Paper No.
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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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`____________________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
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`
`
`
`
`____________________
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`DALI WIRELESS INC.
`Petitioner
`
`v.
`
`COMMSCOPE TECHNOLOGIES LLC
`Patent Owner
`____________________
`
`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
`Issued: December 7, 2010
`Filed: October 27, 2009
`____________________
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW OF U.S. PATENT NO. 7,848,747
`UNDER 35 U.S.C. §§ 311-319 AND 37 C.F.R. § 42.100 ET SEQ.
`____________________
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`
`
`

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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`Page
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`I. 
`
`INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1 
`
`II.  MANDATORY NOTICES ............................................................................. 2 
`A. 
`Real Party-in-Interest (37 C.F.R §42.8(b)(1)) ....................................... 2 
`B. 
`Related Matters (37 C.F.R §42.8(b)(2)) ................................................ 2 
`C. 
`Lead and Back-up Counsel (37 C.F.R §42.8(b)(3)) .............................. 2 
`D. 
`Service Information (37 C.F.R §42.8(b)(4)) ......................................... 2 
`E. 
`Power of Attorney (37 C.F.R. §42.10(b)) ............................................. 3 
`
`III. 
`
`PAYMENT OF FEES ..................................................................................... 3 
`
`IV.  REQUIREMENTS FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW ...................................... 3 
`A.  Grounds for Standing ............................................................................ 3 
`B. 
`Identification of Challenge .................................................................... 4 
`C. 
`Principal Grounds of Unpatentability Under 35 U.S.C. § 103 ............. 4 
`1. 
`The Specific Art and Statutory Grounds on Which the
`Challenge is Based ...................................................................... 4 
`How the Construed Claims are Unpatentable under the
`Statutory Grounds Identified in 37 C.F.R. §42.204(b)(2)
`and Supporting Evidence Relied Upon to Support the
`Challenge. ................................................................................... 5 
`
`2. 
`
`V. 
`
`THERE IS A REASONABLE LIKELIHOOD THAT THE CLAIMS
`OF THE ’747 PATENT ARE UNPATENTABLE ......................................... 6 
`A.  Description of the Alleged Invention of the ’747 Patent ...................... 6 
`B. 
`Declaration ............................................................................................ 8 
`C. 
`The Prior Art ......................................................................................... 8 
`
`VI.  LEGAL DETERMINATIONS ...................................................................... 10 
`A. 
`Broadest Reasonable Interpretation (BRI) .......................................... 10 
`B. 
`POSITA ............................................................................................... 10 
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`-i-
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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`C. 
`
`BRI of Claim Terms to POSITAs ....................................................... 10 
`1. 
`Broadband ................................................................................. 10 
`2. 
`Analog to Digital Converter Circuit(s) ..................................... 10 
`3.  Multiplexer Circuits .................................................................. 10 
`
`VII.  CLAIM-BY-CLAIM EXPLANATION OF GROUNDS OF
`UNPATENTABILITY .................................................................................. 11 
`A. 
`Bellers and Farhan ............................................................................... 11 
`B. 
`Bellers and Grace ................................................................................ 11 
`C. 
`Ichiyoshi and Farhan ........................................................................... 12 
`D.  Ground 1 .............................................................................................. 13 
`E. 
`Ground 2 .............................................................................................. 64 
`F. 
`Ground 3 .............................................................................................. 82 
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`VIII.  CONCLUSION .............................................................................................. 97 
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`IX.  CERTIFICATE OF WORD COUNT ........................................................... 98 
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`CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ...................................................................... 99 
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`
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`X. 
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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`
`LIST OF EXHIBITS
`
`Exhibit No.
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`Exhibit Description
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`1001
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`1002
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`1003
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`1004
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`1005
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`1006
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`1007
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`1008
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`1009
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`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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`Declaration Under 37 CFR § 42.53 of Harry Bims, Ph.D.
`
`Curriculum Vitae of Harry Bims, Ph.D.
`
`Prosecution history of Application 11/398,879
`
`Prosecution history of U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,446,530 to Bellers (“Bellers”)
`
`International Patent No. WO 01/56197 A2 to Farhan
`(“Farhan”)
`
`IEEE JSAC Article to Grace (“Grace”)
`
`U.S. Patent 6,014,366 to Ichiyoshi (“Ichiyoshi”)
`
`
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`-iii-
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §§ 311-319 and 37 C.F.R. § 42.100, the undersigned,
`
`on behalf of and acting in a representative capacity for petitioner Dali Wireless
`
`(“Petitioner”), hereby petitions for Inter Partes review of Claims 1-17 (all claims)
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747 (“the ’747 Patent”).
`
`The challenged claims simply restate and combine old and well-known
`
`aspects of signal transport systems and distributed antenna systems. The claims
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`comprise obvious predictable combinations of foundational signal transport
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`concepts and components existing and in use decades prior. In fact, all the features
`
`and functionality claimed as innovative in the ’747 Patent were readily available to
`
`one of ordinary skill in the art. The prosecution history acknowledged as much: the
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`Examiner correctly found, and the applicant did not dispute, that prior art disclosed
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`vast majority of the claimed features. The ’747 Patent only received allowance
`
`based on the alleged novelty of a few select features. However, even these
`
`allegedly novel features were long known in the art, and were disclosed in art that
`
`was not reviewed during prosecution. In view of the prior art identified below,
`
`Petitioner respectfully requests a determination that all challenged claims are
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`obvious and unpatentable.
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`-1-
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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`II. MANDATORY NOTICES
`Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b), Petitioner provides the following mandatory
`
`disclosures.
`
`A. Real Party-in-Interest (37 C.F.R §42.8(b)(1))
`Petitioner certifies that Dali Wireless, Inc. is the real party-in-interest.
`
`B. Related Matters (37 C.F.R §42.8(b)(2))
`The ’747 Patent was originally assigned to ADC Telecommunications Inc.,
`
`which was acquired by CommScope Technologies, LLC. (“Patent Owner”). Patent
`
`Owner filed at least one infringement lawsuit asserting the ’747 Patent:
`
`CommScope Technologies LLC v. Dali Wireless, Inc. (3:2016cv447) filed in U.S.
`
`District Court for the Northern District of Texas in 2016.
`
`Petitioner is unaware of any other pending matters related to the ‘747 Patent.
`
`C. Lead and Back-up Counsel (37 C.F.R §42.8(b)(3))
`Lead counsel: Richard T. Black (Registration#. 40,514). Back-up counsel:
`
`Benjamin J. Hodges (Registration#. 69,500), Kevin Ormiston (Registration#.
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`75,003).
`
`Service Information (37 C.F.R §42.8(b)(4))
`
`D.
`Counsel for Petitioner can be reached at Foster Pepper PLLC; 1111 Third
`
`Avenue, Suite 3000, Seattle, WA 98101; Telephone: (206) 447-4400; Facsimile:
`
`(206) 749-2062. Petitioner consents
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`to electronic service by email at:
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`-2-
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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`rich.black@foster.com; Ben.Hodges@foster.com; Kevin.Ormiston@foster.com;
`
`litdocket@foster.com.
`
`Power of Attorney (37 C.F.R. §42.10(b))
`
`E.
`Filed concurrently with this Petition.
`
`III. PAYMENT OF FEES
`Requisite fees electronically accompany this Petition. The undersigned also
`
`authorizes the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (“PTAB”) to charge Deposit Account
`
`No. 061629 for any fees required by 37 C.F.R. § 42.15(a) for this Petition for Inter
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`Partes Review. The undersigned further authorizes payment for any additional fees
`
`and any overpayment of fees be credited to the above-referenced Deposit Account.
`
`IV. REQUIREMENTS FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`A. Grounds for Standing
`Petitioner certifies per 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(a) the ’747 Patent is available for,
`
`and the Petitioner is not barred or estopped from requesting, Inter Partes review
`
`challenging these claims of the ’747 Patent. The ’747 Patent has not been subject
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`to previous estoppel-based AIA proceedings. Waiver of service of the Complaint
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`was filed on April 26, 2016, which is within one year from the filing of this
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`petition.
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`-3-
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
`
`
`B.
`Identification of Challenge
`Per 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b), Petitioner requests Inter Partes review of claims
`
`1-17 of the ’747 Patent, and that PTAB declares them unpatentable.
`
`C.
`
`Principal Grounds of Unpatentability Under 35 U.S.C. § 103
`
`Gr.# Reference
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3
`
`Bellers and Farhan
`
`Bellers and Grace
`
`Ichiyoshi and Farhan
`
`Claims
`
`1-17
`
`7-11, 13-17
`
`1, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14
`
`1.
`
`The Specific Art and Statutory Grounds on Which the
`Challenge is Based
`Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.204(b)(2), Inter Partes review of the ’747 Patent
`
`is requested in view of the following 35 U.S.C. §103 (“§103”)1 prior art
`
`references, only one of which (Grace) was previously considered by the
`
`Examiners:
`
`1)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,446,530, filed September 28, 2001, issued
`
`May 21, 2013 (“Bellers,” Ex. 1006);
`
`2)
`
`International Patent No. WO01/56197A2, filed January 25,
`
`2001 (“Farhan” Ex. 1009)
`
`
`1 The pre-AIA version of §103 is applicable to the ’908 Patent.
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`-4-
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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`3)
`
`Grace, Martin, Synchronous Quantized Subcarrier Multiplexing
`
`for Transport of Video, Voice, and Data, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
`
`Communications, Vol. 8, No. 7 (September 1990) (“Grace,” Ex. 1008)
`
`4)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,014,366, filed April 15, 1997, issued January
`
`11, 2000 (“Ichiyoshi,” Ex. 1009)
`
`2. How the Construed Claims are Unpatentable under the
`Statutory Grounds Identified in 37 C.F.R. §42.204(b)(2) and
`Supporting Evidence Relied Upon
`to Support
`the
`Challenge.
`
`Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.204(b)(4) and § 42.204(b)(5), an explanation of
`
`how claims 1- 17 of the ’747 Patent are unpatentable under the statutory grounds
`
`identified above, including the identification of where each element of the claim is
`
`found in the prior art (see Exhibit Numbers), is provided in Sections V-VII below,
`
`including claim charts.
`
`-5-
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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`V.
`
`THERE IS A REASONABLE LIKELIHOOD THAT THE CLAIMS
`OF THE ’747 PATENT ARE UNPATENTABLE
`A. Description of the Alleged Invention of the ’747 Patent
`Fig.1 shows a schematic of a digital RF transport system:
`
`
`The ‘747 Patent explains how wireless networks often extend the coverage
`
`
`
`of a base station by deploying a digital RF transport system between the base
`
`station and a plurality of geographically dispersed base station antennas. Ex.1001:
`
`Abstract; Ex.1002 ¶43. Thereby, wireless telephones can better communicate with
`
`a base station. Id. The ‘747 Patent explains that digitization of the RF spectrum
`
`before transport solves many problems and allows greater distances of transport
`
`while eliminating path loss compensation issues. Id.
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`-6-
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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`The ’747 Patent purports to identify a supposedly open problem with RF
`
`transport systems that occurs when large amounts of digital RF bandwidth are
`
`transported. Ex.1001: 1:35-62; Ex.1002: ¶45. Namely, these transport systems
`
`transport the same amount of RF bandwidth across each RF channel, even though
`
`the bandwidth requirements of each RF channel may be different. Id. The
`
`purported invention allegedly solves this problem by adjusting the A/D sampling
`
`rate of each analog input to the digital RF transport system. Ex.1001: 1:66-2:6;
`
`Ex.1002 ¶46.
`
`Even the prosecution history makes clear that the bulk of the claimed
`
`invention was already well known in the prior art. For instance, the Patent Office
`
`rejected the parent application over Rakib. Ex.1004: 113; Ex.1002 ¶¶53-55. After
`
`this rejection, the applicant added a “mapper/framer” limitation admitting Rakib
`
`anticipated a plurality of analog-to-digital converters (“ADCs”) that are set to the
`
`same sample rate. Ex.1004: 93-104; Ex.1002: ¶¶53-55. The continuation
`
`application which led to the ‘747 Patent was also rejected based on art (Ahmed)
`
`that disclosed most of the new claims. Ex.1005: 81; Ex.1002: ¶¶56-58. After
`
`amendment, a notice of allowance issued. Notably, there is no record of Grace
`
`(used in this IPR) ever being considered in any substantive manner at any time
`
`during the prosecution. Id.
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`-7-
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
`
`
`B. Declaration
`Petitioner submits one 37 C.F.R. §1.68 declaration of Dr. Harry Bims (Ex.
`
`1004).
`
`Dr. Bims (Ph.D., Electrical Engineering, Stanford University), focuses on
`
`wireless and digital communications. Dr. Bims advises on standard setting,
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`technology assessments, engineering lab testing, and product analysis. He is Vice-
`
`chair and Secretary of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
`
`(“IEEE”) 802.16 Working Group, which develops standards for long range,
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`multiple data rate wireless networks, and has over 20 years of experience in
`
`wireless communications. Later he founded AirFlow Networks, Inc. where he
`
`invented and received twenty-one patents on its core technology, based on the
`
`802.11 wireless LAN specification. See C.V. (Ex. 1003).
`
`C. The Prior Art
`1.
`Bellers discloses a system directed toward processing and
`
`sampling of video signals. Ex.1006: 1:5-41; Ex.1002: ¶79. Bellers describes
`
`that different video segments contain variable spatial frequencies, which
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`makes using fixed sampling rates difficult. Id. Bellers discloses a solution to
`
`this problem by using adaptive sampling. Ex.1006: 39-41; Ex.1002: ¶80.
`
`2.
`
`Farhan discloses a broadband communications system that
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`multiplexes, serializes, and distributes analog video and digital data signals
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`-8-
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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`over digital RF transport systems. Ex.1009: Abstract; Ex.1002 ¶100. ADCs
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`are used to distribute RF signals on reverse and forward paths. Ex.1007:
`
`Abstract; Ex.1002 ¶¶102-03. Separate ADCs are used for different portions
`
`of the frequency spectrum of the analog RF input signal, the outputs of
`
`which are then multiplexed into a serial bit stream. Ex.1009: Fig.5; Ex.1002
`
`¶¶103-04.
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`3.
`
`Grace discloses a broadband communications system that
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`samples, multiplexes, serializes, and distributes analog video and digital data
`
`signals over a digital RF transport system and assigns different ADCs to
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`parallel analog input channels. Ex.1008: Fig.3a, 1352-53; Ex.1002 ¶108-9.
`
`4.
`
`Ichiyoshi discloses a variable-bandwidth communication
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`network where the bandwidth is an integer multiple of a step channel
`
`frequency interval and a signal combining circuit that comprises a signal
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`branching circuit for channels with wider frequency bands than the step
`
`channel frequency interval. Ex.1009: 3:17-28; Ex.1002: ¶¶114-115.
`
`-9-
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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`VI. LEGAL DETERMINATIONS
`A. Broadest Reasonable Interpretation (BRI)
`Claims receive the “broadest reasonable construction in light of the
`
`specification.” 37 C.F.R. §42.204(b)(3), §42.100(b).
`
`POSITA
`
`B.
`POSITAs for the ‘747 Patent would have a master’s degree or the equivalent
`
`in electrical engineering and 6+ years of work experience relating to data
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`communications over wireless networks. Ex.1002 ¶65.
`
`C. BRI of Claim Terms to POSITAs2
`1.
`Broadband
`Equivalent or interchangeable with the term “wideband.” Ex.1002 ¶69.
`
`Analog to Digital Converter Circuit(s)
`
`2.
` Circuits that convert analog input signals to digital output signals. Ex.1002
`
`¶70-73.
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`3. Multiplexer Circuits
`Circuits that combine multiple input signals into one output signal. Ex.1002
`
`¶75-6.
`
`
`2 Petitioner reserves rights to rely on different constructions in litigation.
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`-10-
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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`VII. CLAIM-BY-CLAIM EXPLANATION OF GROUNDS OF
`UNPATENTABILITY
`A. Bellers and Farhan
`Bellers and Farhan combined disclose all elements of claims 1-17.
`
`It was commonly understood that flexible ADCs could have a sampling rate
`
`adapted to the associated bandwidth of their analog input signal. Id. POSITAs
`
`would have been motivated to modify Farhan’s broadband communication system
`
`to implement Bellers’ ADC to improve bandwidth efficiency through optimizing
`
`sampling rates of each RF signal. Id. ¶¶117-119. Bellers and Farhan describe
`
`techniques for sampling analog input signals, and the results of combining them
`
`would have predictably increased efficiency. Id. ¶120. The common technology of
`
`both disclosures indicates that the proposed modification would be straightforward
`
`for POSITAs to implement. Id.
`
`Bellers and Grace
`
`B.
`Bellers and Grace combined disclose all elements of claims 7-11, 13-17.
`
`Bellers and Grace describe techniques related to sampling of analog input
`
`signals. Bellers disclosed flexible ADCs having sampling rates adapted to the
`
`associated bandwidth of their analog input signals. Id. POSITAs would have been
`
`motivated to modify the ADC of Bellers and Grace to improve broadband
`
`communication systems’ bandwidth efficiency. Id. ¶¶290-91. Resultant improved
`
`bandwidth efficiency would have been predictable because both Bellers and Grace
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`-11-
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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`describe improved bandwidth efficiency in well-known ways using similar
`
`structures and components. Id. ¶292. The common technology of both disclosures
`
`indicates that the proposed modification would be straightforward for POSITAs to
`
`implement. Id. Further, POSITAs would have been motivated to combine the
`
`sampling system described
`
`in Bellers and Grace’s quantized subcarrier
`
`multiplexing based on POSITAs’ commonly understood knowledge
`
`that
`
`optimizing RF signal sampling rates can further improve bandwidth efficiency.
`
`Ex.1002: ¶290.
`
`Ichiyoshi and Farhan
`
`C.
`POSITAs would have been motivated to combine Ichiyoshi’s sampling
`
`system with Farhan’s broadband communications system based on POSITAs’
`
`commonly understood knowledge that optimizing RF signal sampling rates can
`
`further improve bandwidth efficiency. Id. ¶254. It was commonly understood that
`
`flexible ADCs could have sampling rates adapted to the associated bandwidth of
`
`their analog input signals. Id. Ichiyoshi and Farhan describe analog input signal
`
`sampling techniques, and the results of combining them would have been
`
`predictable. The common technology and components of both disclosures indicate
`
`that the proposed modification would be straightforward for POSITAs to
`
`implement. Id. 257.
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`-12-
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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` Ground 1
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`D.
`Bellers and Farhan render claims 1-17 obvious under §103:
`
`1.
`
`1(a)
`
`
`
`A method, comprising:
`
`receiving a plurality of analog inputs each having an associated
`bandwidth containing an arbitrary number of channels;
`Received analog input signals can be broken down into their overall
`bandwidth and further into a number of channels or sub-bands, which
`comprise a defined portion of overall bandwidth. Ex.1002: ¶108.
`
`Ex.1006: Fig.2A3.
`
`
`
`FIG.2A, a number … of analog filters 201 are employed by
`sampling mechanism 104 to separate the input signal's
`frequency spectrum. Each analog filter 201 filters the input
`signal for a specific band of spatial frequencies. . .
`
`Ex.1006: 3:32-46.
`
`
`
`
`3 Figure annotations and boldface emphasis added throughout.
`
`-13-
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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`Ex.1007: Fig.4.
`
`As shown in FIG.5, parallel processing branches within an optical
`transmitter 500 can be employed to divide the incoming analog
`signal spectrum into equal 50 MHz sub-bands.
`
`Ex.1007: p.9.
`
`1(b)
`
`
`
`sampling each of the plurality of analog inputs with a selected sample
`rate, the selected sample rates selected based on the bandwidth of the
`associated one of the plurality of analog inputs;
`
`In Bellers, ADCs have different settings, i.e. sampling frequency or rate
`at the ADC, which are related to the input signal. Ex.1002: ¶109.
`
`
`Receiver 101 includes a sampling mechanism 104 which samples
`the analog video input signal at a frequency modulated by or
`dependent upon the spatial frequency of the sampled content.
`
`
`Ex.1006: 3:11-20.
`
`FIG.2A, a number . . .of analog filters 201 are employed by
`sampling mechanism 104 to separate the input signal's frequency
`spectrum. . . .A number of corresponding analog-to-digital (A/D)
`converters 202 each having different settings for the various
`filtered signals are employed to generate different digital
`representations having different sampling rates. . . .
`
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`-14-
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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`Ex.1006: 3:32-46.
`
`A number of corresponding analog-to-digital (A/D) converters
`202 each having different settings for the various filtered
`signals are employed to generate different digital representations
`having different sampling rates.
`
`
`Ex.1006: 3:32-46.
`
`The present invention employs a sampling rate which is
`modulated based upon the spatial frequencies of the content
`being sampled. Higher sampling rates, and larger sample
`densities, are employed for content having high spatial frequencies
`while lower sampling rates are employed for content having low
`spatial frequencies.
`
`Ex.1006: 4:14-19.
`
`Farhan teaches a plurality of ADCs, each sampling at a different, fixed
`sampling rate associated with a different, fixed frequency range.
`Ex.1002: 109.
`
`
`Ex.1007: Fig.5.
`
`
`
`combining the samples of the plurality of analog inputs;
`
`1(c)
`
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`-15-
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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`
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`Ex.1006: Fig.2A.
`
`
`
`An intelligent sample combination mechanism 203 . . . selects
`an output from one of converters 202 for each input signal
`segment and combines the selected representations to form the
`digital output signal.
`
`Ex.1006: 3:37-46.
`
`combination logic selecting the output of one of the analog-to-
`digital converters for each segment of the analog video signal and
`combining the selected outputs.
`
`
`Ex.1006: 5:67-6:2.
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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`Ex.1007: Fig.5.
`
`1(d)
`
`converting the combined samples to a serial data stream; and
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Ex.1006: Fig.2A.
`
`
`
`-17-
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`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
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`
`The resulting digital signals are ... passed to an interleaver 525,
`which uses time division multiplexing to generate interleaved
`outputs. Next, the interleaved outputs are serialized and framed
`by device 530, subsequent to which the resulting serial bit stream
`is transmitted....
`
`
`Ex.1007: p.9.
`
`1(e)
`
`transmitting the serial data stream over a communication medium.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Ex.1007: Fig.4.
`
`
`
`. . . the laser transmitter 435, which generates an on/off keyed optical
`signal for downstream distribution within the broadband communication
`system over an optical communication channel 440.
`
`Ex.1007: p.7.
`
`
`A video receiver comprising: an input receiving an analog video
`signal; an output transmitting a digital video signal to a display,
`a storage system, or another device;
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`

`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
`
`
`Ex.1006: 5:40-42
`
`2.
`
`The method of claim 1, wherein receiving a plurality of analog inputs
`comprises receiving a plurality of analog RF bands from a plurality of
`base stations, each band including a number of channels
`
`
`
`
`
`Cable television (CATV) systems typically include a headend
`section for receiving high frequency signals and demodulating
`them to baseband. . . . signal sources may include . . . public
`telephony networks for voice telephony, and digital networks,
`such as the Internet . . .
`
`
`Ex.1007: p.1.
`
`In FIG.1, satellite transmissions of analog and digital television
`signals are received by the headend station 110 and converted to
`an intermediate radio frequency by one or more receivers 112 . . .
`… to modulator/demodulator 120 via RF cables 118.
`
`
`Ex.1007: p.3.
`
`The method of claim 1, wherein sampling each of the plurality of analog
`inputs comprises: converting the analog input to digital samples; and
`down-converting the digital samples.
`
`
`
`3.
`
`
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`

`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
`
`
`
`
`Ex.1009: Figure 2A.
`
`
`
`Down-converting requires modulating or shifting the signal to a lower
`frequency and can be accomplished by moving the frequency to an
`intermediate frequency (IF) or baseband. Ex.1002: ¶117.
`
`
`The bandwidth-limited analog signal is sampled by an analog-to-
`digital converter (415) at a sampling frequency that equals or
`exceeds the bandwidth of the analog filter . . . generating a digital
`electrical signal that is shifted in frequency from the analog
`electrical signal . . .
`
`
`Ex.1007: Cover Page.
`
`In FIG.1, satellite transmissions of analog and digital television
`signals are received by the headend station 110 and converted to
`an intermediate radio frequency by one or more receivers 112 . .
`
`
`Ex.1007: p.3.
`
`4.
`
`The method of claim 1, wherein combining the samples comprises
`combining the samples into slots of a frame.
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`

`

`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
`
`
`
`“Combining … samples into slots of a frame” is a component of time
`division multiplexing, sometimes called interleaving or
`mapping/framing. Ex.1002: ¶119,139. Combining, multiplexing,
`interleaving and framing are all disclosed:
`
`An intelligent sample combination mechanism 203 … combines
`the selected representations to form the digital output signal.
`
`Ex.1006: 3:37-46.
`
`The resulting digital signals are . . . passed to an interleaver 525,
`which uses time division multiplexing to generate interleaved
`outputs. Next, the interleaved outputs are serialized and framed
`by device 530
`
`Ex.1007: p.9.
`
`Bellers and Farhan disclose the claimed “framer.” For example, Bellers
`explicitly teaches framers in its disclosure of the MPEG standard
`because MPEG defines a stream of “frames” containing audio data.
`Ex.1002: ¶152.
`
`the optical transmitter of claim 1, further comprising: a serializer
`coupled between the digital filter and the laser transmitter for
`serializing and framing the digital electrical signal for
`transmission.
`
`Ex.1007: Claim 3.
`
`5.
`
` The method of claim 1, and further comprising:
`
`5(a)
`
`receiving the serial data stream over the communication medium;
`
`
`
`Farhan teaches receiving an optical signal by a receiver over optical
`communications systems, which is a serial data stream over a
`communication medium. Ex.1002: ¶122
`
`
`Optical communications systems . . . are commonly utilized for
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`

`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
`
`
`
`Ex.1007: p.2.
`
`the transport of video and other information signals from a
`transmitting station to one or more receivers.
`
`The optical receiver 126 within the headend 110 converts the
`received upstream optical signal to an electronic form that can
`be processed by the modulator/demodulator 120.
`
`
`Ex.1007: pp.3-4.
`
`5(b)
`
`deserializing the serial data stream to parallel data;
`
`
`
`Farhan teaches a deserializer and that by deserializing the data is
`converted to parallel format as parallel frame data. Ex.1002: ¶187.
`
`
`
`
`Ex.1007: Fig.4.
`
`A deserializer 460 converts the photodiode output to a parallel
`format . . .
`
`
`Ex.1007: p.2.
`
`5(c)
`
`demultiplexing the parallel data; and
`
`
`
`Bellers in light of Farhan teach demultiplexing in an alternative
`embodiment of the optical receiver of an optical transmission system.
`The optical system includes both an optical transmitter and receiver,
`where every structural component in the optical transmitter has a
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`

`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
`
`
`counterpart in the receiver that reverses the function of its corresponding
`component in the optical transmitter. That combination of functions by
`definition accomplishes the claimed multiplexing. Ex.1002: ¶126.
`
`Fig. 5 shows a plurality of inputs, so it is clear that the embodiment
`disclosed in Fig. 4 could be applied to the embodiment of Fig. 5
`resulting in reproducing a plurality of inputs by demultiplexing. This
`informs a POSITA that Farhan teaches an alternative optical receiver
`that reverses the multiplexing function of FIG.5 (shown as Interleaver
`525) by demultiplexing. That combination of functions by definition
`accomplishes the de-multiplexing of the parallel data as claimed.
`Ex.1002: ¶128.
`
`
`Ex.1007: Fig.4.
`
`
`
`
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`

`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
`
`
`
`
`Ex.1007: Fig.5.
`
`5(d)
`
`converting the parallel data to reproduce the plurality of analog inputs.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Ex.1007: Fig 4.
`
`
`
`The deserializer 460 extracts transmitted clock frequency
`information to generate a local clock signal 464 for the digital to
`analog conversion process. The analog signal generated by the
`DAC 465 . . . .
`
`
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`-24-
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`

`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
`
`
`Ex.1007: p.7.
`
`6.
`
`
`
`In light of Fig. 5, which shows a plurality of inputs, it is clear that the
`disclosure of Fig. 4 could be applied to reproduce a plurality of inputs.
`Ex.1002: ¶128.
`
`The method of claim 1, wherein the sample rate is proportional to the
`bandwidth of the associated one of the plurality of analog inputs.
`
`In Bellers, ADCs have different settings, i.e. sampling frequency or rate
`at the ADC, which are related to the input signal. Ex.1002: ¶109.
`
`
`Receiver 101 includes a sampling mechanism 104 which samples
`the analog video input signal at a frequency modulated by or
`dependent upon the spatial frequency of the sampled content.
`
`
`Ex.1006: 3:11-20.
`
`FIG.2A, a number . . .of analog filters 201 are employed by
`sampling mechanism 104 to separate the input signal's frequency
`spectrum. . . .A number of corresponding analog-to-digital (A/D)
`converters 202 each having different settings for the various
`filtered signals are employed to generate different digital
`representations having different sampling rates. . . .
`
`Ex.1006: 3:32-46.
`
`A number of corresponding analog-to-digital (A/D) converters
`202 each having different settings for the various filtered
`signals are employed to generate different digital representations
`having different sampling rates.
`
`
`Ex.1006: 3:32-46.
`
`The present invention employs a sampling rate which is
`modulated based upon the spatial frequencies of the content
`being sampled. Higher sampling rates, and larger sample
`densities, are employed for content having high spatial frequencies
`while lower sampling rates are employed for content having low
`
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`

`

`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
`
`
`spatial frequencies.
`
`Ex.1006: 4:14-19.
`
`Farhan teaches a plurality of ADCs, each sampling at a different, fixed
`sampling rate associated with a different, fixed frequency range.
`Ex.1002: 109.
`
`
`Ex.1007: Fig.5.
`
`
`
`A host unit for wideband digital RF transport, the unit comprising:
`
`-26-
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`7.
`
`
`
`

`

`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
`
`
`
`
`Ex.1007: Fig.1.
`
`A “headend” is a host unit for digital RF transport. Ex.1002: ¶133.
`
`
`
`. . . distribution of analog and television signals from a headend
`station 110 to individual subscribers 155.
`
`
`Ex.1007: p.3.
`
`The present invention may also be employed for any receiver such
`as, for example, a broadband wireless Internet access receiver
`
`
`Ex.1006: 2:64-65.
`
`a plurality of inputs, each input coupled to receive a broadband RF
`signal;
`
`-27-
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`
`
`7(a)
`
`
`
`

`

`Case IPR__________
`U.S. Patent No. 7,848,747
`
`
`
`
`Ex.1006: Fig.2A.
`
`
`
`In the exemplary embodiment, the video system 100 is
`implemented with