The Department of Justice has announced a $600 million settlement with Alibaba Group and AUS Merchant Services to resolve allegations that the companies failed to prevent the sale of illegal pharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical equipment, and other unlawful products on their platforms. The resolution, involving the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Rhode Island, is notable not only for its size but also for what it says about the government’s enforcement posture toward large online marketplaces and payment-related service providers.

At a high level, the case reflects a familiar theory in modern platform enforcement: federal authorities are increasingly focused not just on the third-party sellers offering unlawful goods, but also on the intermediaries that allegedly enabled those transactions by failing to implement adequate controls.