The Justice Department has announced a proposed resolution with KKR that would impose a record $250 million civil penalty over alleged repeated violations of the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act’s premerger notification rules. According to the DOJ’s announcement, KKR Co. GP LLC allegedly failed across at least 16 transactions to provide complete and accurate filings, including by withholding, altering, or omitting required documents that are central to antitrust review.

The case is notable not just for the size of the penalty, but for the government’s theory: this was not framed as a one-off filing error, but as a pattern of conduct that allegedly undermined the HSR regime itself.

The FTC has secured what it says is the largest civil penalty ever obtained for a Hart-Scott-Rodino filing failure: a combined $12 million settlement with Edwards Lifesciences and Genesis MedTech over the acquisition of JC Medical. According to the agency, the companies structured the transaction to avoid premerger notification and waiting-period requirements under the HSR Act, prompting an enforcement action filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia by the DOJ on the FTC’s behalf.

That headline number matters.