(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT)
`(19) World Intellectual Property
`Organization
`International Bureau
`
`(43) International Publication Date
`7 January 2016 (07.01.2016)
`
`WIPO!IPCT
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`\=
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`(10) International Publication Number
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`WO 2016/003817 Al
`
`GD)
`
`International Patent Classification:
`
`F42B 5/26 (2006.01)
`F42B 5/30 (2006.01)
`
`F42B 33/00 (2006.01)
`
`QD
`
`International Application Number:
`
`(22)
`
`International Filing Date:
`
`PCT/US2015/038061
`
`26 June 2015 (26.06.2015)
`/
`English
`English
`
`_
`Filing Language:
`Publication Language:
`Priority Data:
`14/320.961
`
`1 July 2014 (01.07.2014)
`
`US
`
`[US/US], 5956
`INC.
`Applicant: TRUE VELOCITY,
`Sherry Lane, Suite 1221, Dallas, TX 75225 (US).
`
`Inventor: BURROW,Lonnie; 1902 Glen Hill, Carrollton,
`TX 75007 (US).
`
`(25)
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`(26)
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`(30)
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`(71)
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`(72)
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`(74)
`
`(81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every
`kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM,
`AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY,
`BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM,
`DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG,ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT,
`HN, HR, HU,ID,IL,IN,IR,IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR,
`KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG,
`MK, MN, MW,MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM,
`PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC,
`SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN,
`TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW.
`(84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every
`kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH,
`GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ,
`TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU,
`TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE,
`DK,EE, ES, FL, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU,IE,IS, IT, LT, LU,
`LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO,PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SL, SK,
`SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ,
`GW, KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG).
`Published:
`
`(54) Title: LIGHTWEIGHT POLYMER AMMUNITION CARTRIDGE CASINGS
`
`Agents: SINGLETON,Chainey, P.et al.; Chalker Flores,
`LLP, 14951 North Dallas Parkway, Suite 400, Dallas, TX
`75254 (US).
`—_with international search report (Art. 21(3))
`
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`1
`(i
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`(57) Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a poly-
`meric ammunition cartridge and methods of making and using the same. The
`cartridge includes a substantially cylindrical insert connected to a substan-
`tially cylindrical polymeric middle body. The substantially cylindrical insert
`includes a top surface opposite a bottom surface and a substantially cyl-
`indrical coupling element that extends from the bottomsurface, a primerre-
`cess in the top surface that extends toward the bottom surface, a primer flash
`hole positioned in the primer recess to extend through the bottom surface,
`and a flange that extends circumferentially about an outer edge of the top
`surface. The substantially cylindrical polymeric middle body includes a sub-
`stantially cylindrical polymeric bullet-end and a substantially cylindrical
`polymeric coupling end connected by a powder chamber, wherein the sub -
`stantially cylindrical polymeric coupling end extends over the substantially
`cylindrical coupling element and covers a circumferential surface of the
`primerflash hole.
`
`12
`
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`14
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`TT NS
`
`20
`
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`ve
`
`Ti
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`~S.
`
`\
`
`\— 44
`
`\
`\
`\
`
`10
`“
`26
`
`24
`
`28
`
`FIG.2—
`7 “
`
`¢
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`
`36
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`
`FIG. 1
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`wo2016/003817A1TIIIIMANININMANANTTARYALT
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`WO 2016/003817
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`PCT/US2015/038061
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`LIGHTWEIGHT POLYMER AMMUNITION CARTRIDGE CASINGS
`
`Technical Ficld of the Invention
`
`The present invention relates in general to the field of ammunition, specifically to compositions of matter
`
`and methods of making and using substantially cylindrical inserts made by metal injection molding.
`
`Background Art
`
`Without limiting the scope of the invention, its background is described in connection with lightweight
`
`polymercartridge casing ammunition. Conventional ammunitioncartridge casings forrifles and machine
`
`guns, as well as larger caliber weapons, are made from brass, which is heavy, expensive, and potentially
`
`hazardous. There cxists a need for an affordable lighter weight replacement for brass ammunition
`
`cartridge cases that can increase mission performance and operational capabilities. Lightweight polymer
`
`cartridge casing ammunition must meet the reliability and performance standards of existing fielded
`
`ammunition and be interchangeable with brass cartridge casing ammunition in existing weaponry.
`
`Reliable cartridge casings manufacturing requires uniformity (e.g., bullet seating, bullet-to-casing fit,
`
`casing strength, etc.) from one cartridge to the next in order to obtain consistent pressures within the
`
`casing during firing prior to bullet and casing separation to create uniformed ballistic performance.
`
`Plastic cartridge casings have been known for many years but have failed to provide satisfactory
`
`ammunition that could be produced in commercial quantities with sufficient safety, ballistic, handling
`
`characteristics, and survive physical and natural conditions to which it will be exposed during the
`
`ammunition's intended life cycle; however, these characteristics have not been achieved.
`
`For example, U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/160,682 discloses a base for a cartridge casing body
`
`for an ammunition article, the base having an ignition device; an attachment device at one end thereof,
`
`the attachment device being adapted to the base to a cartridge casing body; wherein the base is made
`
`from plastic, ceramic, or a composite material.
`
`U.S. Patent No. 7,610,858 discloses an ammunition cartridge assembled from a substantially cylindrical
`
`polymeric cartridge casing body; and a cylindrical polymeric middle body component with opposing first
`
`and second ends, wherein the first end has a coupling element that is a mate for the projectile-end
`
`coupling element and joins the first end of the middle body component to the second end of the bullet-
`
`end component, and the second end is the end of the casing body opposite the projectile end and has a
`
`male or female coupling element; and a cylindrical cartridge casing head-end component with an
`
`essentially closed base end with a primer hole opposite an open end with a coupling element that is a
`
`mate for the coupling element on the second end of the middle body and joins the second end of the
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`middle body componentto the open end of the head-end component.
`
`Shortcomings of the known methods of producingplastic or substantially plastic ammunition include the
`
`possibility of the projectile being pushedinto the cartridge casing, the bullet pull being too light such that
`
`the bullet can fall out, the bullet pull being too insufficient to create sufficient chamber pressure, the
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`bullet pull not being uniform from round to round, and portions of the cartridge casing breaking off upon
`
`firing causing the weapon to jam or damage or danger when subsequent rounds are fired or when the
`
`casing portions themselves becomeprojectiles. To overcome the above shortcomings, improvements in
`
`cartridge case design and performance polymer materials are needed.
`
`Disclosure of the Invention
`
`The present invention provides a method of making a substantially cylindrical insert by metal injection
`
`molding comprising the steps of: providing a primer insert injection mold to form a substantially
`
`cylindrical metal primer insert, wherein the primer insert mold comprises a top surface opposite a bottom
`
`surface and a substantially cylindrical coupling element that extends from the bottom surface, a primer
`
`recess in the top surface that extends toward the bottom surface, a primer flash aperture positioned in the
`
`primer recess to extend through the bottom surface, and a flange that extends circumferentially about an
`
`outer edge of the top surface, wherein the flange is adapted to receive a polymer overmolding that covers
`
`an circumferential surface and the primer flash hole aperture to form a primer flash hole; providing a
`
`metal injection molding feedstock comprising a powdered metal and a first binding agent and a second.
`
`binding agent; injection molding the metal injection molding feedstock into the primer insert injection
`
`mold to form a first substantially cylindrical metal primer insert having a first size; dcbinding the first
`
`substantially cylindrical metal primer insert to remove the first binding agent; and sintering the first
`
`substantially cylindrical metal primer insert
`
`to remove the second binding agent and form the
`
`substantially cylindrical metal primerinsert having a secondsize.
`
`The powdered metal comprises stainless steel, brass, ceramic alloys. The powdered metal comprises 102,
`
`174, 201, 202, 300, 302, 303, 304, 308, 309, 316, 316L, 316Ti, 321, 405, 408, 409, 410, 415, 416, 416R,
`
`420, 430, 439, 440, 446 or 601-665 gradestainless steel. The second size is about 5 percent to about 30
`
`percent smaller thanthe first size. The second size is about 10 percent to about 20 percent smaller than
`
`the first size. The second size is about 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
`
`20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 percent smaller than the first size. The method of claim 1,
`
`wherein the substantially cylindrical
`
`insert
`
`further comprises a flash hole groove that extends
`
`circumferentially about the primer flash aperture on the top surface in the primer recess. The bottom
`
`surface comprises a circumferential groove. The flange is a combination of a circumferential groove and
`
`one or more notches. The flange comprises one or more notches or scallops positioned circumferential.
`
`The flange comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 notches or scallops positioned
`
`circumferential.
`
`The present invention provides a method of making a substantially cylindrical insert by metal injection
`
`molding comprising the steps of: providing a primer insert injection mold to form a substantially
`
`cylindrical primer insert, wherein the primer insert mold comprises a top surface opposite a bottom
`
`surface and a substantially cylindrical coupling element that extends from the bottom surface, a primer
`
`recess in the top surface that extends toward the bottom surface, a primer flash aperture positioned in the
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`primer recess to extend through the bottom surfacc, a flange that extends circumferentially about an outer
`
`edge of the top surface, wherein the flange is adapted to receive a polymer overmolding that covers an
`
`circumferential surface and the primerflash hole aperture to form a primer flash hole, and a flash hole
`
`groove that extends circumferentially about the primer flash aperture on the top surface in the primer
`
`recess; providing an injection molding feedstock comprising a powder and a first binding agent and a
`
`second binding agent, wherein the powder comprises a stainless steel powder, brass powder, alloy
`
`powder, ceramic alloys powder or a combination thereof;
`
`injection molding the injection molding
`
`feedstock into the primer insert injection mold to form a first substantially cylindrical primer insert
`
`having a first size; debinding the first substantially cylindrical primer insert to remove the first binding
`
`agent; and sintering the first substantially cylindrical metal primer insert to remove the second binding
`
`agent and form the substantially cylindrical primer insert having a second size, wherein the second size is
`
`about 10 percent to about 25 percent smaller than thefirst size.
`
`The present invention provides a method of making a polymer ammunition cartridge having a metal
`
`injection molded primer insert comprising by the steps of: forming a substantially cylindrical metal
`
`primer insert by metal injection molding from a primer insert injection mold, wherein the substantially
`
`cylindrical metal primer insert comprises a top surface opposite a bottom surface and a substantially
`
`cylindrical coupling clement that extends from the bottom surface, a primer recess in the top surface that
`
`extends toward the bottom surface, a primer flash aperture positioned in the primer recess to extend
`
`through the bottom surface, and a flange that extends circumferentially about an outer edge of the top
`
`surface; providing a first polymer composition for molding a polymer ammunition cartridge; molding
`
`from the first polymer composition a substantially cylindrical polymeric middle body having the
`
`substantially cylindrical metal primer insert at a first end and a substantially cylindrical polymeric
`
`coupling region at a second end, wherein the first polymer composition extends over an outer surface of
`
`the substantially cylindrical metal primer insert to the flange and extends over an interior surface of the
`
`substantially cylindrical coupling region to the primer flash hole aperture, wherein the first polymer
`
`composition extends from the substantially cylindrical polymeric coupling region to the primer flash hole
`
`aperture; forming a substantially cylindrical polymeric bullet-end component from a second polymer
`
`composition comprising a bullet aperture opposite a polymeric bullet-end coupling that mates to the
`
`substantially cylindrical coupling region; and coupling the substantially cylindrical coupling region to the
`
`polymeric bullet-end coupling to form a propellant chamber that extends from the primer flash hole
`
`aperture to the bullet aperture.
`
`Further comprising forming a primer flash aperture groove positioned in the primer recess around the
`
`primer flash aperture and the first polymer composition extends into the primer flash aperture to form a
`
`flash hole. The first polymer composition is the same as the second polymer composition. The first
`
`polymer composition is a ductile polymer.
`
`The first polymer composition,
`
`the second polymer
`
`composition or both comprise a nylon polymer. The first polymer composition, the second polymer
`
`composition or both comprise a fiber-reinforced polymeric composite. The first polymer composition,
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`the second polymer composition or both comprise between about 10 and about 70 wt % glass fiber fillers,
`
`mineral fillers, or mixtures thereof. The bullet aperture comprises one or more cannelures formed on an
`
`inner circumferential surface of the bullet aperture. The substantially cylindrical coupling region and the
`
`polymeric bullet-end coupling are welded or bonded together. The first polymer composition, the second
`
`polymer composition or both comprise polyurethane prepolymer, cellulose, fluoro-polymer, ethylene
`
`inter-polymer alloy elastomer, ethylene vinyl acetate, nylon, polyether imide, polyester elastomer,
`
`polyester sulfone, polyphenyl amide, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride or thermoset polyurea
`
`elastomer, acrylics, homopolymers, acetates, copolymers, acrylonttrile-butadinen-styrene, thermoplastic
`
`fluoro polymers,
`
`inomers, polyamides, polyamide-imides, polyacrylates, polyatherketones, polyaryl-
`
`sulfones, polybenzimidazoles, polycarbonates, polybutylene, terephthalates, polyether imides, polyether
`
`sulfones, thermoplastic polyimides, thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyphenylene sulfides, polyethylene,
`
`polypropylene, polysulfones, polyvinylchlorides, styrene acrylonitriles, polystyrenes, polyphenylene,
`
`ether blends, styrene maleic anhydrides, polycarbonates, allyls, aminos, cyanates, epoxies, phenolics,
`
`unsaturated
`
`polyesters,
`
`bismaleimides, polyurethanes,
`
`silicones,
`
`vinylesters,
`
`urethane hybrids,
`
`polyphenylsulfones,
`
`copolymers of polyphenylsulfones with polyethersulfones or polysulfones,
`
`copolymers of poly-phenylsulfones with siloxanes, blends of polyphenylsulfones with polysiloxanes,
`
`poly(etherimide-siloxane) copolymers, blends of polyetherimides and polysiloxanes, and blends of
`
`polyetherimides and poly(etherimide-siloxane) copolymers. A neck is positioned between the bullet
`
`aperture and the polymeric bullet-end coupling. Further including one or more internal structures in the
`
`neck to support a bullet. The bullet aperture comprises one, two, three, or more annular rings that mate
`
`with one, two, three, or more corresponding annular grooves positioned onthe bullet.
`
`The present invention provides a method of making a polymer ammunition cartridge having a metal
`
`injection molded primer insert comprising by the steps of: forming a substantially cylindrical metal
`
`primer insert by metal injection molding from a primer insert injection mold, wherein the substantially
`
`cylindrical metal primer insert comprises a top surface opposite a bottom surface and a substantially
`
`cylindrical coupling element that extends from the bottom surface, a primerrecess in the top surface that
`
`extends toward the bottom surface, a primer flash aperture positioned in the primer recess to extend
`
`through the bottom surface, and a flange that extends circumferentially about an outer edge of the top
`
`surface; providing a first polymer composition for molding a polymer ammunition cartridge; molding
`
`from the first polymer composition a substantially cylindrical polymeric middle body having the
`
`substantially cylindrical metal primer insert at a first end and a substantially cylindrical polymeric
`
`coupling region at a second end, wherein the first polymer composition extends over an outer surface of
`
`the substantially cylindrical metal primer insert to the flange and extends over an interior surface of the
`
`substantially cylindrical coupling region to the primer flash hole aperture, wherein the first polymer
`
`composition extends from the substantially cylindrical polymeric coupling region to the primer flash hole
`
`aperture; forming a substantially cylindrical polymeric bullet-end component from a second polymer
`
`composition comprising a bullet aperture opposite a polymeric bullet-end coupling that mates to the
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`substantially cylindrical coupling region, a neck positioned between the bullet aperture and the polymeric
`
`bullet-end coupling and one or more cannelures formed on an inner circumferential surface of the bullet
`
`aperture; and coupling the substantially cylindrical coupling region to the polymeric bullet-end coupling
`
`to form a propellant chamberthat extends from the primer flash hole aperture to the bullet aperture.
`
`The present invention provides a method of making a polymer ammunition having a metal injection
`
`molded primer insert comprising by the steps of: forming a substantially cylindrical metal primer insert
`
`by metal injection molding from a primer insert injection mold, wherein the substantially cylindrical
`
`metal primer insert comprises a top surface opposite a bottom surface and a substantially cylindrical
`
`coupling element that extends from the bottom surface, a primer recess in the top surface that extends
`
`toward the bottom surface, a primer flash aperture positioned in the primer recess to extend through the
`
`bottom surface, a primer flash aperture groove positioned in the primer recess around the primer flash
`
`aperture and a flange that extends circumferentially about an outer edge ofthe top surface; providing a
`
`first polymer composition for molding a polymer ammunition cartridge; molding from the first polymer
`
`composition a substantially cylindrical polymeric middle body having the substantially cylindrical metal
`
`primer insert at a first end and a substantially cylindrical polymeric coupling region at a second end,
`
`wherein the first polymer composition extends over an outer surface of the substantially cylindrical metal
`
`primer insert to the flange and extends over an intcrior surface of the substantially cylindrical coupling
`
`region to the primer flash hole aperture, wherein the first polymer composition extends from the
`
`substantially cylindrical polymeric coupling region to the primer flash hole aperture;
`
`forming a
`
`substantially cylindrical polymeric bullet-end component from a second polymer composition comprising
`
`a bullet aperture opposite a polymeric bullet-end coupling that mates to the substantially cylindrical
`
`coupling region; coupling the substantially cylindrical coupling region to the polymeric bullet-end
`
`coupling to form a propellant chamber that extends from the primer flash hole aperture to the bullet
`
`aperture; inserting a primer into the primer recess, wherein the primeris in operably communication with
`
`the propellant chamber through the primer flash hole aperture; at least partially filling the propellant
`
`chamber with a propellant; and frictionally fitting a projectile in the bullet-end aperture, wherein the
`
`propellant chamber is enclosed at one end by the primerand the projectile at the other end.
`
`Further comprising a primerflash aperture groove positioned in the primer recess around the primerflash
`
`aperture and the first polymer composition extends into the primer flash aperture to form a flash hole.
`
`The first polymer composition is the same as the second polymer composition. The first polymer
`
`composition is a ductile polymer. The first polymer composition, the second polymer composition or
`
`both comprise a nylon polymer. Thefirst polymer composition, the second polymer composition or both
`
`comprise a fiber-reinforced polymeric composite. The first polymer composition, the second polymer
`
`composition or both comprise between about 10 and about 70 wt % glass fiber fillers, mineral fillers, or
`
`mixtures thereof.
`
`The bullet aperture comprises one or more cannelures formed on an inner
`
`circumferential surface of the bullet aperture. The substantially cylindrical coupling region and the
`
`polymeric bullet-end coupling are welded or bonded together. The first polymer composition, the second
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`polymer composition or both comprise polyurethane prepolymer, cellulose, fluoro-polymer, cthylene
`
`inter-polymer alloy elastomer, ethylene vinyl acetate, nylon, polyether imide, polyester elastomer,
`
`polyester sulfone, polyphenyl amide, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride or thermoset polyurea
`
`elastomer, acrylics, homopolymers, acetates, copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadinen-styrene, thermoplastic
`
`fluoro polymers,
`
`inomers, polyamides, polyamide-imides, polyacrylates, polyatherketones, polyaryl-
`
`sulfones, polybenzimidazoles, polycarbonates, polybutylene, terephthalates, polyether imides, polyether
`
`sulfones, thermoplastic polyimides, thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyphenylene sulfides, polyethylene,
`
`polypropylene, polysulfones, polyvinylchlorides, styrene acrylonitriles, polystyrenes, polyphenylene,
`
`ether blends, styrene maleic anhydrides, polycarbonates, allyls, aminos, cyanates, epoxies, phenolics,
`
`unsaturated polyesters,
`
`bismaleimides, polyurethanes,
`
`silicones,
`
`vinylesters,
`
`urethane
`
`hybrids,
`
`polyphenylsulfones,
`
`copolymers of polyphenylsulfones with polyethersulfones or polysulfones,
`
`copolymers of poly-phenylsulfones with siloxanes, blends of polyphenylsulfones with polysiloxanes,
`
`poly(etherimide-siloxane) copolymers, blends of polyetherimides and polysiloxanes, and blends of
`
`polyetherimides and poly(ethertmide-siloxane) copolymers.
`
`Further comprising a neck positioned
`
`between the bullet aperture and the polymeric bullet-end coupling. Further comprising one or more
`
`internal structures in the neck to support a projectile. The bullet aperture comprises one, two, three, or
`
`more annular rings that mate with one, two, three, or more corresponding annular grooves positioned on
`
`the projectile.
`
`The present invention provides a method of making a polymer ammunition having a metal injection
`
`molded primer insert comprising by the steps of: forming a substantially cylindrical metal primerinsert
`
`by metal injection molding from a primer insert injection mold, wherein the substantially cylindrical
`
`metal primer insert comprises a top surface opposite a bottom surface and a substantially cylindrical
`
`coupling element that extends from the bottom surface, a primer recess in the top surface that extends
`
`toward the bottom surface, a primer flash aperture positioned in the primer recess to extend through the
`
`bottom surface, and a flange that extends circumferentially about an outer edge of the top surface;
`
`providing a first polymer composition for molding a polymer ammunition cartridge; molding from the
`
`first polymer composition a substantially cylindrical polymeric middle body having the substantially
`
`cylindrical metal primerinsert at a first end and a substantially cylindrical polymeric coupling region at a
`
`second end, wherein the first polymer composition extends over an outer surface of the substantially
`
`cylindrical metal primer insert to the flange and extends over an interior surface of the substantially
`
`cylindrical coupling region to the primer flash hole aperture, wherein the first polymer composition
`
`extends from the substantially cylindrical polymeric coupling region to the primer flash hole aperture and.
`
`into the primer flash aperture groove to form a flash hole; forming a substantially cylindrical polymeric
`
`bullet-end component from a second polymer composition comprising a bullet aperture opposite a
`
`polymeric bullet-end coupling that mates to the substantially cylindrical coupling region, and a neck
`
`positioned between the bullet aperture and the polymeric bullet-end coupling; coupling the substantially
`
`cylindrical coupling region to the polymeric bullet-end coupling to form a propellant chamber that
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`extends from the primer flash hole aperture to the bullet aperture; inserting a primer into the primer
`
`recess, wherein the primer is in operably communication with the propellant chamber through the primer
`
`flash hole aperture; at least partially filling the propellant chamber with a propellant; and frictionally
`
`fitting a projectile in the bullet-end aperture, wherein the propellant chamber is enclosed at one end by
`
`the primer andthe projectile at the other end.
`
`The present invention provides an injection molded primer insert for polymer ammunition comprising: a
`
`top surface opposite a bottom surface; a primer flash hole aperture positioned in the top surface extending
`
`through to the bottom surface; a substantially cylindrical coupling element extending away from the
`
`bottom surface forming an interior surface inside the substantially cylindrical coupling element and an
`
`exterior surface; a primer recess in the top surface that extends toward the bottom surface, a primer flash
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`aperture positioned in the primer recess to extend through the bottom surface, and a flange that extends
`
`circumferentially about an outer edge of the top surface, wherein the flange is adapted to receive a
`
`polymer overmolding.
`
`The injection molded primer insert comprises a metal, an alloy, or a ceramic alloy. The injection molded.
`
`primer insert comprises stainless steel or brass. The injection molded primer insert comprises 102, 174,
`
`201, 202, 300, 302, 303, 304, 308, 309, 316, 316L, 316T1, 321, 405, 408, 409, 410, 415, 416, 416R, 420,
`
`430, 439, 440, 446 or 601-665 grade stainless steel. The injection molded primerinsert is about 5 percent
`
`to about 30 percent smaller than a precured injection molded primerinsert. The injection molded primer
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`insert is about 10 percent to about 20 percent smaller than a precured injection molded primer insert.
`
`The injection molded primer insert is about 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
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`19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 percent smaller than a precured injection molded primer
`
`insert.
`
`The injection molded primer insert
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`further comprises a flash hole groove that extends
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`circumferentially about the primer flash aperture on the top surface in the primer recess. The bottom
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`surface comprises a circumferential groove. The flange is a combination of a circumferential groove and
`
`one or more notches. The flange comprises one or more notches or scallops positioned circumferential.
`
`The flange comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 notches positioned circumferential.
`
`The flange comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 scallops positioned circumferential.
`
`In addition the injection molded primer insert comprises C-0000 Copper and Copper Alloys; CFTG-
`
`3806-K Diluted Bronze Bearings; CNZ-1818 Copper and Copper Alloys; CNZP-1816 Copper and
`
`Copper Alloys; CT-1000 Copper and Copper Alloys; CT-1000-K Bronze Bearings; CTG-1001-K Bronze
`
`Bearings; CTG-1004-K Bronze Bearings; CZ-1000 Copper and Copper Alloys; CZ-2000 Copper and.
`
`Copper Alloys; CZ-3000 Copper and Copper Alloys; CZP-1002 Copper and Copper Alloys; CZP-2002
`
`Copper and Copper Alloys; CZP-3002 Copper and Copper Alloys; F-0000 Tron and Carbon Steel; F-
`
`0000-K Iron and Iron-Carbon Bearings; F-0005 Iron and Carbon Steel; F-0005-K Iron and Iron-Carbon
`
`Bearings; F-0008 Iron and Carbon Steel; F-0008-K Iron and Iron-Carbon Bearings; FC-0200 Iron-Copper
`
`and Copper Steel; FC-0200-K Iron-Copper Bearings; FC-0205 Iron-Copper and Copper Steel; FC-0205-
`
`K Iron-Copper-Carbon Bearings; FC-0208 Iron-Copper and Copper Steel; FC-0208-K Iron-Copper-
`7
`
`10
`
`15
`
`30
`
`35
`
`

`

`WO 2016/003817
`
`PCT/US2015/038061
`
`Carbon Bearings; FC-0505 Iron-Copper and Copper Steel; FC-0508 Iron-Copper and Copper Steel; FC-
`
`0508-K Iron-Copper-Carbon Bearings; FC-0808 Iron-Copper and Copper Steel; FC-1000 Iron-Copper
`
`and Copper Steel; FC-1000-K Iron-Copper Bearings; FC-2000-K Iron-Copper Bearings; FC-2008-K
`
`Iron-Copper-Carbon Bearings; FCTG-3604-K Diluted Bronze Bearings; FD-0200 Diffusion-Alloyed
`
`Steel; FD-0205 Diffusion-Alloyed Steel; FD-0208 Diffusion-Alloyed Steel; FD-0400 Diffusion-Alloyed
`
`Steel; FD-0405 Diffusion-Alloyed Steel; FD-0408 Diffusion-Alloyed Steel; FF-0000 Soft-Magnetic
`
`Alloys; FG-0303-K Iron-Graphite Bearings; FG-0308-K Iron-Graphite Bearings; FL-4005 Prealloyed
`
`Steel; FL-4205 Prealloyed Steel; FL-4400 Prealloyed Steel; FL-4405 Prealloyed Steel; FL-4605
`
`Prealloyed Steel; FL-4805 Prealloyed Steel; FL-48105 Prealloyed Steel; FL-4905 Prealloyed Steel; FL-
`
`5208 Prealloyed Steel; FL-5305 Prealloyed Steel; FLC-4608 Sinter-Hardened Steel; FLC-4805 Sinter-
`
`Hardened Steel; FLC-48108 Sinter-Hardened Steel; FLC-4908 Sinter-Hardened Steel; FLC2-4808
`
`Sinter-Hardened Steel; FLDN2-4908 Diffusion-Alloyed Steel; FLDN4C2-4905 Diffusion-Alloyed Steel;
`
`FLN-4205 Hybrid Low-Alloy Steel; FLN-48108 Sinter-Hardened Steel; FLN2-4400 Hybrid Low-Alloy
`
`Steel; FLN2-4405 Hybrid Low-Alloy Steel; FLN2-4408 Sinter-Hardened Steel; FLN2C-4005 Hybrid
`
`Low-Alloy Steel; FLN4-4400 Hybrid Low-Alloy Steel; FLN4-4405 Hybrid Low-Alloy Steel; FLN4-
`
`4408 Sinter Hardened Steel; FLN4C-4005 Hybrid Low-Alloy Steel; FLN6-4405 Hybrid Low-Alloy
`
`Steel; FLN6-4408 Sinter-Hardened Steel; FLNC-4405 Hybrid Low-Alloy Steel; FLNC-4408 Sinter-
`
`Hardened Steel; FN-0200 Iron-Nickel and Nickel Steel; FN-0205 Iron-Nickel and Nickel Steel; FN-0208
`
`Tron-Nickel and Nickel Steel; FN-0405 Iron-Nickel and Nickel Steel; FN-0408 Iron-Nickel and Nickel
`
`Steel; FN-5000 Soft-Magnetic Alloys; FS-0300 Soft-Magnetic Alloys; FX-1000 Copper-Infiltrated Iron
`
`and Steel; FX-1005 Copper-Infiltrated Iron and Steel; FX-1008 Copper-Infiltrated Iron and Steel; FX-
`
`2000 Copper-Infiltrated Iron and Steel; FX-2005 Copper-Infiltrated Iron and Steel; FX-2008 Copper-
`
`Infiltrated Iron and Steel; FY-4500 Soft-Magnetic Alloys; FY-8000 Soft-Magnetic Alloys; P/F-1020
`
`Carbon Steel PF; P/F-1040 Carbon Steel PF; P/F-1060 Carbon Steel PF; P/F-10C40 Copper Steel PF;
`
`P/F-10C50 Copper Steel PF; P/F-10C60 Copper Steel PF; P/F-1140 Carbon Steel PF; P/F-1160 Carbon
`
`Steel PF; P/F-11C40 Copper Steel PF; P/F-11C50 Copper Steel PF; P/F-11C60 Copper Steel PF; P/F-
`
`4220 Low-Alloy P/F-42XX Steel PF; P/F-4240 Low-Alloy P/F-42XX Steel PF; P/F-4260 Low-Alloy
`
`P/F-42XX Steel PF; P/F-4620 Low-Alloy P/F-46XX Steel PF; P/F-4640 Low-Alloy P/F-46XX Steel PF;
`
`P/F-4660 Low-Alloy P/F-46XX Steel PF; P/F-4680 Low-Alloy P/F-46XX Steel PF; SS-303L Stainless
`
`Steel - 300 Series Alloy; SS-303N1 Stainless Steel - 300 Series Alloy; SS-303N2 Stainless Steel - 300
`
`Series Alloy; SS-304H Stainless Steel - 300 Series Alloy; SS-304L Stainless Steel - 300 Series Alloy;
`
`SS-304N1 Stainless Steel - 300 Series Alloy; SS-304N2 Stainless Steel - 300 Series Alloy; SS-316H
`
`Stainless Steel - 300 Series Alloy; SS-316L Stainless Steel - 300 Series Alloy; SS-316N1 Stainless Steel -
`
`300 Series Alloy; SS-316N2 Stainless Steel - 300 Series Alloy; SS-409L Stainless Steel - 400 Series
`
`Alloy; SS-409LE Stainless Steel - 400 Series Alloy; SS-410 Stainless Steel - 4