Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 1 of 80 Page ID #:284
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 1 of 80 Page ID #:284
`
`
`EXHIBIT 4
`
`EXHIBIT 4
`
`
`
`
`
`COMPLAINT-219
`
`COMPLAINT-219
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 2 of 80 Page ID #:285
`gamma—00490 ”0°“mem 1'4 FillllllllllllllllllIllll’llll'llllfilllllflll||lllllllllllllfilll‘llllllll
`
`USOO8044907B2
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`(10) Patent No.:
`(12) Unlted States Patent
`
`Sasabayashi et al.
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`(73) Assignee: Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha, Osaka (JP)
`
`EP
`
`(75)
`
`(54) LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY AND METHOD
`OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
`Inventors: Takashi Sasabayashi, Kawasaki (JP);
`Arihir" Takedas Sagamlhara (JP);
`Hiroyasu Inoue, Kawasaki (JP);
`Kazuya Ueda, Kawasaki (JP); Yoshio
`Koike, Kawasaki (JP); Hideaki Tsuda,
`Kawasaki (JP); Yasutoshi Tasaka,
`Kawasaki (JP); Hidefumi Yoshida,
`Kawasaki (JP); Kunihiro Tashiro,
`Kawasaki (JP); Tsuyoshi Kamada,
`Kawasaki (JP); Kimiaki Nakamura,
`Kawasaki (JP)
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21) Appl.No.: 12/961,009
`
`(22)
`
`(65)
`
`Filed:
`
`Dec. 6, 2010
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2011/0075060 A1
`
`Mar. 31, 2011
`
`Related US. Application Data
`
`(62) Division of application No. 12/827,030, filed on Jun.
`30, 2010, which is a division of application No.
`11/299,799, filed on Dec. 12, 2005, now Pat. No.
`7,859,500, which is a division of application No.
`10/796,783, filed on Mar. 9, 2004, now Pat. No.
`7,262,824.
`
`(30)
`
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`
`Mar. 18, 2003
`Mar. 31, 2003
`Mar. 31, 2003
`Feb. 24, 2004
`
`(JP) ................................. 2003-073553
`(JP) ................................. 2003-095319
`(JP) ................................. 2003-096779
`(JP) ................................. 2004-048296
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`G09G 3/36
`(2006.01)
`(52) U'S'Cl'
`.............. 3453253325547;334495;??333971935
`(58) Field of Classification Search ............ 345/877100,
`345/204, 2117213, 690; 349/42, 43, 144
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,840,460 A *
`
`6/1989 Bernot etal.
`(Continued)
`
`................. 349/144
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`0 884 626
`12/1998
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner 7 Quan-Zhen Wang
`Assistant Examiner 7 Jennifer T Nguyen
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm 7 Greer, Burns & Crain, Ltd.
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A liquid crystal display including two substrates, gate bus
`lines, liquid crystal molecules, and a polymer that determines
`directions in which the liquid crystal molecules tilt. A plural-
`ity of divisional areas are arranged on one of the substrates.
`The pixels are aligned in a column between drain bus lines. A
`pixel electrode is formed at each ofthe divisional areas. A first
`thin film transistor drives a first divisional area, and a second
`thin film transistor drives a second divisional area ofthe same
`column. The first and second thin film transistors are electri-
`
`cally connected to the same gate bus line. Either the pixel
`electrodes formed at each of the divisional areas are electri-
`
`cally insulated from each other, or they are connected to each
`other through a high resistance. A first threshold voltage
`within the first divisional area is different from a second
`
`threshold voltage of the second divisional area.
`
`8 Claims, 57 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`174
`
`COMPLAINT-220
`
`COMPLAINT-220
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 3 of 80 Page ID #:286
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 3 of 80 Page ID #:286
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`Page 2
`
`US. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`~
`
`5,349,280 2 : $332 flaggifihe~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 323%?
`5,321,535 A
`“994 Ukaietaly ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
`5477351 A
`12/1995 Tmmétal
`5,519,519 A
`5/1996 Naka'imaeta1
`5,559,615 A
`9/1996 Takeiletal
`5,897,187 A
`4/1999 Add etal'
`5,923,311 A *
`7/1999 Edwards'
`5,969,781 A
`10/1999 Matsuyama et a1.
`6,081,315 A
`6/2000 Matsuyama et al.
`6,306,469 B1
`10/2001 Serbutoviez etal.
`RE37,591 E
`3/2002 Shimadaetal.
`6,507,381 B1
`1/2003 Katsuyaetal.
`6,633,356 B1
`10/2003 Kataoka etal.
`6,710,827 B2
`3/2004 Kubo etal.
`6,781,665 B2
`8/2004 Nakanishietal.
`6,856,373 B2
`2/2005 Sekido etal.
`7,262,824 B2
`8/2007 Sasabayashietal.
`7,286,200 B2
`10/2007 Inoue etal.
`7,289,178 B2
`10/2007 Sasabayashi et al.
`
`345/92
`
`3/2009 Inoue et al.
`7,511,789 B2
`9/2001 Takeda etal.
`2001/0020992 A1
`10/2001 Yoshidaetal.
`2001/0030726 A1
`5/2002 Asao etal.
`...................... 345/87
`2002/0050966 A1*
`3/2003 Hanaokaetal.
`2003/0048401 A1
`3/2003 Takedaetal.
`2003/0058374 A1
`5/2003 Inoueetal.
`2003/0095229 A1
`8/2003 Uedaetgl.
`2003/0160750 A1
`................ 345/90
`5/2006 Takeuchletal.
`2006/0097972 A1*
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`11442225
`JP
`11-326927
`JP
`2000356773
`JP
`2002429518
`JP
`2002357830
`JP
`2003477408
`JP
`2003455305
`JP
`2003487755
`JP
`20000028957
`KR
`* Cited by examiner
`
`9/1999
`11/1999
`12/2000
`80002
`12/2002
`60003
`9/2003
`10/2003
`590”
`
`COMPLAINT-221
`
`COMPLAINT-221
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 4 of 80 Page ID #:287
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 4 of 80 Page ID #:287
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 1 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIGJA
`
`(%)
`TRANSMISSION
`
`VOLTAGECV)
`
`
`
`2
`
`2.1
`
`2.2
`
`2.3
`
`2.4
`
`VOLTAGE(V)
`
`2.5
`
`A 2
`8\3
`
`1.5
`
`1
`
`,
`
`0.5
`
`0.2
`
`0
`
`2 <
`
`2
`(I)
`22
`
`2 m
`
`Z
`
`< E
`
`COMPLAINT-222
`
`COMPLAINT-222
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 5 of 80 Page ID #:288
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 5 of 80 Page ID #:288
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 2 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`CIRCUIT
`
`
`CONTROL
`
`COMPLAINT-223
`
`IIIIIIIIIIIII
`
`/iil \
`
`“““
`
`COMPLAINT-223
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 6 of 80 Page ID #:289
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 6 of 80 Page ID #:289
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 3 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`0.6
`
`0.2
`
`_oA
`
`
`
`TRANSMISSION(°/o)
`
`1.6
`
`1.8
`
`2
`
`2.2
`
`2.4
`
`2.6
`
`VOLTAGE (V)
`
`COMPLAINT-224
`
`COMPLAINT-224
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 7 of 80 Page ID #:290
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 7 of 80 Page ID #:290
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 4 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`
`
`COMPLAINT-225
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`COMPLAINT-225
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 8 of 80 Page ID #:291
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 8 of 80 Page ID #:291
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 5 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.6
`
`
`
`25pm
`
`FIG]
`
`45 44
`
`45’
`
`
`
`COMPLAINT-226
`
`COMPLAINT-226
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 9 of 80 Page ID #:292
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 9 of 80 Page ID #:292
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 6 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.8
`
`(%)
`TRANSMISSION
`
`1.4
`
`1.6
`
`1.8
`
`2
`
`2.2
`
`2.4
`
`2.6
`
`VOLTAGE (v)
`
`COMPLAINT-227
`
`COMPLAINT-227
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 10 of 80 Page ID #:293
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 10 of 80 Page ID #:293
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 7 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
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`
`
`COMPLAINT-228
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`COMPLAINT-228
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 11 of 80 Page ID #:294
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 11 of 80 Page ID #:294
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`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 8 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
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`
`
`COMPLAINT-229
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`COMPLAINT-229
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 12 of 80 Page ID #:295
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 12 of 80 Page ID #:295
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`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 9 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
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`FIG.11
`
`
`
`COMPLAINT-230
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`COMPLAINT-230
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 13 of 80 Page ID #:296
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 13 of 80 Page ID #:296
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`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 10 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
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`
`
`ONE PIXEL
`
`TRANSMISSION
`
`VOLTAG E
`
`COMPLAINT-23 1
`
`COMPLAINT-231
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 14 of 80 Page ID #:297
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 14 of 80 Page ID #:297
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`US. Patent
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`Oct. 25, 2011
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`Sheet 11 of 57
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`US 8,044,907 B2
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`
`
`ONE PIXEL
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`COMPLAINT-232
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`COMPLAINT-232
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 15 of 80 Page ID #:298
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 15 of 80 Page ID #:298
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`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 12 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
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`FIG-15A _2
`
`FIGJSD _ 4
`
`“\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\‘=
`FIGJSF
`
`FIGJSE
`
`COMPLAINT-233
`
`COMPLAINT-233
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 16 of 80 Page ID #:299
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 16 of 80 Page ID #:299
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`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 13 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
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`F|G_16A -4
`
`FIGJ GB
`
`.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"4
`
`COMPLAINT-234
`
`COMPLAINT-234
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 17 of 80 Page ID #:300
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 17 of 80 Page ID #:300
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`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 14 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIGJTA
`
`Jr
`
`¢
`
`¢
`
`J,
`
`‘L ¢uv LIGHT
`
` “(1173—2
`
`FIG.17C @géfléflgggéf
`
`COMPLAINT-23 5
`
`COMPLAINT-235
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 18 of 80 Page ID #:301
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 18 of 80 Page ID #:301
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 15 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIGJ 8A
`
`LIGHT (uv)
`l
`l
`l
`l
`l
`W—W 54
`
` 4
`
`2
`
`6
`
`ONE PIXEL
`
`FIGJ 88
`
`LIGHT (uv)
`i
`®
`$
`$
`l
`\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\_x\\\\\\\\\‘ 55
`
`
`
`ONE PIXEL
`
`COMPLAINT-236
`
`COMPLAINT-236
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 19 of 80 Page ID #:302
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 19 of 80 Page ID #:302
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 16 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.19
`
`LIGHT (UV)
`l
`l
`l
`l
`l
`m-Wm 55
`
` l
`
`LIGHT (uv)
`i
`l
`l
`i
`W58
`m-mm 56
`
`
`
`ONE PIXEL
`
`COMPLAINT-237
`
`COMPLAINT-237
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 20 of 80 Page ID #:303
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 20 of 80 Page ID #:303
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 17 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`001
`—---NM0.)w001OmDU!
`
`
`
`TRANSMISSION(%)
`
`VOLTAGE (V)
`
`
`
`20
`
`15
`
`TRANSMISSION(%) 5
`
`5
`
`0
`
`"
`
`+UV IRRADIATION (0.2d)
`
`"A" uv IRRADIATION (0.6J) I
`I‘ll-!fil +uv .RRAD.AT.0N (3..) I
`-[_
`d
`I—
`-
`
`VOLTAGE (v)
`
`COMPLAINT-23 8
`
`COMPLAINT-238
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 21 of 80 Page ID #:304
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 21 of 80 Page ID #:304
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`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 18 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.23
`
`{IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIm
`
`ONE PIXEL
`
`FIG.24
`
`s
`
`.g.~.3.~.'.;v..-‘.~.-.\.:<‘.:V._'..,..‘....1 ‘4'...
`-:-a.- =.-13-}.-x-:3-5-:.--;.-a-:- =;‘».=.- :-'-.~.',’>.'x-‘33z-‘-.~'.'~
`lIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
`
`-L'.-'..-xv=' .-.:_.;-‘.g.x.:- .
`
`.
`
`.-.-.v..~.y.- .-.,.-.,.-- ."z-
`
`«I ‘v ‘ ‘a-;~a:ave-:fia-crcvmx-wan-(--«(we:«r-x‘ram-éa:«'--.';-<-c~<vc"(nu-'33: '-~.‘--:«.-:~-.'.-.-~.-:r:r<~:-:r:«.-:r:la.-:--;»:a<~-:v;’.~;v¢-4 \v; \ -
`
`llllllllllllllllllllm
`
`ONE PIXEL
`
`COMPLAINT-239
`
`COMPLAINT-239
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 22 of 80 Page ID #:305
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 22 of 80 Page ID #:305
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 19 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`..
`
`-,v,
`
`. 1 ‘ ‘M-‘u g! I II I II I II III II I II I 41-2-9 -,_-‘-.-;.;..-;r;«;;_.‘-..‘-,;,,.;. 33,339,. a, -. u -
`
`, 7;,m, ~..;. -..-
`
`ONE PIXEL
`
`FIG.26
`
`
`
`ONE PIXEL
`
`COMPLAINT-240
`
`COMPLAINT-240
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 23 of 80 Page ID #:306
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 23 of 80 Page ID #:306
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 20 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG .27
`
`25
`
`20
`
`15
`
`10
`
`5
`
`o
`
`
`
`VOLTAGE (v)
`
`FIG .28
`
`COMPLAINT-241
`
`g E
`
`,
`
`g E
`
`Z<
`
`( E
`
`COMPLAINT-241
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 24 of 80 Page ID #:307
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 24 of 80 Page ID #:307
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 21 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
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`
`
`FIG.30
`
`UBUU UBUVLIGHT
`
`__D9
`
`—
`
`COMPLAINT-242
`
`COMPLAINT-242
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 25 of 80 Page ID #:308
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 25 of 80 Page ID #:308
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`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 22 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
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`FIG.31
`
`002.0000:
`
`FIG.32
`
`TRANSMISSION
`
`(BRIGHTNESS)
`
`APPLIED VOLTAGE
`
`COMPLAINT-243
`
`COMPLAINT-243
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 26 of 80 Page ID #:309
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 26 of 80 Page ID #:309
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`US. Patent
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`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 23 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
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`FIG.33
`
`@flfluwmw
`
` 4
`
`so _
`2
`
`VOLTAGE
`
`COMPLAINT-244
`
`COMPLAINT-244
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 27 of 80 Page ID #:310
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 27 of 80 Page ID #:310
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`US. Patent
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`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 24 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
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`FIG.35
`
`{Lil £10 3 0 ll @“VL'GHT
`
`
`
`FIG.36
`
`@ i1 3 ll 0 IL ll @UVL‘GHT
`
`
`
`COMPLAINT-245
`
`COMPLAINT-245
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 28 of 80 Page ID #:311
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 28 of 80 Page ID #:311
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 25 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.37
`
`65(W:W:
`fi/‘Q
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`\\§w-~s
`
` éIQQ/~.WW..WV/‘suj/I..oo.
`W1.;1..
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`
`
`
`,6,‘-~‘lo.-/I’ll/1”r9””l¢'o.m$‘ooooooWmQQo0m‘éllfll.’’1;Mv’.fi’”/"4
`
`
` ‘QQQIQ/¢-\0o/WWW/QQQ\g/I¢.OOW/Ilil<WWII/IIIl/l/IANQQ
`
`
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`-wlili/f".~/‘f/Jr/f/fl‘””"fif//ldo19/17/114"m/s.
`(@Q
`91%.soo//o
`_es:\\WW—
`
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 29 of 80 Page ID #:312
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 29 of 80 Page ID #:312
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 26 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
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`F IG.38A
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`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 30 of 80 Page ID #:313
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 30 of 80 Page ID #:313
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 27 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.39
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`142
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`COMPLAINT-248
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`COMPLAINT-248
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 31 of 80 Page ID #:314
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 31 of 80 Page ID #:314
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 28 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
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`
`
`COMPLAINT-249
`
`COMPLAINT-249
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 32 of 80 Page ID #:315
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 32 of 80 Page ID #:315
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 29 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.41
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 33 of 80 Page ID #:316
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 33 of 80 Page ID #:316
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 30 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 34 of 80 Page ID #:317
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 34 of 80 Page ID #:317
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 31 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
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`
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`
`COMPLAINT-2 52
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`COMPLAINT-252
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`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 35 of 80 Page ID #:318
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 35 of 80 Page ID #:318
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 32 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
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`
`
`COMPLAINT-253
`
`COMPLAINT-253
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 36 of 80 Page ID #:319
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 36 of 80 Page ID #:319
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 33 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.46
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`
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`COMPLAINT-254
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`COMPLAINT-254
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 37 of 80 Page ID #:320
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 37 of 80 Page ID #:320
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.47
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 38 of 80 Page ID #:321
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 38 of 80 Page ID #:321
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 35 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.49
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`COMPLAINT-256
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`COMPLAINT-256
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 39 of 80 Page ID #:322
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25 2011
`
`Sheet 36 of 57
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`1..
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 40 of 80 Page ID #:323
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 40 of 80 Page ID #:323
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 37 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`
`
`COMPLAINT-2 5 8
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`COMPLAINT-258
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 41 of 80 Page ID #:324
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 41 of 80 Page ID #:324
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 38 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.52A
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 42 of 80 Page ID #:325
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 42 of 80 Page ID #:325
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 39 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`150
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`106
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`COMPLAINT-260
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`COMPLAINT-260
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 43 of 80 Page ID #:326
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 43 of 80 Page ID #:326
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 40 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.54A
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 44 of 80 Page ID #:327
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 44 of 80 Page ID #:327
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 41 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.SSB
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 45 of 80 Page ID #:328
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 45 of 80 Page ID #:328
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 42 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.56
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`COMPLAINT-263
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 46 of 80 Page ID #:329
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 46 of 80 Page ID #:329
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 43 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.58A
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`COMPLAINT-264
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`COMPLAINT-264
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 47 of 80 Page ID #:330
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 47 of 80 Page ID #:330
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 44 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.59
`
`202
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`COMPLAINT-265
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 48 of 80 Page ID #:331
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 48 of 80 Page ID #:331
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 45 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.60
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`0.35
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`COMPLAINT-266
`
`COMPLAINT-266
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 49 of 80 Page ID #:332
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 49 of 80 Page ID #:332
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 46 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`TRANSMISSION
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`0
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3
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`4
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`5
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`6
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`
`COMPLAINT-267
`
`COMPLAINT-267
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 50 of 80 Page ID #:333
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 50 of 80 Page ID #:333
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 47 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.62A
`
`
`
`COMPLAINT-268
`
`COMPLAINT-268
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 51 of 80 Page ID #:334
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 51 of 80 Page ID #:334
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 48 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`(%)
`
`TRANSMISSION
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`APPLIED VOLTAGE (v)
`
`COMPLAINT-269
`
`COMPLAINT-269
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 52 of 80 Page ID #:335
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 52 of 80 Page ID #:335
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 49 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG .64
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`COMPLAINT-270
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`COMPLAINT-270
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 53 of 80 Page ID #:336
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 53 of 80 Page ID #:336
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 50 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`F |G.65A
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`COMPLAINT-271
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`COMPLAINT-271
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 54 of 80 Page ID #:337
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 54 of 80 Page ID #:337
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 51 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`—l
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`(%)
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`APPLIED VOLTAGE (V)
`
`COMPLAINT-272
`
`COMPLAINT-272
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 55 of 80 Page ID #:338
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 55 of 80 Page ID #:338
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 52 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.6YB a:1:: Q
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`231
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`COMPLAINT-273
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`COMPLAINT-273
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 56 of 80 Page ID #:339
`mgm
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`COMPLAINT-274
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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 57 of 80 Page ID #:340
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 57 of 80 Page ID #:340
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 54 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.69A
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`FIG.6QB
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`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 58 of 80 Page ID #:341
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 58 of 80 Page ID #:341
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 55 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`(%)
`
`TRANSMISSION
`
`APPLIED VOLTAGE
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`COMPLAINT-276
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`COMPLAINT-276
`
`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 59 of 80 Page ID #:342
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 59 of 80 Page ID #:342
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 56 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.71
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`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 60 of 80 Page ID #:343
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 60 of 80 Page ID #:343
`
`US. Patent
`
`Oct. 25, 2011
`
`Sheet 57 of 57
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`FIG.72
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`262
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`COMPLAINT-278
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`COMPLAINT-278
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`

`

`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 61 of 80 Page ID #:344
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 61 of 80 Page ID #:344
`
`US 8,044,907 B2
`
`1
`LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY AND METHOD
`OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
`
`This is a divisional ofapplication Ser. No. 12/827,030, filed
`Jun. 30, 2010, which is a divisional of application Ser. No.
`11/299,799, filed Dec. 12, 2005, which is a divisional of
`application Ser. No. 10/796,783, filed Mar. 9, 2004, now US.
`Pat. No. 7,262,824, which issued on Aug. 28, 2007.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`1. Field of the Invention
`
`The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display
`used as a display section of an electronic apparatus and a
`method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly to
`an MVA type liquid crystal display having high viewing angle
`characteristics and a method of manufacturing the same.
`2. Description of the Related Art
`Recently, liquid crystal displays are widely used in various
`applications taking advantage of their features such as low
`profiles and light weights, low-voltage drivability and low
`power consumption. Further, some liquid crystal displays are
`available with display characteristics comparable to those of
`CRTs and are therefore being put in use as monitors and
`television receivers for which CRTs have been dominantly
`used.
`
`Among liquid crystal displays that are currently in practi-
`cal use, MVA (Multi-domainVertical Alignment) displays are
`one of types which exhibit high display characteristics com-
`parable to those of CRTs. In an MVA type liquid crystal
`display (hereinafter referred to as “MVA-LCD”), liquid crys-
`tal molecules are aligned substantially perpendicularly to a
`substrate surface when no voltage is applied. When a voltage
`is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a pre-
`determined direction that is regulated by alignment regulat-
`ing structures formed on a substrate surface. Alignment regu-
`lating structures include protrusions, recesses, and blanks
`(slits) in an electrode.
`FIG. 37 shows a configuration ofthree pixels of a common
`MVA-LCDAs shown in FIG. 37, linear protrusions 1102 and
`1104 in a Zigzag configuration constituted by dielectric bod-
`ies are formed on a pair of substrates provided opposite to
`each other, respectively. The linear protrusions 1102 formed
`on one of the substrates and the linear protrusions 1104
`formed on the other substrate are disposed alternately. Thus,
`liquid crystal molecules are tilted in a different direction in
`each ofregions A, B, C and D. Liquid crystal molecules in one
`pixel are tilted in four directions in the regions A, B, C and D,
`respectively, each of the directions being at a differential
`angle of about 90°. Thus, four domains of alignment are
`obtained.
`Patent Document 1: JP-A-2000-356773
`Patent Document 2: JP-A-2002-357830
`
`Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent No. 2947350
`Patent Document 4: JP-A-H11-242225
`
`FIG. 38A is a graph showing transmittance-voltage char-
`acteristics (T—V characteristics) of the MVA-LCD shown in
`FIG. 37. The abscissa axis represents voltages (V) applied to
`the liquid crystal, and the ordinate axis represents transmit-
`tances (%) of light. The line X1 in the graph indicates T—V
`characteristics in a direction perpendicular to the display
`screen (hereinafter referred to as “square direction”), and the
`line X2 indicates T—V characteristics in an upward direction at
`a polar angle of 60° to the display screen (hereinafter referred
`to as “oblique direction”). A polar angle is an angle to a line
`perpendicular to the display screen. The display mode of the
`MVA-LCD is the normally black mode in which a voltage
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`(absolute value) applied to the liquid crystal is decreased to
`display black and increased to display white. As shown in
`FIG. 38A, when voltages (in the range from about 2.2 to 2.9
`V) in the neighborhood of a region where a threshold voltage
`is exceeded are applied, transmittances in the oblique direc-
`tion are higher than those in the square direction.
`FIG. 38B is an enlarged view of the neighborhood of the
`threshold voltage in the graph shown in FIG. 38A. As shown
`in FIG. 38B, for example, when a voltage (about 2.3 V) which
`provides a transmittance of 0.2% in the square direction is
`applied, transmittance in the oblique direction increases to
`about 2.5% as indicated by the arrow in the figure. In particu-
`lar, when a voltage slightly in the excess of the threshold
`voltage is applied, since the value of the resultant transmit-
`tance itself is small, transmittance in the oblique direction
`increases significantly relative to transmittance in the square
`direction. This results in a problem in that an image displayed
`in halftones appears whitish in the oblique direction because
`of degradation of gradation/viewing angle characteristics. It
`is desired to mitigate this phenomenon because it can reduce
`display quality of an MVA-LCD.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`It is an object of the invention to provide a liquid crystal
`display which can achieve high viewing angle characteristics
`and a method of manufacturing the same.
`The above object is achieved by a liquid crystal display
`characterized in that it has a pair of substrates provided oppo-
`site to each other, a liquid crystal sealed between the pair of
`substrates, alignment regulating structures formed on at least
`either of the pair of substrates for regulating the alignment of
`the liquid crystal, and a plurality of pixel regions having both
`of a first area in which the alignment regulating structures are
`disposed at first intervals and which has a first threshold
`voltage for driving of the liquid crystal and a second area in
`which the alignment regulating structures are disposed at
`second intervals smaller than the first intervals and which has
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`a second threshold voltage lower than the first threshold volt-
`age.
`As described above, the invention makes it possible to
`provide a liquid crystal display which can achieve high view-
`ing angle characteristics.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIGS. 1A and 1B are graphs showing T—V characteristics of
`a liquid crystal display in a first mode for carrying out the
`invention;
`FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of the liquid crys-
`tal display in the first mode for carrying out the invention;
`FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a configuration of an
`MVA-LCD;
`FIG. 4 is a graph showing T—V characteristics of the MVA-
`LCD;
`FIGS. 5A to SF show examples of patterns in which align-
`ment regulating structures are disposed;
`FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing disposition of protru-
`sions in a pixel;
`FIG. 7 shows disposition ofprotrusions in a pixel as viewed
`in a direction perpendicular to substrate surfaces;
`FIG. 8 is a graph showing a comparison between T—V
`characteristics achieved with the configuration shown in FIG.
`6 and T—V characteristics achieved with the configuration
`shown in FIG. 7;
`
`COMPLAINT-279
`
`COMPLAINT-279
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`

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`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1-4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 62 of 80 Page ID #:345
`Case 8:20-cv-00490 Document 1—4 Filed 03/10/20 Page 62 of 80 Page ID #:345
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`US 8,044,907 B2
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`FIG. 9 shows a configuration of a liquid crystal display
`according to Embodiment l-l in the first mode for carrying
`out the invention;
`FIG. 10 shows a configuration of a liquid crystal display
`according to Embodiment l-2 in the first mode for carrying 5
`out the invention;
`FIG. 11 shows a configuration of a liquid crystal display
`according to Embodiment 1-3 in the first mode for carrying
`out the invention;
`FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a
`liquid crystal display in a second mode for carrying out the
`invention;
`FIG. 13 is a graph showing T—V characteristics ofthe liquid
`crystal display in the second mode for carrying out the inven-
`tion;
`FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing another configuration
`of a liquid crystal display in the second mode for carrying out
`the invention;
`FIGS. 15A to 15F are sectional views taken in processes
`showing a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display
`according to the related art;
`FIGS. 16A to 16C are sectional views taken in processes
`