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`UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS
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`NEW CINGULAR WIRELESS PCS LLC,
`d/b/a AT&T MOBILITY,
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`Plaintiff,
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`vs.
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`3:20-cv-1327
`No. __________________
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`)
`MONROE COUNTY BOARD OF ZONING
`APPEALS and MONROE COUNTY BOARD OF )
`COMMISSIONERS,
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`))
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`Defendants.
`__________________________________________)
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`COMPLAINT
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`This action arises out of the unlawful denial of a wireless communications facility siting
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`request by Monroe County, Illinois and its Board of Commissioners and Board of Zoning
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`Appeals. Plaintiff New Cingular Wireless PCS LLC d/b/a AT&T Mobility (“AT&T”) for its
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`complaint alleges as follows:
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`1.
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`The Telecommunications Act of 1996, 47 U.S.C. § 151 et seq. (the
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`“Telecommunications Act” or the “1996 Act”) preempts State and local decisions that “prohibit
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`or have the effect of prohibiting the provision of personal wireless services,” and requires that
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`State and local decisions denying requests to place personal wireless service facilities, such as
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`cell towers, be supported by substantial evidence contained in a written record. 47 U.S.C. §
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`332(c)(7)(B). The Monroe County Board of Commissioners (“Board of Commissioners”)
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`violated § 332(c)(7)(B) when it denied AT&T’s application (the “Application”) for permission to
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`construct an approximately 155-foot wireless communication monopole (the “Facility”) and
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`related equipment at a site (“Site”) within a fenced-in, leased portion of a parcel of land located
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`CHDB01 1526487.1 02-Dec-10 12:12
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`
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`Case 3:20-cv-01327-GCS Document 1 Filed 12/10/20 Page 2 of 14 Page ID #2
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`at 1332 Valmeyer Road, outside the corporate limits of Columbia, Illinois. The Board of
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`Commissioners based their decision on the ruling of the Monroe County Board of Zoning
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`Appeals (“Zoning Board”) (collectively, with the Board of Commissioners, the “County”),
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`whose erroneous interpretation of County ordinances contradicted those ordinances as properly
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`interpreted, as well as state and federal law. Attached hereto as Exhibit A is a true and correct
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`copy of the Zoning Board’s final written decision denying AT&T’s zoning appeal.
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`2.
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`AT&T seeks to install the Facility at the Site in order to remedy significant
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`service deficiencies in its personal wireless service coverage in the area. AT&T considered
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`several potential locations for the proposed Facility, but each of the alternatives proved
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`infeasible. AT&T’s proposal to place a monopole at the Site is the only feasible option for
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`filling the significant gap in coverage in the area.
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`3.
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`The County’s actions were not based on substantial evidence contained in a
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`written record, as required by 47 U.S.C. § 332(c)(7)(B)(iii). In addition, the Zoning Board’s
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`denial prohibits or has the effect of prohibiting AT&T’s provision of personal wireless services,
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`in violation of 47 U.S.C. § 332(c)(7)(B)(i). AT&T thus seeks all appropriate relief pursuant to
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`47 U.S.C. § 332(c)(7)(B)(v).
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`4.
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`Furthermore, the County’s denial was in error and a misapplication of the
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`County’s ordinances, and violated the restrictions set forth the Illinois Counties Code, namely 55
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`ILCS 5/5-12001.1, which limit the standards a county can implement to approve or deny a
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`telecommunications carrier’s application. The County’s denial violated those standards by
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`erroneously prohibiting AT&T from installing the Facility on a leased parcel of land, adjacent to
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`which the landlord operated a storage facility. Furthermore, the County’s interpretation of its
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`ordinance effectively prohibits telecommunications carriers from installing wireless towers on a
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`2
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`Case 3:20-cv-01327-GCS Document 1 Filed 12/10/20 Page 3 of 14 Page ID #3
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`substantial amount of commercial properties, which is the very type of property that the Illinois
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`Counties Code explicitly prefers for tower installations.
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`THE PARTIES
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`5.
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`Plaintiff New Cingular Wireless PCS LLC d/b/a AT&T Mobility (referred to
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`hereinafter as AT&T) is a Delaware limited liability company. It is licensed to conduct business
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`in the State of Illinois and operates wireless communications facilities throughout the State of
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`Illinois. New Cingular Wireless PCS LLC is indirectly wholly owned by AT&T Inc.,
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`subsidiaries and affiliates of which provide wireless communication services nationwide.
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`6.
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`Defendant Monroe County Board of Zoning Appeals is a duly constituted board
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`of zoning appeals established under 55 ILCS 5/5-12009 of the Illinois General Assembly with
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`jurisdiction over all unincorporated land within Monroe County and with an office at 100 S.
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`Main St., Waterloo, IL 62298.
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`7.
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`Defendant Monroe County Board of Commissioners is a duly constituted board
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`with jurisdiction over local government policy decisions within Monroe County and with an
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`office at 100 S. Main St., Waterloo, IL 62298.
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`JURISDICTION AND VENUE
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`8.
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`This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this action pursuant to (a) section
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`332(c)(7)(B)(v) of the Telecommunications Act because AT&T has been adversely affected and
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`aggrieved by the Zoning Board’s denial of its Application and (b) 28 U.S.C. § 1331 because this
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`action presents a federal question under the Telecommunications Act.
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`9.
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`This Court may exercise supplemental jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §
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`1367(a) over AT&T’s claims made pursuant to Illinois law because those state law claims are so
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`related to the federal claims as to form part of the same case or controversy.
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`3
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`Case 3:20-cv-01327-GCS Document 1 Filed 12/10/20 Page 4 of 14 Page ID #4
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`10.
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`Venue is proper in this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1391 because defendants
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`reside in this district and the events and/or omissions giving rise to AT&T’s claims arose in this
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`judicial district.
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`FACTS
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`I. Background
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`11.
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`AT&T and its affiliates provide wireless voice and data products and services to
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`customers nationwide, including “personal wireless services” within the meaning of Section 332
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`of the Telecommunications Act, 47 U.S.C. § 332.
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`12.
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`The licenses authorizing AT&T to provide wireless service in Monroe County
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`were issued by the FCC pursuant to the Federal Communications Act, as amended. The Act
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`establishes a national policy to “make available, so far as possible, to all people of the United
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`States, without discrimination . . . a rapid, efficient, Nation-wide and worldwide wire and radio
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`communications service with adequate facilities at reasonable charges for the purposes of
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`national defense [and] for the purpose of promoting safety of life and property through the use of
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`wire and radio communications.” 47 U.S.C. § 151.
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`13. Wireless service is important to the public safety and for consumer convenience.
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`There are now more wireless subscriptions than landline telephone subscriptions in the United
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`States. At present, the number of landline telephone subscribers across the nation is declining
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`every year while the number of wireless subscribers increases.
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`14.
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`For many Americans, wireless devices have become an indispensable replacement
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`for traditional landline telephones. Even when Americans maintain both types of service, they
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`are opting increasingly to use wireless over their landline.
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`4
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`Case 3:20-cv-01327-GCS Document 1 Filed 12/10/20 Page 5 of 14 Page ID #5
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`15.
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`For Americans living in “wireless only” homes and working in “wireless only”
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`businesses, cell phones are their only lifeline in emergencies.
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`16.
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`To meet the policy goals established by Congress, and provide personal wireless
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`services to local businesses, public safety entities, and the general public, AT&T must
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`consistently update its technology, facilities, and network to keep up to date with customers’
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`ever-growing demand for mobile services, including mobile data service, wireless phone
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`coverage, and emergency services communications. Among other things, AT&T must create
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`and maintain a network of “cell sites,” each of which consists of antennas and related equipment
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`designed to send and receive radio signals.
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`17. Wireless devices using all-digital technology operate by transmitting a radio
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`signal to antennas mounted on a tower, pole, building, or other structure. The antennas feed the
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`signals to electronic devices housed in a small equipment cabin or base station. The base station
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`is connected by microwave, fiber optic cable, or ordinary telephone wire to a base station
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`controller subsequently routing the calls throughout the world.
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`18.
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`In order to provide reliable service to a user, coverage must overlap in a grid
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`pattern resembling a honeycomb. In order for the entire network to be operational, there must be
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`properly placed cell sites installed and functioning so that reliable coverage can be realized.
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`Only when the entire system is operational will a user have service and be able to partake in
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`uninterrupted conversations throughout a given territory. If there is no functioning cell site
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`within a given area, there would be no service for customers within that area and mobile
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`customers who travel through the area will experience an unacceptable level of dropped calls.
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`19. When there is a need to improve coverage in a specific area, AT&T’s engineers
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`produce a search ring, identifying the area within which a wireless facility of the necessary
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`5
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`Case 3:20-cv-01327-GCS Document 1 Filed 12/10/20 Page 6 of 14 Page ID #6
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`height must be located or upgraded. The study takes into account the topography of the land, the
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`coverage boundaries of neighboring cells, and other factors.
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`20. Within the Zoning Division of the Illinois’s Counties Code are provisions
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`granting Illinois counties limited authority to regulate the telecommunications facilities pursuant
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`to the explicit standards and requirements therein. See 55 ILCS 5/5-12001.1.
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`21.
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`Section 55 ILCS 5/5-12001.1, provides, inter alia:
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`a. “[T]he county board or board of county commissioners of any county
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`shall have the power to regulate the location of the facilities . . . of a
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`telecommunications carrier . . . established outside the corporate limits of
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`cities . . . The power shall only be exercised to the extent and in the
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`manner set forth in this Section.” 55 ILCS 5/5-12001.1(a).
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`b. Telecommunications carriers should place the highest priority on “non-
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`residentially zoned lot[s]” when choosing locations for
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`telecommunications facilities. 55 ILCS 5/5-12001.1(d)
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`c. “A facility may be located on the same zoning lot as one or more other
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`structures or uses without violating any ordinance or regulation that
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`prohibits or limits multiple structures, buildings, or uses on a zoning lot.”
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`55 ILCS 5/5-12001.1(f)(2)
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`d. The reasonableness of the County’s adverse decision concerning AT&T’s
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`facility is subject to judicial review without any presumption of validity.
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`55 ILCS 5/-12001.1(f)(9).
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`e. In Illinois counties with a population of less than 180,000 (such as Monroe
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`County), a telecommunications facility is deemed permitted if it satisfies
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`6
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`Case 3:20-cv-01327-GCS Document 1 Filed 12/10/20 Page 7 of 14 Page ID #7
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`the height and horizontal separation requirements set forth in 55 ILCS 5/-
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`12001.1(g)(1).
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`f. If a facility does not satisfy said requirements, the county board is to hold
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`a meeting “no later than 75 days after submission of a complete
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`application by the telecommunications carrier. If the county board fails to
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`act on the application within 75 days after its submission, the application
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`shall be deemed to have been approved. No more than one public hearing
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`shall be required.” 55 ILCS 5/-12001.1(g)(2).
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`22. Monroe County has enacted certain ordinances with respect to the siting of
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`telecommunications facilities within the County. See Monroe County Zoning Code of
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`Ordinances, § 40-9-1 – § 40-9-3 and § 41-1-1 – § 41-2-11 (“Zoning Code”).
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`II. AT&T’s Zoning Application
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`23.
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`AT&T has significant service deficiencies in its wireless network coverage in
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`Monroe County. Specifically, AT&T’s coverage in the area around the proposed Facility is
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`stressed and is causing service disruptions for local customers. Due to the continued population
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`and commercial growth in the area, the coverage issues will only get worse over time.
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`24.
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`The Site of AT&T’s proposed Facility would be located within a fenced-in, leased
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`portion of the 1332 Valmeyer parcel. The owner of the subject parcel currently maintains a self-
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`storage facility on a separate portion of the parcel.
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`25.
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`Placing the proposed Facility, a 155-foot monopole, at the proposed Site would
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`alleviate the issues currently experienced and to be experienced with respect to AT&T’s wireless
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`1 The Monroe County Code of Ordinances contains apparently duplicative ordinances with
`respect to “Communication Structures” (§ 40-9-1 – § 40-9-3) and “Communication Support
`Structures and Antennas” (41-1-1 – § 41-2-1).
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`7
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`Case 3:20-cv-01327-GCS Document 1 Filed 12/10/20 Page 8 of 14 Page ID #8
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`coverage. The Site is centrally located within the area in question, and is zoned MB2, where
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`communications facilities are permitted under the Zoning Code.
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`26.
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`The Zoning Code notes that “[c]ommunication support structures and antennas
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`may be permitted in all zoning districts…” The Ordinance requires that a proposed tower meet
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`certain requirements and that the tower owner make certain submissions as part of a zoning
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`application, including a full site plan.
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`27.
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`AT&T’s site acquisition representative submitted a Zoning Application for the
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`Proposed Tower on April 12, 2019. AT&T’s application satisfied the Zoning Code’s submission
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`requirements, and demonstrated that the Facility would address the substantial service issues in
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`the area immediately surrounding the Facility.
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`28.
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`The search for an acceptable alternative site included researching any existing tall
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`structures (buildings, other towers, water towers) within one mile of the proposed location.
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`29. When attempting to remedy a gap in service coverage, AT&T seeks where
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`possible to co-locate its antenna facilities on existing towers or other existing suitable structures.
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`30.
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`Here, there is no existing tower or other tall structure upon which AT&T could
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`co-locate its facilities in order to remedy the service deficiencies.
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`III. The Board of Commissioner’s Hearing, Rehearing, and Zoning Administrator’s
`Decision
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`On November 4, 2019, the County’s Board of Commissioners held a public
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`31.
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`hearing on AT&T’s April 12, 2019 application. After a presentation from AT&T representatives
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`and remonstrations from the public, the Board of Commissioners tabled its decision on the
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`application, and held a second public hearing on August 3, 2020.
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`32.
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`During the August 3, 2020 hearing, the Board of Commissioners requested that
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`the County Zoning Administrator interpret a portion of the Zoning Code, namely § 40-9-3(B)(1)
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`8
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`Case 3:20-cv-01327-GCS Document 1 Filed 12/10/20 Page 9 of 14 Page ID #9
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`and § 41-2-1(B)(1), which both state “No public office, or principal repair or storage facilities
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`shall be maintained in connection with the site.”
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`33.
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`AT&T argued that the referenced provision was intended only to prevent
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`telecommunications carriers from maintaining significant additional operations in addition to the
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`telecommunications facility itself, such as operating a company vehicle repair operation, or
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`commercial sales office, or a company equipment storage program. However, the County Zoning
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`Administrator interpreted the provisions as prohibiting AT&T from installing the proposed
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`Facility at the Site because the owner of the larger parcel operates a self-storage business on a
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`portion of the parcel, despite (a) the storage facility having no commercial relation to AT&T’s
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`business operations, (b) AT&T having no intention to operate a storage facility of any kind in
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`connection with the Facility, and (c) the leased premises constituting the Site for the Facility
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`being fenced off and separated from the self-storage business.
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`34.
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`The Board of Commissioners deferred further discussion on or determination of
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`AT&T’s application while AT&T pursued an appeal of the Zoning Administrator’s
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`interpretation. AT&T filed an appeal with the Zoning Board shortly after the August 3, 2020
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`hearing.
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`IV. The Zoning Board’s Hearing and Decision
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`35.
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`On September 9, 2020, the Zoning Board held a public hearing on AT&T’s
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`appeal of the Zoning Administrator’s decision. AT&T argued that the Zoning Administrator’s
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`interpretation of the Zoning Code was erroneous and, if it was not erroneous, the Zoning Code
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`likely violated Illinois and federal law.
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`36.
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`The Zoning Board also heard from remonstrators who voiced concerns about the
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`location of the proposed Facility. The Zoning Board then voted to deny AT&T’s appeal, with a
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`9
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`Case 3:20-cv-01327-GCS Document 1 Filed 12/10/20 Page 10 of 14 Page ID #10
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`vote of two (2) in favor of overturning the Zoning Administrator’s interpretation, two (2) against
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`overturning the decision, and one (1) abstention.
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`37.
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`At a public meeting on October 5, 2020, the County Board of Commissioners
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`verbally denied AT&T’s application in light of the Zoning Board’s determination. The meeting
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`minutes for this meeting were published on the County website on December 2, 2020.
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`38.
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`On November 10, 2020, the Zoning Board approved and issued a formal written
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`decision, which summarized the statements made by various parties during the September 9,
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`2020 hearing, and noted the Zoning Board’s vote tally. See Exhibit A hereto.
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`COUNT I
`(The Federal Telecommunications Act of 1996,
`47 U.S.C. § 332(c)(7) - Substantial Evidence)
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`AT&T incorporates by reference the allegations in each of the paragraphs set
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`39.
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`forth above.
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`40.
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`Although the 1996 Act preserves local zoning authority over the siting of wireless
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`facilities, 47 U.S.C. § 332(c)(7)(A), “the method by which siting decisions are made is now
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`subject to judicial oversight.” Cellular Tel. Co. v. Town of Oyster Bay, 166 F.3d 490, 493 (2d
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`Cir. 1999). “Therefore denials subject to the Act are reviewed by a court more closely” than
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`other zoning decisions. Id. Among other things, “[i]f a decision is not supported by substantial
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`evidence, § 332(c)(7)(B)(iii), or if it effectively prohibits the provision of wireless service, §
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`332(c)(7)(B)(i)(II), then under the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution, local law is pre-empted
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`in order to effectuate the Act’s national policy goals.” Second Generation Props. L.P. v. Town of
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`Pelham, 313 F.3d 620, 627 (1st Cir. 2002).
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`41.
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`Pursuant to 47 U.S.C. § 332(c)(7)(B)(iii), “[a]ny decision by a State or local
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`government or instrumentality thereof to deny a request to place, construct, or modify personal
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`10
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`Case 3:20-cv-01327-GCS Document 1 Filed 12/10/20 Page 11 of 14 Page ID #11
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`wireless service facilities shall be in writing and supported by substantial evidence contained in a
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`written record.”
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`42.
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`The Zoning Board’s decision to deny AT&T’s appeal, and the Board of
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`Commissioners’ subsequent denial of AT&T’s application, violate 47 U.S.C. § 332(c)(7)(B)(iii)
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`because the decisions are not supported by substantial evidence in a written record. The record
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`does not contain substantial evidence to justify the decision issued by the Zoning Board on
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`November 10, 2020. In that regard, there is no evidence, much less substantial evidence in a
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`written record, that AT&T would be maintaining a storage facility “in connection with” the Site,
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`as the storage facility that is located elsewhere on the parcel containing the Site has no
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`commercial or operational relationship with the AT&T’s facility.
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`43.
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`The County’s erroneous interpretations and decisions have caused and will
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`continue to cause AT&T irreparable harm.
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`44.
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`AT&T is entitled to relief under the Telecommunications Act ordering the Zoning
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`Board to approve AT&T’s appeal, and ordering the Board of Commissioners to thereafter
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`approve AT&T’s application and other permits required to install, operate, and maintain the
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`Facility.
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`45.
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`above.
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`COUNT II
`(The Federal Telecommunications Act of 1996,
`47 U.S.C. § 332(c)(7) - Effective Prohibition)
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`AT&T incorporates here by reference the allegations in each of the paragraphs
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`46.
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`Local authority over zoning and land use matters cannot be used to “prohibit or
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`have the effect of prohibiting the provision of personal wireless services.” 47 U.S.C. §
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`332(c)(7)(B)(i)(II).
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`11
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`Case 3:20-cv-01327-GCS Document 1 Filed 12/10/20 Page 12 of 14 Page ID #12
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`47.
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`The Telecommunications Act requires local zoning authorities to allow carriers to
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`resolve significant coverage issues in the coverage of their wireless networks.
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`48.
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`AT&T has significant coverage issues in its wireless network and provision of
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`personal wireless services in Monroe County.
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`49.
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`AT&T’s proposed Facility at the Site represents the only feasible and least
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`intrusive means of remedying AT&T’s significant gap in its personal wireless services coverage.
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`50.
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`The County’s interpretations and decisions violate Section 332(c)(7)(B)(i). The
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`denial of AT&T’s application has the effect of prohibiting the provision personal wireless
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`service in the relevant area.
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`51.
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`The County’s decisions have caused and will continue to cause AT&T irreparable
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`harm.
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`52.
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`AT&T is entitled to relief under the Telecommunications Act ordering the Zoning
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`Board to approve AT&T’s approval and to provide permits required to install, operate, and
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`maintain the Facility.
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`COUNT III
`REQUEST FOR JUDICIAL REVIEW OF ZONING DECISION
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`53.
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`AT&T incorporates here by reference the allegations in each of the paragraphs
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`
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`above.
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`54.
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`The County’s interpretation of the Zoning Code and related actions and decisions
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`described herein improperly prohibit AT&T from proceeding with installation of the Facility at
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`the commercially zoned Site.
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`55.
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`The County’s interpretation of the Zoning Code and related actions and decisions
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`described herein violate the requirements and standards of 55 ILCS 5/5-12001.1.
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`12
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`Case 3:20-cv-01327-GCS Document 1 Filed 12/10/20 Page 13 of 14 Page ID #13
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`56.
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`Among other violations, the County’s decision is founded on the erroneous belief
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`that the Zoning Ordinance prohibits installation of a communications tower on any parcel of land
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`whereupon a “public office, or principal repair or storage facilit[y]” is located. Prohibiting
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`installation of communications towers on sites with “public offices” and “storage facilities”
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`would effectively restrict telecommunications carriers from pursuing tower installations at
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`countless non-residentially zoned lots that contain such offices or facilities, a result which
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`squarely subverts the siting preferences of 55 ILCS 5/5-12001.1(d).
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`57.
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`AT&T has exhausted all available remedies under applicable administrative
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`review laws and ordinances, and requests judicial review of this decision.
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`58.
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`The timeliness and propriety of the County’s adverse decision concerning
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`AT&T’s facility is subject to de novo judicial review without any presumption of validity. 55
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`ILCS 5/-12001.1(f)(9); 55 ILCS 5/5-12012.1(a).
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`COUNT IV
`VIOLATION OF 55 ILCS 5/5-12001.1
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`AT&T incorporates here by reference the allegations in each of the paragraphs
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`59.
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`above.
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`60.
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`In the alternative to Count III, if the County’s interpretation of the Zoning Code is
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`proper (i.e., the Zoning Code does, in fact, restrict installation of telecommunications towers on
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`lots where separate business have public offices, or principal repair or storage facilities), the
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`Zoning Code would have the effect of substantially prohibiting the provision of personal wireless
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`service in the relevant area in violation of 55 ILCS 5/5-12001.1. The Zoning Code is therefore
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`preempted by the requirements of 55 ILCS 5/5-12001.1.
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`13
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`Case 3:20-cv-01327-GCS Document 1 Filed 12/10/20 Page 14 of 14 Page ID #14
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`61.
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`AT&T is entitled to judicial review and relief ordering the Zoning Board to
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`approve AT&T’s application and other permits required to install, operate, and maintain the
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`Facility.
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`PRAYER FOR RELIEF
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`WHEREFORE, AT&T respectfully prays that this Court grant it relief as follows:
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`1.
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`2.
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`Permit expedited review of the matters set forth in this Complaint;
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`Enter an order declaring the County’s decisions violate and are preempted by 47
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`U.S.C. § 332(c)(7);
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`3.
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`Enter an order declaring the County’s decisions violate and are preempted by 55
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`ILCS 5/5-12001.1;
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`4.
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`Enter an order requiring the County to approve AT&T’s Application and
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`authorize AT&T to install its proposed Facility at the Site and to issue all other permits required
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`to install, operate, and maintain the Facility; and
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`5.
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`Order such other relief as the Court deems appropriate.
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`
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`Dated: December 10, 2020
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`Respectfully submitted,
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`
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`
`
` By: /s/ Luke G. Maher
`Luke G. Maher
`Norton Rose Fulbright US LLP
`7676 Forsyth Blvd., Suite 2230
`St. Louis, Missouri 63105
`Telephone: (314) 505-8800
`Facsimile: (314) 505-8899
`luke.maher@nortonrosefulbright.com
`
`
`Attorneys for Plaintiff
`
`
`14
`
`