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`Title of Invention
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`CRYPTOGRAPHIC SECURITY FUNCTIONS BASED ON ANTICIPATED CHANGES IN DYNAMIC MINUTIAE
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`CRYPTOGRAPHIC SECURITY FUNCTIONS BASED ON ANTICIPATED CHANGES IN DYNAMIC MINUTIAE
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`EWE'EIESRAPHIC SECURITY FUNCTIONS BASED ON ANTICIPATED CHANGES IN DYNAMIC
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`Attorney Docket Number I47583.5U802
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`Applicatlon Data Sheet 37 CFR 1.76
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`4753350302
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`Application Number Title Of Invention
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`CRYPTOGRAPHIC SECURITY FUNCTIONS BASED ON ANTICIPATED CHANGES IN DYNAMIC MINUTIAE
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`This application (1) claims priority to or the benefit of an application filed before March 16, 2013 and (2) also
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`47533.5U302
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` Application Number
`
`CRYPTOGRAPHIC SECURITY FUNCTIONS BASED ON ANTICIPATED CHANGES IN DYNAMIC MINUTIAE
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`
`Title Of invention
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`47533.5U302
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`Application Number Title Of invention
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`CRYPTOGRAF’HIC SECURITY FUNCTIONS BASED ON ANTICIPATED CHANGES IN DYNAMIC MINUTIAE
`
`Applicant Information:
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`er 35
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`Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1.76
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`CRYPTOGRAF’HIC SECURITY FUNCTIONS BASED ON ANTICIPATED CHANGES IN DYNAMIC MINUTIAE
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`Assignee
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`Complete this section if assignee information. including non-applicant assignee information, is desired to be included on the patent
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`CRYPTOGRAPHIC SECURITY FUNCTIONS BASED ON ANTICIPATED CHANGES IN DYNAMIC MlNUTIAE
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`Attorney Docket No. 47583.5US02
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`CRYPTOGRAPHIC SECURITY FUNCTIONS BASED ON ANTICIPATED CHANGES
`
`IN DYNAMIC MINUTIAE
`
`Paul Timothy Miller, George Allen Tuvell
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is a continuation of co-pending US. Patent Application No.
`
`14/458,123 filed August 12, 2014, which is a continuation of and claims benefit of priority to
`
`US. Patent Application No. 13f366,197 filed February 3, 2012, now US. Patent No.
`
`10
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`8,817,984, issued August 26, 2014, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent
`
`Application No. 61/462,424 filed February 3, 2011, all of which are incorporated by
`
`reference.
`
`15
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`Technical Field
`
`_
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`The present disclosure generally relates to dynamic key cryptography used, for
`
`example, for authentication between a client electronic device and a service provider,
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`encryption of data communications, and digital signatures and, more particularly, to
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`cryptography using dynamic keys derived from dynamically changing key material.
`
`20
`
`Related Art
`
`Use of computers for connecting to a network (such as the Internet) and
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`connnunicating with a variety of services risks the privacy of many types of information
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`belonging to a user including, for example, the user’s relationships (e.g., social connections),
`
`25
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`business secrets, banking details, payment options, and health records. The use of
`
`cryptography is common to authenticate identities, protect data, and digitally sign the
`
`summary (i.e. digest) of an action.
`
`Cryptography generally uses an algorithm (e.g., Advanced Encryption Standard
`
`(AES), Rivest Shamir Adelman (RSAD to combine cryptographic keys (which may be
`symmetric, public, or private, for example) with plain text to form cipher text. Cryptography
`
`3O
`
`keys are typically random numbers without any special meaning. The process of distributing
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`Page 10 of 591
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`Attorney Docket No. 47583 .5US02
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`cryptographic keys and storing them on a client computer (referred to as “key management”)
`
`is difficult to perform securely and is often the point-of—attack for breaking the security of a
`
`cryptographic system. The key represents a single sequence of data and thus a single point-
`
`of-failure for the cryptographic system. Since the key normally must be present at the client
`
`computer, finding the key and then copying it to another computer can allow an imposter
`
`entity to masquerade as a valid entity.
`
`Secure elements (e.g., smartcards) can securely store the cryptographic key and, in
`
`some instances, generate the key in a secure environment. Access to the key was typically
`
`controlled by requiring the user to enter a personal identification number (PIN); this ensured
`
`10
`
`that the user had to provide a secret before the secure element would allow use of the key.
`
`Such access to a key is commonly known as two-factor authentication, and the two factors
`
`are generally referred to as: “Something You Know” and “Something You Have”. A third
`
`factor, “Something You Are”, can include, for example, biometric information. The factors
`
`themselves are related in use but entirely separate in material. Possession of the physical
`
`15
`
`secure element (“Something You Have”) may be via validation of cryptographic functions
`
`using the random number cryptographic key provisioned to a particular secure element
`
`Whose use may be protected by a secret PIN (“Something You Know”). There is no implicit
`
`binding between the key and the user.
`
`The use of certificates in cryptography enabled the binding of a distinguished name
`
`20
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`(e.g., a unique user) with a cryptographic key. Yet, still the cryptographic key is a random
`
`number, and when the key is validated, the cryptographic system attributes the user in the
`
`certificate to the usage of the key; the key matter itself has no relation to the user.
`
`On the Internet, ensuring a real-world identity for the user is critical for protecting
`
`data and privacy. Mobile users especially are at risk because they often do not use anti—virus
`
`25
`
`applications and many of the service providers use applications (apps) optimized for
`
`simplicity, not security. This leaves much of the private data meaningful to both a user's
`
`identity and a service's value inadequately protected. Since online service providers (OSP)
`
`incur much of the risk, safety has become their responsibility.
`
`The standard method for identifying a user to an online service is by entering a
`
`30
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`usemame and password. The usemame is a known service index and, as such, can be stored
`
`on the computer for convenience. The password is a user secret verifiable by the OSP; it
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`Page 11 of 591
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`Attorney Docket No. 475 83.5USOZ
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`should not be stored at the computer, where it can be compromised. However, because a
`
`quality password has many characters which should be a mix of upper, lower, punctuation
`
`and special characters, the password is often difficult and time—consuming to type. This is
`
`especially true on a mobile computer using touch keypads that have various ‘levels’ of
`
`keypads for characters beyond simple alpha-numeric. Thus, many mobile apps store the
`
`password on the computer. Because mobile operating systems require mobile apps to be
`
`signed in order to run, the apps themselves cannot be altered after installation. So, any data
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`stored by the mobile app is separate from the mobile app and often can be vulnerable to
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`attack. Furthermore, because the app cannot change, if encryption was used to protect the
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`10
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`cached password, there could only be one encryption key for all instances of the application.
`
`This commonality made harvesting and cracking stored passwords on a mobile computer
`
`relatively simple, even if the passwords were encrypted, since they all used the same key for
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`decryption.
`
`Computer and computer identification has been attempted by calculating a hash of the
`
`15
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`minutia found on a computer to uniquely identify the computer, often referred to as a
`
`computer fingerprint. Computer fingerprints typically are used, among other things, to ‘lock’
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`software to a particular computer fingerprint and identify computers used in online actions to
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`profile the history and potential risk of particular actions. A typical computer identifier is
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`computed and remains static; to ensure reliability the computer fingerprint typically uses
`computer minutiae (e.g., serial numbers) that normally do not change. Thus, current
`
`20
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`computer fingerprints typically use a relatively small set of static minutia which may be
`
`prone to spoofing. Some approaches to improving computer