`____________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`____________
`
`ASPHALT PRODUCTS UNLIMITED, INC.
`Petitioner
`
`v.
`
`BLACKLIDGE EMULSIONS, INC.
`Patent Owner
`____________
`
`Case IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`Patents 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
`____________
`
`June 15, 2018
`____________
`
`PATENT OWNER SUPPLEMENTAL RESPONSE TO PETITION
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`U.S. Patent Nos. 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`
`
`
`I.
`INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1
`II. LEGAL STANDARD ....................................................................................... 3
`III. ARGUMENT ..................................................................................................... 4
`A. APU Failed to Show That Pasquier Discloses a Cured Coating With
`the Claimed Penetration Values and Softening Points ..................................... 4
`B. APU Failed to Show That Pasquier Discloses Heating the Asphalt
`Pavement Material .............................................................................................13
`IV. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 14
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`i
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`
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`IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`U.S. Patent Nos. 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
`
`
`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
`
`Cases
`In re Robertson
` 169 F.3d 743 (Fed. Cir. 1999) ................................................................................ 3
`
`Nidec Motor Corp.v. Zhongshan Broad Ocean Motor Co. Ltd
` 851 F.3d 1270 (Fed. Cir. 2017) .............................................................................. 4
`
`SAS Inst., Inc. v. Iancu
` 138 S.Ct. 1348 (2018) ............................................................................................ 1
`
`Therasense, Inc. v. Becton, Dickinson and Co.
` 593 F.3d 1325 (Fed. Cir. 2010) ..........................................................................4, 7
`
`Verdegaal Bros. v. Union Oil Co. of California
` 814 F.2d 628 (Fed. Cir. 1987) ..........................................................................3, 14
`
`
`
`
`ii
`
`
`
`
`IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`U.S. Patent Nos. 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
`
`On April 27, 2018, the Board entered an Order “institut[ing] on all of the
`
`challenged claims and all of the grounds presented in the Petitions,” in accord with
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`the Supreme Court’s decision in SAS Inst., Inc. v. Iancu, 138 S.Ct. 1348 (2018).
`
`(IPR2017-01241, Paper 46 (Apr. 27, 2018); IPR2017-01242, Paper 48 (Apr. 27,
`
`2018).) The parties subsequently stipulated that “Patent Owner may submit a
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`Supplemental Response to Petition addressing the grounds instituted by the Board’s
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`April 27, 2018, Order limited to 5,000 words by Due Date 3 (June 15, 2018).”
`
`(IPR2017-01241, Paper 49 (May 4, 2018); IPR2017-01242, Paper 51 (May 4,
`
`2018).) Patent Owner hereby submits its Supplemental Response to Petition.
`
`Because its arguments are the same for both IPR2017-01241 regarding U.S. Patent
`
`7,503,724 (“the ’724 patent”) and IPR2017-01242 regarding U.S. Patent 7,918,624
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`(“the ’624 patent”), Patent Owner submits identical briefing in both proceedings,
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`with dual citations where needed.
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`
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`The Board previously denied institution of Petitioner’s anticipation grounds1
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`because “Petitioner has failed to demonstrate a reasonable likelihood of establishing
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`that Pasquier anticipates any of these claims.” (IPR2017-01241, Paper 23 at 11 (Oct.
`
`
`1 Petitioner asserts that Pasquier anticipates claims 1-5, 12, 23, 24, and 28 of the ’724
`patent and claims 1-5, 12, 14-18, and 25 of the ’624 patent. IPR2017-01241, Pet. at
`6; IPR2017-01242, Pet. at 6.
`
`
`
`1
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`
`
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`IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`U.S. Patent Nos. 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
`
`24, 2017); IPR2017-01241, Paper 23 at 11 (Oct. 24, 2017).) The Board determined
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`that “Petitioner has, at most, demonstrated merely a probability that Pasquier’s
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`asphalt emulsion, when cured, exhibits [the claimed penetration values and softening
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`points.” (IPR2017-01241, Paper 23 at 14; IPR2017-01241, Paper 23 at 14.) Since
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`that denial, Petitioner has provided no new evidence that would compel a different
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`decision.
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`For at least the same reasons relied on by the Board in the institution decisions,
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`APU’s primary reference, Pasquier, does not anticipate the independent claims,
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`consisting of claims 1 and 23 of the ’724 patent and claims 1, 14, and 25 of the ’624
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`patent.2 Namely, Pasquier fails to expressly or inherently disclose a cured coating
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`with the claimed penetration values and softening points. Petitioner admitted that
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`Pasquier lacked such an express disclosure. (IPR2017-01241, Pet. at 30; IPR2017-
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`01242, Pet. at 29.) And Petitioner implicitly admitted the possibility that Pasquier’s
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`cured tack coating might not meet the claimed penetration values and softening
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`points, precluding a finding of inherency. (See IPR2017-01241, Paper 23 at 14-15;
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`IPR2017-01241, Paper 23 at 14-15.)
`
`
`2 The arguments set forth herein apply with equal force to Patent Owner’s proposed
`amended claims. Additional arguments specific to the amended claims will be
`advanced in contemporaneous briefing in reply to Petitioner’s Opposition to Patent
`Owner’s Motion to Amend.
`
`
`
`2
`
`
`
`
`IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`U.S. Patent Nos. 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
`
`In addition, Pasquier neither expressly nor inherently describes the step of
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`heating the asphalt pavement material as recited in claim 1 of the ’724 patent and
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`claim 1 of the ’624 patent. Petitioner argued that Pasquier also inherently disclosed
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`this limitation but resorted to other references for its disclosure. (IPR2017-01241,
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`Pet. at 39-40; IPR2017-01242, Pet. at 38-39.) Petitioner failed to explain how this
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`other reference demonstrated that this limitation was inherently present in Pasquier.
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`The Board should find that Pasquier fails to anticipate the challenged claims
`
`of the ’724 and ’624 patents.
`
`
`
`II. LEGAL STANDARD
`A claim is anticipated only if each and every element as set forth in the claim
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`is found, either expressly or inherently described, in a single prior art reference.”
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`Verdegaal Bros. v. Union Oil Co. of California, 814 F.2d 628, 631 (Fed. Cir. 1987).
`
`“To establish inherency, the extrinsic evidence ‘must make clear that the missing
`
`descriptive matter is necessarily present in the thing described in the reference ….”’
`
`In re Robertson, 169 F.3d 743, 745 (Fed. Cir. 1999). “Inherency, however, may not
`
`be established by probabilities or possibilities. The mere fact that a certain thing may
`
`result from a given set of circumstances is not sufficient…. Inherent anticipation
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`requires that the missing descriptive material is necessarily present, not merely
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`
`
`3
`
`
`
`
`IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`U.S. Patent Nos. 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
`
`probably or possibly present, in the prior art.” Therasense, Inc. v. Becton, Dickinson
`
`and Co., 593 F.3d 1325, 1332 (Fed. Cir. 2010) (internal quotes and cites omitted).
`
`III. ARGUMENT
`
`A. APU Failed to Show That Pasquier Discloses a Cured Coating
`With the Claimed Penetration Values and Softening Points
`
`Pasquier does not expressly describe or necessarily require a “coating” or
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`“bonding layer” having “a penetration value less than about 20 dmm [or less than
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`about 40 dmm] and a softening point greater than about 140°F. (60°C.)” when
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`“cured.” (See IPR2017-01241, Ex. 1001 (claims 1 and 23); IPR2017-01242, Ex.
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`1001 (claims 1, 14, and 25.) Pasquier merely describes a “residual coat, after the
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`emulsion break” (Ex. 1003, p. 5:7-8) and nowhere even mentions the term cured.
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`Moreover, Pasquier acknowledges the use of road construction techniques that apply
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`a tack coat and a subsequent overlay without waiting for the emulsion to cure. For
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`example, Pasquier describes the “use of a spray paver that spreads the emulsion just
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`before the coating.” (Ex. 1003 at 3:43). Case law is clear that anticipation will not
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`lie where the asserted reference lacks limitations—even where a skilled artisan
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`would immediately envision what is missing. See Nidec Motor Corp.v. Zhongshan
`
`Broad Ocean Motor Co. Ltd, 851 F.3d 1270, 1275 (Fed. Cir. 2017) (reversing
`
`Board’s finding of anticipation). Thus, no basis exists to conclude that Pasquier
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`necessarily requires the cured coating of the challenged independent claims.
`4
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`
`
`IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`U.S. Patent Nos. 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
`
`Because Pasquier does not expressly or inherently disclose a cured coating or
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`bonding layer, it cannot anticipate the challenged claims.
`
`Petitioner admitted that Pasquier lacked an express disclosure of the claimed
`
`penetration values and softening points. (IPR2017-01241, Pet. at 30; IPR2017-
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`01242, Pet. at 29.) Thus, to carry its burden to show anticipation, Petitioner must
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`demonstrate inherency.
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`Pasquier does not inherently discloses a coating or bonding layer having a
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`penetration value less than about 20 dmm (or less than about 40 dmm) and a
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`softening point greater than about 140°F, as required by the challenged independent
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`claims. APU relies on its expert Dr. James to argue that a “10/20 paving grade
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`asphalt as discussed in Pasquier inherently had a softening point greater than about
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`140°F.” (Ex. 1002, ¶¶ 142-143.) APU and Dr. James attempt to bolster their
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`arguments with numerous references that, at best, suggest that some (or “typical”)
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`asphalts (not cured coatings) with a penetration value less than 20 dmm have
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`softening points greater than about 140°F. (See, e.g., Petition at 31-35; Ex. 1002, ¶¶
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`142-149.) But Pasquier nowhere requires the use of paving-grade asphalt or
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`discloses any embodiments necessarily made using paving-grade asphalts or even
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`typical asphalts. Indeed, Pasquier explicitly provides that “all road or industrial
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`bitumen types can be used” (Ex. 1003, 8:20-22 (emphasis added)), leaving the
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`
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`5
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`
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`IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`U.S. Patent Nos. 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
`
`choice of 10/20 asphalt to the reader. Furthermore, APU’s own reference, the Shell
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`Bitumen Handbook, describes numerous asphalts in the 10-20-dmm penetration
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`range with softening points well below 60° C. (See Ex. 1008 at 28 (Fig. 2.3,
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`reproduced below with annotations added to show softening points).) Pasquier does
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`not detail the specific penetration values within his 10-20 dmm range of the asphalts
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`in his embodiments and does not provide their softening points. The selection of
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`specific asphalts (including their specific penetration values and softening points) is
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`left to the reader.
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`6
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`IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`U.S. Patent Nos. 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
`
`(Ex. 1008, p. 28, Fig. 2.3 (annotations added).) The probability or possibility that a
`
`reader might select an asphalt with the claimed penetration values and softening
`
`points to make Pasquier’s emulsion cannot establish anticipation. See Therasense,
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`593 F.3d at 1332.
`
`The patents-at-issue recognized the criticality of the penetration value and
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`softening point of the cured tack coat, and that these rheological properties are not
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`inevitably the same as the asphalt used to make the emulsion. Put simply, input
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`properties do not equal output properties. Such an assumption could easily lead to
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`hundreds of thousands of dollars in wasted resources due to pavement failures. As
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`claimed, controlling the cured tack coat properties—as opposed to the input asphalt
`
`properties—permits provision of trackless tack coats in ways others had not found
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`possible. APU’s suggestions that the patents’ inventive concept is simply making
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`an emulsion using a hard asphalt (see, e.g., Petition at 1-2, 37) are misleading; the
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`patents nowhere suggest that “prior to November 2005, tack coat emulsions were
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`only formed using soft or medium asphalts.”3 (Pet. at 1 (emphasis in original).) The
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`3 The specification and claims provide that the emulsion of the invention is
`formulated according to a method that produces a cured tack coat having a
`penetration value less than about 40 dmm (or even lower in the claims) and a
`softening point above about 140° F (or even higher in the claims). (See, e.g. Ex.
`1001, 9:54-59; id at col. 10 (showing table of tack coat properties). The Examples
`section refers to an “example of the method” used to form a tack coat by applying
`
`
`
`7
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`
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`IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`U.S. Patent Nos. 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
`
`patents-at-issue instead explain the usual prior-art practice of formulating emulsions
`
`using soft or medium emulsions, using the word “typically” three times in the portion
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`of text Petitioner cites and nowhere stating that this was the exclusive practice.
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`Indeed, Pasquier recognized the problems of making emulsions using hard asphalts
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`and, in light of his own work, asserted that “the sole use of a hard bitumen …does
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`not permit achieving the intended purpose.” (Ex. 1003, 4:63-5:3.) According to
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`Pasquier, “a hard or very hard bituminous emulsion… may fulfill a part of the
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`objective…but the residual layer is very fragile.” (Ex. 1003, 5:5-8.) Pasquier
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`requires that his emulsion include “an additive suitable for limiting the immediate
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`stickiness of the bitumen and/or strengthen its consistency at a temperature below
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`70 ° C.” (Ex. 1003, 5:20-21.) In contrast, the patents-at-issue provide reliable and
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`repeatable methods of providing a trackless tack coat without the use of Paquier’s
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`required additives.
`
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`“the emulsion of the invention using a 13 dmm pen asphalt” (Ex. 1001, 12:38-40),
`which can only refer to the method and emulsion of the invention, previously
`described, that must be formulated to provide a tack coat with the required
`penetration and softening point values. The Example section makes clear that its
`purpose is to examine the effect of certain parameters—such as the penetration value
`and quantity of asphalt used to make the emulsion—on bond strength, compared
`with conventional emulsions. (See, e.g., Ex. 1001, 12:50-53, 13:64-65.) The
`Examples section is not simply an unnecessary regurgitation of the method of
`making a trackless tack coat.
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`
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`8
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`
`
`
`IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`U.S. Patent Nos. 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
`
`Rather than support Petitioner’s arguments that the penetration value and
`
`softening point of a cured tack coat are the same as those of an asphalt used to make
`
`the tack coat emulsion used, Petitioner’s references demonstrate the opposite. The
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`Handbook acknowledges that although oftentimes practitioners assume that “the
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`bitumen produced when an emulsion breaks is the same as the bitumen that was used
`
`to produce the emulsion…there are exceptions.” (Ex. 1008 at 110.) BAEM offers
`
`nothing more definitive; it simply provides that some unidentified “desirable
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`characteristics in the base asphalt cement should show up in the residual asphalt after
`
`emulsification and coalescence.” (Ex. 1009 at 37 (emphasis added).) BAEM does
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`not identify the properties it deems desirable or the circumstance under which they
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`will show up in the residual asphalt, indicating that this is also an assumption subject
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`to numerous exceptions.
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`Petitioner tacitly agrees with these references, stating only that the “tack coat
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`residue will generally exhibit similar properties as the asphalt subject to variances
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`caused by additives.” (See, e.g., IPR2017-01241, Pet. at 35 (emphasis added).) And
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`Dr. James’s own experiments demonstrate the degree to which emulsion ingredients
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`can alter the properties of the residual asphalt relative to those of the base asphalt
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`used to manufacture the emulsion. None of Petitioner’s references teaches or
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`suggests monitoring the penetration value and softening point properties of the cured
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`
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`9
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`
`
`
`IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`U.S. Patent Nos. 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
`
`tack coat to determine the variance caused by additives or recognizes these
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`properties’ importance for providing a trackless tack coat without including
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`unnecessary additives, as the patents demand.
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`Petitioner’s PRI testing does little to show that Pasquier’s emulsion
`
`formulations inherently produce a residual tack coat exhibiting the claimed
`
`penetration and softening point values. (See, e.g., IPR2017-01241, Pet. at 36.) Dr.
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`James directed PRI to perform tests that involved selecting ingredients, methods,
`
`and parameters not described or not a necessary part of the emulsion formulations
`
`that Pasquier described. (See Ex. 1002, ¶111.) For example, Dr. James and PRI
`
`formulated their emulsion using an emulsifier they chose, not one that Pasquier
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`specified. While Pasquier only specifically describes using Emulsamine L60, a
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`tallow diamine commercialized by CECA that is a blend of fatty amines, Dr. James
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`instead “decided to utilize a traditional tallow diamine emulsifier manufactured by
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`AkzoNobel as Redicote E-9 in place of Emulsamine L60.” (Ex. 1002, ¶119.) Dr.
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`James and PRI formulated their emulsion using a different amount of hydrochloric
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`acid (HCl) than Pasquier specified. Although Pasquier’s formulations call for using
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`2 parts (2 kg) of HCl, Dr. James chose to add additional HCl to achieve a pH of 1.5-
`
`2.0. Dr. James acknowledged that the pH of the emulsion influences the emulsion
`
`properties but believed it was acceptable for him to adjust the HCl quantities
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`
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`10
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`
`
`IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`U.S. Patent Nos. 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
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`Pasquier had prescribed. (See Ex. 1002, ¶119.) Dr. James and PRI formulated their
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`emulsion using asphalts that Pasquier did not specify. They chose to use a PG 67-
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`22 asphalt from Marathon Asphalt, Garyville, Louisiana blended with a 0-pen
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`asphalt from Marathon Asphalt, Catlettsburg, Kentucky. In targeting a penetration
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`value for the blended base asphalt, rather than look to Pasquier’s 10/20 penetration
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`grade, Dr. James instructed PRI to target a base asphalt penetration of 10-15 dmm
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`that, not surprisingly, ended up at 10 dmm. (See Ex. 1013 at 16.) Like the emulsifier
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`product and HCl quantity, the asphalt blend and penetration value used in the PRI
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`emulsion formulation was not a necessary result of Pasquier’s formulation, but a
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`choice made by Dr. James and PRI. There is no basis to conclude that Dr. James’s
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`experimental results demonstrate necessary or inherent properties of Pasquier’s
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`formulation. They are, instead, the possible or probable result of Dr. James’s and
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`PRI’s choices and are insufficient to establish inherency.
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`Patent Owner’s testing confirms that Pasquier’s emulsion formulations do not
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`inherently produce a residual tack coat exhibiting the claimed penetration and
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`softening point values. Patent Owner’s expert, William O’Leary, blended an
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`emulsion designated Run #3 that replicated Pasquier’s example set forth in his Table
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`
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`11
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`
`
`IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`U.S. Patent Nos. 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
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`1, except with PEG 600 added to the aqueous phase rather than the asphaltic phase.4
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`(Compare Ex. 1001 (Table 1), with Ex. 2077 at 16-17.) The 10/20 base asphalt had
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`a pen value of 11 dmm and softening point of 72° C. (See Ex. 2078, ¶110.) Upon
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`cure, the emulsion residue had a pen value of 14 dmm and softening point of 68° C.5
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`(See Ex. 2093, ¶94 (Corrected Table 4); Ex. 2077 at 16-17.) This indicates that
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`substituting a base asphalt having a pen value as high as 18 dmm or softening point
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`as low as 63° C into this emulsion would likely result in a cured coating falling
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`outside the challenged claims. Other experimental emulsions exhibited similar
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`results. (See Ex. 2093, ¶94 (Corrected Table 4); Ex. 2077.) Petitioner’s replies
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`neither disputed these results nor provided additional experimental evidence in
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`rebuttal.
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`As the Board previously found, “Petitioner has, at most, demonstrated merely
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`a probability that Pasquier’s asphalt emsulsion, when cured, exhibits” the claimed
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`penetration values and softening points. (See IPR2017-01241, Paper 23 at 14-15;
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`IPR2017-01241, Paper 23 at 14-15.) Patent Owner’s experimental evidence
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`4 The challenged claims all require that the “stabilizer” be part of the aqueous phase.
`Pasquier’s example added PEG 600, the additive Petitioner alleges to be a stabilizer,
`to the asphaltic phase.
`5 Some of the pen values and softening points reported in Mr. O’Leary’s declaration
`at Table 3 were incorrectly transcribed from BETA’s experimental results.
`(Compare Ex. 2078, ¶105, with Ex. 2077.) Mr. O’Leary provided a corrected table
`in his most recent declaration. (See Ex. 2093, ¶94 (Corrected Table 4).)
`12
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`
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`IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`U.S. Patent Nos. 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
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`confirms that conclusion. Furthermore, Petitioner’s “inherency analysis is premised
`
`on certain assumed properties and conditions that are typical or normal rather than
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`necessarily present.” (Id.) Pasquier does not anticipate the challenged claims.
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`B. APU Failed to Show That Pasquier Discloses Heating the Asphalt
`Pavement Material
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`Pasquier also neither expressly nor inherently describes the step of heating the
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`
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`asphalt pavement material. Claim 1 of the ’724 patent6 calls for:
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`heating the asphalt pavement material to provide a heated pavement
`material to a temperature sufficient to soften the coating an amount
`effective to form a bonding surface on the exposed coating; and
`applying the heated asphalt pavement material….
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`(IPR2017-01241, Ex. 1001, 14:28-32.) That hot-mix asphalt can be applied at
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`elevated temperatures when constructing a roadway may be true does not make it
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`relevant to the anticipation analysis. Pasquier never describes heating an asphalt
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`pavement material or softening the coating in an amount effective to form a bonding
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`surface or suggests that his emulsions can only be used with hot-mix asphalt. Neither
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`Petitioner nor Dr. James make such an argument. (See IPR2017-01241, Pet. at 39-
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`40); IPR2017-01242, Pet. at 38-39 (same).) Instead, they resort to “numerous other
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`references” to argue that hot-mix asphalt can be applied at elevated temperatures
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`6 Claims 15 and 31 of the ’724 patent and claim 1 of the ’624 patent include similar
`limitations.
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`13
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`
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`IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`U.S. Patent Nos. 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
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`when constructing a roadway. (See id.) Because Pasquier does not expressly or
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`inherently describe this limitation, it cannot anticipate the challenged claims. See
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`Verdegaal Bros., 814 F.2d at 631.
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`IV. CONCLUSION
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`For the foregoing reasons, the Board should find that Pasquier fails to
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`anticipate the challenged claims.
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`Respectfully submitted,
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`By:
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`/John F. Triggs/ _
`John F. Triggs (Reg. No. 47143)
`Ryan D. Levy (Reg. No. 58618)
`Seth R. Ogden (Reg. No. 65168)
`William E. Sekyi (Reg. No. 45831)
`Patterson Intellectual Property Law, P.C.
`1600 Division Street, Suite 500
`Nashville, TN 37203
`jft@iplawgroup.com
`rdl@iplawgroup.com
`sro@iplawgroup.com
`wes@iplawgroup.com
`Tel.: (615) 242-2400
`Fax: (615) 242-2221
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`CERTIFICATE OF WORD COUNT
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`The undersigned hereby certifies that this Patent Owner Preliminary Response
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`contains 2,889 words in the applicable sections according to 37 C.F.R. § 42.24 and
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`is in compliance with the stipulated 5,000 word requirement.
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` /s/ John F. Triggs
`John F. Triggs
`Registration No. 47,143
`PATTERSON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW, P.C.
`1600 Division Street, Suite 500
`Nashville, TN 37203
`Telephone: (615) 516-2163
`Facsimile: (615) 242-2221
`jft@iplawgroup.com
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`IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`U.S. Patent Nos. 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
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`CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
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`Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.6(e)(4), this is to certify that I caused a true and
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`correct copy of the Patent Owner’s Supplemental Response to Petition to be served
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`electronically via the secure web portal PTAB E2E to the Patent Trial & Appeal
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`Board and via email to the following counsel of record on this 15th day of June 2018:
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`(rwaddell@joneswalker.com)
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`(mleachman@joneswalker.com)
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`Robert Waddell
`Jones Walker LLP
`600 Jefferson Street
`Suite 1600
`Lafayette, Louisiana 70502
`P: (337) 593-7600
`F: (337) 593-7601
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`Michael K. Leachman
`Jones Walker LLP
`8555 United Plaza Boulevard
`Suite 500
`Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70809
`P: (225) 248-2420
`F: (225) 248-3120
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`/John F. Triggs/ _
`By:
`John F. Triggs (Reg. No. 47143)
`Ryan D. Levy (Reg. No. 58618)
`Seth R. Ogden (Reg. No. 65168)
`William E. Sekyi (Reg. No. 45831)
`Patterson Intellectual Property Law, P.C.
`1600 Division Street, Suite 500
`Nashville, TN 37203
`jft@iplawgroup.com
`rdl@iplawgroup.com
`sro@iplawgroup.com
`wes@iplawgroup.com
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`IPR2017-01241, IPR2017-01242
`U.S. Patent Nos. 7,503,724 and 7,918,624
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`Tel.: (615) 242-2400
`Fax: (615) 242-2221
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