LTD.
`POLARIS INNOVATIONS LTD.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’1).
`v.
`NEXT CALLER, INC., ET AL.
`NEXT CALLER, INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`HORIZON PHARMA USA, INC., ET AL.
`HORIZON PHARMA USA, INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PETITIONER
`UNITED STATES OF AME RICA, PETITIONER
`”U.
`v.
`ROVI GUIDES, INC., ET AL.
`ROVI GUIDES, INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`DALI WIRELESS INC., ET AL.
`DALI WIRELESS INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`INTEX RECREATION CORP., ET AL.
`INTEX RECREATION CORP., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’1).
`v.
`TEAM WORLDWIDE CORP., ET AL.
`TEAM WORLDWIDE CORP., ET AL.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`GREE, INC., ET AL.
`GREE, INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`KONINKLIJKE KPN N.V., ET AL.
`KONINKLIJKE KPN N.V., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`PERSONALIZED MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS, LLC, ET AL.
`PERSONALIZED MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS, LLC, ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’1).
`v.
`JHO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HOLDINGS, LLC
`JHO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HOLDINGS, LLC
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`SIGNATURE SYSTEMS, LLC, ET AL.
`SIGNATURE SYSTEMS, LLC, ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`”U.
`v.
`BOLORO GLOBAL LTD.
`BOLORO GLOBAL LTD.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`QUESTIONS PRESENTED
`1. Whether, for purposes of the Appointments
`Clause, U.S. Const. Art. II, § 2, Cl. 2, administrative pa-
`tent judges of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office are
`principal officers who must be appointed by the Presi-
`dent with the Senate’s advice and consent, or “inferior
`Officers” whose appointment Congress has permissibly
`vested in a department head.
`2. Whether the court of appeals erred by adjudicat-
`ing Appointments Clause challenges brought by liti-
`gants that had not presented such a challenge to the
`agency.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(I)
`
`
`
`PARTIES TO THE PROCEEDING
`Petitioners in this Court are the United States of
`America, which intervened in the court of appeals in
`Nos. 2018-2156, 2019-1408, 2019-1485, 2018-1768,
`2019-1215, 2019-1216, 2019-1218, 2019-1293, 2019-1294,
`and 2019-1295, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 2403(a); and
`Andrei Iancu, Under Secretary of Commerce for Intel-
`lectual Property and Director, U.S. Patent and Trade-
`mark Office, who intervened in the court of appeals in
`Nos. 2019-2315, 2019-1871, 2019-1873, 2019-1875,
`2019-1876, 2019-2224, 2019-1994, 2019-2238, 2019-2057,
`2019-2231, 2019-2290, 2019-2337, 2020-1030, 2019-2339,
`2019-2281, 2019-1671, 2019-2011, 2019-2243, 2019-1202,
`2019-2430, 2020-1154, 2020-1155, 2017-2593, 2017-2594,
`2019-2210, 2019-2223, 2019-2276, 2019-2318, 2019-2368,
`2019-2369, 2019-2388, 2020-1024, 2020-1183, 2020-1253,
`2019-1484, 2019-2171, 2020-1082, 2020-1083, 2020-1295,
`2020-1296, 2020-1297, 2020-1298, 2020-1299, 2019-1483,
`2020-1291, 2020-1164, 2020-1045, 2020-1141, 2020-1142,
`2020-1143, 2020-1149, 2020-1150, 2020-1151, 2020-1147,
`2020-1069, 2020-1162, 2019-2447, 2020-1197, 2020-1198,
`and 2020-1319, pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 143, and was the ap-
`pellee in Nos. 2019-2330, 19-2349, 19-2351, and 19-2353.
`Respondents in this Court are AgroFresh, Inc.,
`which was the appellant in the court of appeals in
`No. 2019-2243; Alan Stuart, Trustee for the Cecil G. Stu-
`art and Donna M. Stuart Revocable Living Trust Agree-
`ment, and CDS Development LLC, which were the ap-
`pellants in the court of appeals in Nos. 2019-1994 and
`2019-2238; American Express Co. and American Ex-
`press Travel Related Services Co., Inc., which were the
`appellees in the court of appeals in No. 2020-1319;
`Amgen Inc. and Amgen Manufacturing Ltd., which were
`the appellants in the court of appeals in No. 2019-2171;
`
`(II)
`
`
`
`III
`
`Apple Inc., which was the appellee in the court of appeals
`in Nos. 2020-1197 and 2020-1198; Bestway (USA), Inc.,
`which was an appellee in the court of appeals in
`Nos. 2020-1141, 2020-1142, 2020-1143, 2020-1147,
`2020-1149, 2020-1150, and 2020-1151; Boloro Global Ltd.,
`which was the appellant in the court of appeals in
`Nos. 19-2349, 19-2351, and 19-2353; Cisco Systems, Inc.,
`which was the appellant in the court of appeals in
`No. 2019-1671; Comcast Cable Communications, LLC,
`which was the appellee in the court of appeals in Nos.
`2019-1215, 2019-1216, 2019-1218, 2019-1293, 2019-1294,
`2019-1295, 2019-2368, 2019-2369, and 2020-1253; Comm-
`Scope Technologies LLC, which was the appellee in the
`court of appeals in No. 2020-1045; Concert Pharmaceuti-
`cals, Inc., which was the appellant in the court of appeals
`in No. 2019-2011; Cree, Inc., which was an appellee in
`the court of appeals in No. 2019-2281; Dali Wireless
`Inc., which was the appellant in the court of appeals
`in No. 2020-1045; Document Security Systems, Inc.,
`which was the appellant in the court of appeals in
`Nos. 2019-2281 and 2019-2430; Dr. Reddy’s Laborato-
`ries, Inc., which was the appellee in the court of appeals
`in No. 2020-1164; Drone-Control, LLC, which was the
`appellant in the court of appeals in Nos. 2019-2210,
`2019-2223, 2019-2276, and 2019-2318; Eugene H. Luoma,
`who was the appellant in the court of appeals in
`No. 2019-2315; Gree, Inc., which was the appellant in the
`court of appeals in Nos. 2020-1069 and 2020-1162; GT
`Water Products, Inc., which was the appellee in the
`court of appeals in No. 2019-2315; High 5 Games, LLC,
`which was the appellant in the court of appeals in
`No. 2020-1024; Horizon Pharma USA, Inc. and Nuvo
`Pharmaceuticals (Ireland) Designated Activity Co.,
`which were the appellants in the court of appeals in
`
`
`
`
`
`IV
`
`No. 2020-1164; Hulu, LLC, which was the appellee in the
`court of appeals in No. 2020-1155; Image Processing
`Technologies LLC, which was the appellant in the court
`of appeals in Nos. 2018-2156, 2019-1408, and 2019-1485;
`Incyte Corp., which was the appellee in the court of ap-
`peals in No. 2019-2011; Intex Recreation Corp., which
`was the appellant in the court of appeals in Nos.
`2020-1141, 2020-1142, 2020-1143, 2020-1149, 2020-1150,
`and 2020-1151, and an appellee in No. 2020-1147; Iron
`Oak Technologies, LLC, which was the appellant in the
`court of appeals in No. 2019-2388; JHO Intellectual
`Property Holdings, LLC, which was the appellant in the
`court of appeals in No. 2019-2330; Kingston Technology
`Co., Inc., which was the appellee in the court of appeals
`in Nos. 2018-1768 and 2019-1202; Koninklijke KPN N.V.,
`which was the appellant in the court of appeals in
`No. 2019-2447; LG Electronics, Inc., HTC America, Inc.,
`and Lenovo (United States) Inc., which were the appel-
`lees in the court of appeals in No. 2019-2447; Micron
`Technology, Inc., which was the appellee in the court
`of appeals in Nos. 2020-1295, 2020-1296, 2020-1297,
`2020-1298, and 2020-1299; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.,
`Sanofi Pasteur Inc., and SK Chemicals Co., Ltd.,
`which were the appellees in the court of appeals in
`Nos. 2019-1871, 2019-1873, 2019-1875, 2019-1876, and
`2019-2224; Moderna Therapeutics, Inc., which was the
`appellee in the court of appeals in No. 2020-1183; Nestle
`USA, Inc., which was the appellee in the court of appeals
`in Nos. 2020-1082 and 2020-1083; Next Caller, Inc.,
`which was the appellant in the court of appeals in
`No. 2020-1291; North Star Innovations, Inc., which was
`the appellant in the court of appeals in Nos. 2020-1295,
`2020-1296, 2020-1297, 2020-1298, and 2020-1299; Person-
`
`
`
`
`
`V
`
`alized Media Communications, LLC, which was the ap-
`pellant in the court of appeals in Nos. 2020-1197 and
`2020-1198; Pfizer Inc., which was the appellant in the
`court of appeals in Nos. 2019-1871, 2019-1873, 2019-1875,
`2019-1876, and 2019-2224; Polaris Innovations Ltd.,
`which was the appellant in the court of appeals in
`Nos. 2018-1768, 2019-1202, 2019-1483, and 2019-1484;
`Promptu Systems Corp., which was the appellant in the
`court of appeals in Nos. 2019-2368, 2019-2369, and
`2020-1253; Protiva Biotherapeutics, Inc., which was the
`appellant in the court of appeals in No. 2020-1183; Rovi
`Guides, Inc., which was the appellant in the court of ap-
`peals in Nos. 2019-1215, 2019-1216, 2019-1218, 2019-1293,
`2019-1294, and 2019-1295; RPM International, Inc., and
`Rust-Oleum Corp., which were the cross-appellants in
`the court of appeals in Nos. 2019-1994 and 2019-2238;
`Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., and Samsung Electron-
`ics America, Inc., which were the appellees in the court
`of appeals in No. 2018-2156, and the cross-appellants in
`Nos. 2019-1408 and 2019-1485; Seoul Semiconductor Co.,
`Ltd. and Seoul Semiconductor, Inc., which were
`appellees in the court of appeals in Nos. 2019-2281 and
`2019-2430; Signature Systems, LLC, which was the ap-
`pellant in the court of appeals in No. 2020-1319; Snap
`Inc., which was the appellee in the court of appeals in
`Nos. 2019-2231, 2019-2290, 2019-2337, 2019-2339, and
`2020-1030; Sound View Innovations, LLC, which was the
`appellant in the court of appeals in Nos. 2020-1154 and
`2020-1155; Steuben Foods, Inc., which was the appellant
`in the court of appeals in Nos. 2020-1082 and 2020-1083;
`Supercell Oy, which was the appellee in the court of ap-
`peals in Nos. 2020-1069 and 2020-1162; SZ DJI Technol-
`ogy Co., Ltd., which was the appellee in the court of
`appeals in Nos. 2019-2210, 2019-2223, 2019-2276, and
`
`
`
`
`
`VI
`
`2019-2318; Team Worldwide Corp., which was the appel-
`lant in the court of appeals in No. 2020-1147, and the
`cross-appellant in Nos. 2020-1141, 2020-1142, 2020-1143,
`2020-1149, 2020-1150, and 2020-1151; TRUSTID, Inc.,
`which was the appellee in the court of appeals in
`No. 2020-1291; Unified Patents Inc., which was the ap-
`pellee in the court of appeals in Nos. 2019-2057 and
`2019-2388; Unified Patents, LLC, which was the appellee
`in the court of appeals in No. 2020-1154; UPL Ltd., which
`was the appellee in the court of appeals in No. 2019-2243;
`Vaporstream, Inc., which was the appellant in the court
`of appeals in Nos. 2019-2231, 2019-2290, 2019-2337,
`2019-2339, and 2020-1030; Vilox Technologies, LLC,
`which was the appellant in the court of appeals in
`No. 2019-2057; and VirnetX Inc., which was the appellant
`in the court of appeals in Nos. 2017-2593, 2017-2594, and
`2019-1671.
`
`RELATED PROCEEDINGS
`United States Court of Appeals (Fed. Cir.):
`Image Processing Techs. LLC v. Samsung
`Elecs. Co., No. 2018-2156 (Dec. 5, 2019)
`Image Processing Techs. LLC v. Samsung
`Elecs. Co., Nos. 2019-1408 and 2019-1485
`(Dec. 5, 2019)
`Luoma v. GT Water Prods., Inc., No. 2019-2315
`(Jan. 17, 2020)
`Pfizer Inc. v. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.,
`Nos. 2019-1871, 2019-1873, 2019-1875, 2019-1876,
`and 2019-2224 (Jan. 21, 2020)
`Stuart v. RPM Int’l, Inc., Nos. 2019-1994 and
`2019-2238 (Jan. 21, 2020)
`
`
`
`
`
`VII
`
`Vilox Techs., LLC. v. Unified Patents Inc.,
`No. 2019-2057 (Jan. 21, 2020)
`Vaporstream, Inc. v. Snap Inc., Nos. 2019-2231,
`2019-2290, 2019-2337, and 2020-1030
`(Jan. 23, 2020)
`Vaporstream, Inc. v. Snap Inc., No. 2019-2339
`(Jan. 23, 2020)
`Document Security Sys., Inc. v. Seoul Semiconduc-
`tor Co., No. 2019-2281 (Jan. 23, 2020)
`VirnetX Inc. v. Cisco Sys., Inc., No. 2019-1671
`(Jan. 24, 2020)
`Concert Pharm., Inc. v. Incyte Corp., No. 2019-2011
`(Jan. 24, 2020)
`AgroFresh, Inc. v. UPL Ltd., No. 2019-2243
`(Jan. 24, 2020)
`Polaris Innovations Ltd. v. Kingston Tech. Co.,
`No. 2019-1202 (Jan. 27, 2020)
`Polaris Innovations Ltd. v. Kingston Tech. Co.,
`No. 2018-1768 (Jan. 31, 2020)
`Document Security Sys., Inc. v. Seoul Semiconduc-
`tor Co., No. 2019-2430 (Feb. 3, 2020)
`Sound View Innovations, LLC v. Unified Patents,
`LLC, No. 2020-1154 (Feb. 3, 2020)
`Sound View Innovations, LLC v. Hulu, LLC,
`No. 2020-1155 (Feb. 3, 2020)
`VirnetX Inc. v. Iancu, Nos. 2017-2593 and
`2017-2594 (Feb. 27, 2020)
`Drone-Control, LLC v. SZ DJI Tech. Co.,
`Nos. 2019-2210, 2019-2223, 2019-2276, and
`2019-2318 (Feb. 27, 2020)
`
`
`
`
`VIII
`
`Promptu Sys. Corp. v. Comcast Cable Commc’ns,
`LLC, Nos. 2019-2368 and 2019-2369
`(Feb. 27, 2020)
`Iron Oak Techs., LLC v. Unified Patents Inc.,
`No. 2019-2388 (Feb. 27, 2020)
`High 5 Games, LLC v. Iancu, No. 2020-1024
`(Feb. 27, 2020)
`Protiva Biotherapeutics, Inc. v. Moderna Thera-
`peutics, Inc., No. 2020-1183 (Feb. 27, 2020)
`Promptu Sys. Corp. v. Comcast Cable Commc’ns,
`LLC, No. 2020-1253 (Feb. 27, 2020)
`Polaris Innovations Ltd. v. Iancu, No. 2019-1484
`(Mar. 24, 2020)
`Amgen Inc. v. Iancu, No. 2019-2171 (Mar. 24, 2020)
`Steuben Foods, Inc. v. Nestle USA, Inc.,
`No. 2020-1082 (Mar. 30, 2020)
`Steuben Foods, Inc. v. Nestle USA, Inc.,
`No. 2020-1083 (Mar. 30, 2020)
`North Star Innovations, Inc. v. Micron Tech., Inc.,
`Nos. 2020-1295 and 2020-1296 (Mar. 30, 2020)
`North Star Innovations, Inc. v. Micron Tech., Inc.,
`No. 2020-1297 (Mar. 30, 2020)
`North Star Innovations, Inc. v. Micron Tech., Inc.,
`Nos. 2020-1298 and 2020-1299 (Mar. 30, 2020)
`Polaris Innovations Ltd. v. Iancu, No. 2019-1483
`(Apr. 9, 2020)
`Next Caller, Inc. v. TRUSTID, Inc., No. 2020-1291
`(Apr. 16, 2020)
`
`
`
`
`
`IX
`
`Horizon Pharma USA, Inc. v. Dr. Reddy’s Labs.,
`Inc., No. 2020-1164 (Apr. 17, 2020)
`Rovi Guides, Inc. v. Comcast Cable Commc’ns,
`LLC, Nos. 2019-1215, 2019-1216, and 2019-1218
`(Apr. 22, 2020)
`Rovi Guides, Inc. v. Comcast Cable Commc’ns,
`LLC, Nos. 2019-1293, 2019-1294, and 2019-1295
`(Apr. 22, 2020)
`Dali Wireless Inc. v. CommScope Techs. LLC,
`No. 2020-1045 (Apr. 29, 2020)
`Intex Recreation Corp. v. Team Worldwide Corp.,
`Nos. 2020-1141, 2020-1142, 2020-1143, 2020-1149,
`2020-1150, and 2020-1151 (Apr. 29, 2020)
`Team Worldwide Corp. v. Intex Recreation Corp.,
`No. 2020-1147 (Apr. 29, 2020)
`Gree, Inc. v. Supercell Oy, Nos. 2020-1069 and
`2020-1162 (May 19, 2020)
`Koninklijke KPN N.V. v. LG Elecs., Inc.,
`No. 2019-2447 (May 20, 2020)
`Personalized Media Commc’ns, LLC v. Apple Inc.,
`No. 2020-1197 (May 21, 2020)
`Personalized Media Commc’ns, LLC v. Apple Inc.,
`No. 2020-1198 (May 21, 2020)
`In re JHO Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC,
`No. 2019-2330 (June 18, 2020)
`Signature Sys., LLC v. American Express Co.,
`No. 2020-1319 (June 22, 2020)
`In re Boloro Global Ltd., Nos. 19-2349, 19-2351, and
`19-2353 (July 7, 2020)
`
`
`
`
`
`X
`
`Supreme Court of the United States:
`Polaris Innovations Ltd. v. Kingston Tech. Co.,
`No. 19-1459 (petition for writ of certiorari filed
`June 30, 2020)
`
`
`
`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`Page
`Opinions below ............................................................................ 11
`Jurisdiction .................................................................................. 15
`Statement .................................................................................... 20
`Argument .................................................................................... 25
`Conclusion ................................................................................... 27
`
`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
`
`Cases:
`
`
`
`Arthrex, Inc. v. Smith & Nephew, Inc.:
`941 F.3d 1320 (Fed. Cir. 2019),
`reh’g denied, 953 F.3d 760 (Fed. Cir. 2020),
`petitions for cert. pending,
`Nos. 19-1434 (filed June 25, 2020),
`19-1452 (filed June 29, 2020), and
`19-1458 (filed June 30, 2020) ........................ 20, 21, 22, 25
`953 F.3d 760 (Fed. Cir. 2020),
`petitions for cert. pending,
`Nos. 19-1434 (filed June 25, 2020),
`19-1452 (filed June 29, 2020), and
`19-1458 (filed June 30, 2020) .......................................... 22
`Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Co. Accounting
`Oversight Bd., 561 U.S. 477 (2010) ................................. 21
`Polaris Innovations Ltd. v. Kingston Tech. Co.,
`792 Fed. Appx. 820 (Fed. Cir. 2020),
`petitions for cert. pending,
`Nos. 19-1434 (filed June 25, 2020) and
`19-1459 (filed June 30, 2020)................................ 22, 23, 26
`
`
`
`
`(XI)
`
`
`
`XII
`
`Page
`
`Constitution and statutes:
`U.S. Const.:
`Art. II, § 2, Cl. 2 ......................................................... 20, 21
`Appointments Clause ................... 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26
`Patent Act of 1952, 35 U.S.C. 1 et seq. .............................. 20
`35 U.S.C. 1(a) ................................................................... 20
`35 U.S.C. 2(a)(1)............................................................... 20
`35 U.S.C. 3(c) ................................................................... 21
`35 U.S.C. 6(a) ............................................................. 20, 21
`35 U.S.C. 6(b) ................................................................... 20
`35 U.S.C. 141(c) ............................................................... 20
`35 U.S.C. 144 .................................................................... 20
`35 U.S.C. 319 .................................................................... 20
`5 U.S.C. 7513(a) .................................................................. 21
`Miscellaneous:
`General Order in Cases Remanded Under Arthrex,
`Inc. v. Smith & Nephew, Inc. 941 F.3d 1320
`(Fed. Cir. 2019) (PTAB May 1, 2020) ............................... 23
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`In the Supreme Court of the United States
`
`
`
` No. 20-74
`UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PETITIONER
`v.
`IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES LLC, ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`v.
`EUGENE H. LUOMA, ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`v.
`PFIZER INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`v.
`ALAN STUART, TRUSTEE FOR THE CECIL G. STUART AND
`DONNA M. STUART REVOCABLE LIVING TRUST
`AGREEMENT, ET AL.
`
`
`
`(1)
`
`
`
`2
`2
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`VILOX TECHNOLOGIES, LLC, ET AL.
`VILOX TECHNOLOGIES, LLC, ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`VAPORSTREAM, INC., ET AL.
`VAPORSTREAM, INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’1).
`v.
`DOCUMENT SECURITY SYSTEMS, INC., ET AL.
`DOCUMENT SECURITY SYSTEMS, INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`VIRNETX INC., ET AL.
`VIRNETX INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`3
`3
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`CONCERT PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., ET AL.
`CONCERT PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`AGROFRESH, INC., ET AL.
`AGROFRESH, INC., ET AL.
`
`
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’U.
`v.
`POLARIS INNOVATIONS LTD., ET AL.
`POLARIS INNOVATIONS LTD., ET AL.
`
`
`
`UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PETITIONER
`UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PETITIONER
`”U.
`v.
`POLARIS INNOVATIONS LTD., ET AL.
`POLARIS INNOVATIONS LTD., ET AL.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`4
`4
`
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`ANDREI IANCU, UNDER SECRETARY OF
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`COMMERCE FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`DIRECTOR, U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE,
`PETITIONER
`PETITIONER
`’1).
`v.
`DOCUME